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Models to predict injury, physical fitness failure and attrition in recruit training: a retrospective cohort study

Military Medical Research 2020年第4期7卷 391-400页

作者： Robin M.Orr Bruce S.cohen stephen c.allison Lakmini Bulathsinhala Edward J.Zambraski Mark Jaffrey Tactical Research Unit Bond University2 Promethean WayGold CoastRobinaQLD 4226Australia United States Army Research Institute for Environmental Medicine NatickMA 01760USA Defence Science and Technology Group Port MelbourneVIC 3207Australia

Background:Attrition rate in new army recruits is higher than in incumbent *** the current study,we identified the risk factors for attrition due to injuries and physical fitness failure in recruit training.A variety of predictive models were ***:This retrospective cohort included 19,769 Army soldiers of the Australian Defence Force receiving recruit training during a period from 2006 to *** them,7692 reserve soldiers received a 28-day training course,and the remaining 12,077 full-time soldiers received an 80-day training *** data included anthropometric measures,course-specific variables,injury,and physical fitness *** regression was used to develop a variety of models to predict the rate of attrition due to injuries and physical fitness *** area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was used to compare the performance of the ***:In the overall analysis that included both the 28-day and 80-day courses,the incidence of injury of any type was 27.8%.The 80-day course had a higher rate of injury if calculated per course(34.3%vs.17.6%in the 28-day course),but lower number of injuries per person-year(1.56 vs.2.29).Fitness test failure rate was significantly higher in the 28-day course(30.0%vs.12.1%).The overall attrition rate was 5.2%and 5.0%in the 28-day and 80-day courses,*** fracture was common in the 80-day course(n=44)and rare in the 28-day course(n=1).The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves for the course-specific predictive models were relatively low(ranging from 0.51 to 0.69),consistent with"failed"to"poor"predictive *** course-combined models performed somewhat better than the course-specific models,with two models having AUc of 0.70 and 0.78,which are considered"fair"predictive ***:Attrition rate was similar between 28-day and 80-day *** comparison to the 80-day full course,the 28-day course had a lower rat

关键词： Military training Predictive modelling Risk management Soldier

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A novel approach to Parkinson's disease treatment with a potentially dual-acting therapeutic agent that targetsα-synuclein aggregation and neuron death

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第12期19卷 2577-2578页

作者： allison RBalaj Hiroaki Kaku Department of Investigative Medicine Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of MedicineKalamazooMIUSA

Parkinson's disease(PD),a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder,is chara cterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons and the aggregation ofα-synuclein protein into Lewy *** the current standards of therapy have been successful in providing some symptom relief,they fail to address the underlying pathophysiology of PD and as a result,they have no effect on disease progression.

关键词： aggregation death therapeutic

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Promising use of metformin in treating neurological disorders:biomarker-guided therapies

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第5期19卷 1045-1055页

作者： allison Loan charvi Syal Margarita Lui Ling He Jing Wang Regenerative Medicine Program Ottawa Hospital Research InstituteOttawaONCanada Department of Biology Faculty of ScienceUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada Department of Pediatrics and Medicine Johns Hopkins Medical SchoolBaltimoreMDUSA Department of cellular and Molecular Medicine Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute OttawaONCanada

Neurological disorders are a diverse group of conditions that affect the nervous system and include neurodegenerative diseases(Alzheimer’s disease,multiple sclerosis,Parkinson’s disease,Huntington’s disease),cerebrovascular conditions(stroke),and neurodevelopmental disorders(autism spectrum disorder).Although they affect millions of individuals around the world,only a limited number of effective treatment options are available *** most neurological disorders express mitochondria-related metabolic perturbations,metformin,a biguanide type II antidiabetic drug,has attracted a lot of attention to be repurposed to treat neurological disorders by correcting their perturbed energy ***,controversial research emerges regarding the beneficial/detrimental effects of metformin on these neurological *** that most neurological disorders have complex etiology in their pathophysiology and are influenced by various risk factors such as aging,lifestyle,genetics,and environment,it is important to identify perturbed molecular functions that can be targeted by metformin in these neurological *** molecules can then be used as biomarkers to stratify subpopulations of patients who show distinct molecular/pathological properties and can respond to metformin treatment,ultimately developing targeted *** this review,we will discuss mitochondria-related metabolic perturbations and impaired molecular pathways in these neurological disorders and how these can be used as biomarkers to guide metformin-responsive treatment for the targeted therapy to treat neurological disorders.

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease Huntington’s disease metformin mitochondrial perturbation multiple sclerosis neural degenerative diseases Parkinson’s disease stroke targeted therapy

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Wildfire severity alters soil microbial exoenzyme production and fungal abundances in the southern Appalachian Mountains

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Pedosphere 2024年第5期34卷 865-878页

作者： Megan L.ScHILL Richard BAIRD Shawn P.BROWN allison M.VEAcH Department of Integrative Biology University of Texas at San Antonio Biochemistry Molecular Biology Entomology and Plant Pathology Department Mississippi State University Department of Biological Sciences The University of Memphis

climate change has increased drought frequency and duration that are exacerbated by increased temperatures globally. This effect has, and will continue,to increase fire occurrence across many regions of North America. In the southern Appalachian Mountains, wildfires with high burn severity occurred in 2016due to increased drought and human activity. To investigate the effects of burn severity on soil physicochemical properties, microbial extracellular enzyme production, and microbial abundances in a temperate region, surface soils (0–15 cm) were collected from two sites (the Great Smoky Mountains National Park in Tennessee and the Nantahala National Forest in North carolina, USA) spanning lightly, moderately, and severely burned areas, accompanied by adjacent unburned locations that act as controls. The soil samples were collected at three time points between 2017 and 2019 (i.e., 0.5, 1, and 2.5 years post-fire)among burn severity plots. Total hydrolytic enzyme production varied over time, with severe burn plots having significantly lower enzyme production at 2.5years post-fire. Individual enzymes varied among burn severities and across time post-fire. Light burn plots showed greater carbon-specific (β-glucosidase and β-xylosidase) and phosphorus-specific (acid phosphatase) enzyme activities at 0.5 years post-fire, but this effect was transient. At 2.5 years post-fire, theβ-xylosidase and acid phosphatase activities were lower in severe or moderate burn plots relative to the controls. In contrast, the activity of nitrogen-specific enzyme leucyl aminopeptidase was the lowest in severe burn plots at 0.5 years post-fire, but was the lowest in light burn plots at 2.5 years post-fire. The fungi:bacteria ratio declined with burn severity, indicating that fungi are sensitive or less resilient to high burn severity during recovery. These results suggest that wildfires alter trajectories for soil microbial structure and function within a 2.5-year timeframe, which potentially

关键词： 16S rRNA burn severity extracellular enzyme fungi:bacteria ratio internal transcribed spacer microbial structure

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Sedimentary records of contaminant inputs in Frobisher Bay,Nunavut

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Environmental Science and Ecotechnology 2024年第2期18卷 28-42页

作者： Meaghan c.Bartley Tommy Tremblay Amila O.De Silva cMichelle Kamula stephen ciastek Zou Zou A.Kuzyk centre for Earth Observation Science Clayton H.Riddell Faculty of EnvironmentEarth and ResourcesUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaR3T 2N2Canada Department of Environment and Geography Clayton H.Riddell Faculty of EnvironmentEarth and ResourcesUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaR3T 2N2Canada canada-Nunavut Geoscience Office IqaluitNunavutX0A 0H0Canada Environment and climate change canada BurlingtonOntarioL7S 1A1Canada Department of Earth Sciences Clayton H.Riddell Faculty of EnvironmentEarth and ResourcesUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaR3T 2N2Canada

contaminants,such as polychlorinated biphenyls(PcBs),polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs),heavy metals,and per and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs),primarily reach the Arctic through long-range atmospheric and oceanic ***,local sources within the Arctic also contribute to the levels observed in the environment,including legacy sources and new sources that arise from activities associated with increasing commercial and industrial *** city of Iqaluit in Frobisher Bay,Nunavut(canada),has seen rapid population growth and associated development during recent decades yet remains a site of interest for ocean protection,where Inuit continue to harvest country *** the present study,seven dated marine sediment cores collected in Koojesse Inlet near Iqaluit,and from sites in inner and outer Frobisher Bay,respectively,were analyzed for total mercury(THg),major and trace elements,PAHs,PcBs,and *** sedimentary record in Koojesse Inlet shows a period of Aroclor 1260-like PcB input concurrent with military site presence in the 1950e60s,followed by decades of input of pyrogenic PAHs,averaging about ten times background ***-surface sediments in Koojesse Inlet also show evidence of transient local-source inputs of THg and PFASs,and recycling or continued slow release of PcBs from legacy land-based *** in PFAS congener composition clearly distinguish the local sources from long-range *** Koojesse Inlet but still in inner Frobisher Bay,9.2 km from Iqaluit,sediments showed evidence of both local source(PcB)and longrange *** outer Frobisher Bay,an up-core increase in THg and PFASs in sediments may be explained by ongoing inputs of these contaminants from long-range *** context for ocean protection and country food harvesting in this region of the Arctic clearly involves both local sources and long-range transport,with past human activities leaving a long legacy insofar as levels of persistent o

关键词： Arctic sediments Mercury Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) Polychlorinated biphenyls(PcBs) Per and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs) Persistent organic pollutants(POPs)

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Discussing menstrual health in family medicine

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Family Medicine and community Health 2024年第2期12卷 23-26页

作者： allison R casola Alice Renaud Ashwini Kamath Mulki Thomas Jefferson University Sidney Kimmel Medical college PhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA Lehigh Valley Health Network AllentownPennsylvaniaUSA Valley Health Partners Family Health center AllentownPennsylvaniaUSA

MENSTRUAL HEALTH Menstrual health is a general biological marker for many cisgender women,transgender men and non-binary *** more than half of the population being people who menstruate,stigma,lack of conversation and pressing social needs around menstrual health persists throughout medicine.1 Discussions around menstruation and menstrual management can be difficult for individuals,whether it is with friends or family,or in the healthcare setting.1 Patients who have never discussed menstruation with a clinician may not know what is healthy,assume that an abnormal experience is normal and may endure periods that negatively affect their life,career or well-being.2–5 Menstruation plays a vital role in overall well-being and contributes significantly to an individual’s quality of *** their scope of care,family medicine clinicians are poised to identify red-flag menstrual symptoms in their routine visits with patients,reducing time to diagnosis of menstrual *** urge family medicine clinicians to have renewed conversations surrounding menstrual health with their *** purpose of this report is to supply a brief overview of the importance of menstrual communication in primary care and serve as a resource to enhance menstrual communication between patient and clinician,with the ultimate goal of decreasing menstrual stigma and promoting improved menstrual health and experiences for patients.

关键词： routine men spite

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Diagnostic challenges and individualized treatment of cervical adenocarcinoma metastases to the breast:A case report

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World Journal of clinical cases 2024年第2期12卷 412-417页

作者： allison Akers Susan Read John Feldman casey Gooden Diana P English Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of South FloridaTampaFL 33606United States Department of Gynecologic Oncology Sky Ridge Medical CenterLone TreeCO 80124United States Department of Radiology University of South FloridaTampaFL 33606United States Department of Pathology University of South FloridaTampaFL 33606United States

BAcKGROUND cervical cancer is a rare primary tumor resulting in metastases to the breast with few cases reported in *** metastases are associated with poor *** following case highlights the diagnostic challenges associated with metastatic cervical cancer to the breast along with individualized *** SUMMARY A 44-year-old G7P5025 with no significant past medical or surgical history presented with heavy vaginal to an outside emergency department where an exam and a pelvic magnetic resonance imaging showed a 4.5 cm heterogenous lobulated cervical mass involving upper two thirds of vagina,parametria and lymph node *** biopsies confirmed high grade adenocarcinoma with mucinous features.A positron emission tomography/computed tomography(PET/cT)did not show evidence of metastatic *** received concurrent cisplatin with external beam radiation *** up PET/cT scan three months later showed no suspicious fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in the cervix and no evidence of metastatic *** was lost to follow up for six *** was re-imaged on re-presentation and found to have widely metastatic disease including breast *** biopsy confirmed programmed death-ligand 1 positive metastatic cervical *** patient received six cycles of carboplatin and paclitaxel with *** imaging demonstrated *** continued on pembrolizumab with disease *** Metastatic cervical cancer to the breast is uncommon with nonspecific clinical findings that can make diagnosis *** history and immunohistochemical evaluation of breast lesion,and comparison to primary tumor can support diagnosis of metastatic cervical cancer to the ***,the prognosis is poor,but immunotherapy can be considered in select patients and may result in good disease response.

关键词： cervical adenocarcinoma Breast metastases Immunotherapy Pembrolizumab carboplatin Paclitaxel case report

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Rapid growth in a large cambrian apex predator

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National Science Review 2024年第3期11卷 128-136页

作者：吴雨 stephen Pates Daniel Pauly 张兴亮傅东静 State Key Laboratory of continental Dynamics and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Early Life and Environment Department of Geology Northwest University Department of Zoology University of Cambridge Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries University of British Columbia Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology Chinese Academy of Sciences

Despite the importance of ontogenetic data on early diverging euarthropods to our understanding of the ecology and evolution of past life, the data are distinctly lacking, as reconstructing life histories of fossil animals is often challenging. Here we report the growth trajectory of frontal appendages of the apex predator Amplectobelua symbrachiata, one of the most common radiodont arthropods from the early cambrian chengjiang biota(c. 520 Ma) of china. Analysis of 432 specimens(9.1–137.1 mm length; 1.3–25.6 mm height) reveals that appendages grew isometrically, with an estimated maximum size of the whole animal of c. 90 cm. Individuals grew rapidly compared to extant arthropods, as assessed using the electronic length-frequency analysis(ELEFAN) approach. Therefore, we show that the cambrian apex predator A. symbrachiata was an extremely fast-growing arthropod, with an unusual life history strategy that formed as part of the escalatory ‘arms race’ that shaped the cambrian explosion over 500 Ma.

关键词： stem-group Euarthropoda Radiodonta post-embryonic development growth dynamics cambrian Explosion

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Gastroesophageal reflux following peroral endoscopic myotomy for achalasia:Bumps in the road to success

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第29期30卷 3461-3464页

作者： David Itskoviz stephen David Howard Malnick Kaplan Medical center Institute of Gastroenterology and HepatologyHebrew University Medical School of JerusalemRehovot 76100Israel Kaplan Medical center Department of Internal Medicine CHebrew University Medical School of JerusalemRehovot 76100Israel

Achalasia can significantly impair the quality of *** clinical presentation typically includes dysphagia to both solids and liquids,chest pain,and *** can be delayed in patients with atypical presentations,and they might receive a wrong diagnosis,such as gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD),owing to overlapping symptoms of both *** the cause of achalasia is poorly understood,its impact on the motility of the esophagus and gastroesophageal junction is well *** treatment modalities have been utilized,with the most common being surgical Heller myotomy with concomitant fundoplication and pneumatic balloon ***,peroral endoscopic myotomy(POEM)has gained popularity as an effective treatment for achalasia,despite a relatively high incidence of GERD occurring after treatment compared to other *** magnitude of post-POEM GERD depends on its definition and is influenced by patient and procedure-related *** longterm sequelae of post-POEM GERD are yet to be determined,but it appears to have a benign course and is usually manageable with clinically available *** risk factors for post-POEM GERD and modifying the POEM procedure in selected patients may improve the overall success of this technique.

关键词： Achalasia Per-oral endoscopic myotomy Gastroesophageal reflux Pneumatic dilatation Heller myotomy Proton pump inhibitor Acidic fermentation

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A brief history of the compendium of Physical Activities

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 3-5页

作者： Barbara E.Ainsworth stephen D.Herrmann David R.Jacobs Jr. Melicia c.Whitt-Glover catrine Tudor-Locke School of Exercise and Health Shanghai University of SportShanghai 200438China college of Health Solutions Arizona State UniversityPhoenixAZ 85003USA Kansas center for Metabolism and Obesity Research University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Division of Epidemiology and community Health University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN 55455USA Gramercy Research Group KnightdaleNC 27545USA college of Health and Human Services University of North Carolina at CharlotteCharlotteNC 28223USA

The compendium of Physical Activities(compendium)was developed to address consistent assignment of physical activity(PA)intensity values used in PA epidemiology research of the association between PA and health outcomes.1The known protective effects of PA on incident health outcomes traces to the mid-1900s,with over 50 studies examining coronary heart disease(cHD)as the outcome of interest.

关键词： epidemiology Activities protective

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