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Androgen deprivation therapy and side effects:are GnRH antagonists safer?

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2021年第1期23卷 3-10页

作者： stephen J Freedland per-Anders Abrahamsson Division of Urology Department of SurgeryCedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCA 90048USA Section of Urology Durham VA Medical CenterDurhamNC 27705USA Department of Urology SkSne University HospitalLund UniversityMalmo 20502Sweden.

Androgen deprivation therapy(ADT)with gonadotropin-releasing hormone(GnRH)agonists and antagonists is the mainstay of advanced prostate cancer *** drug classes decrease levels of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormones(FSH),thereby lowering testosterone to castrate *** is associated with adverse events(AEs),including cardiovascular(CV)disorders,bone fractures,metabolic dysfunction,and impaired cognitive *** literature review discusses these AEs,with a focus on CV and bone-related events.A hypothesis-generating meta-analysis of six clinical trials showed a potentially increased risk for CV disorders with GnRH agonists versus the GnRH antagonist *** no study has directly compared GnRH agonists versus antagonists with a primary CV outcome,one hypothesis for this observation is that GnRH agonists lead to initial surges in FSH that may negatively impact CV health,whereas antagonists do *** agonists are associated with metabolic and cognitive AEs and while data are lacking for GnRH antagonists,no differences in risk are *** common AEs with ADT include injection site reactions,which are much more common with degarelix than with GnRH agonists,which may reflect differing administration and injection *** studies are needed to further evaluate and compare the safety profiles of GnRH agonists and antagonists,especially in patients with pre-existing CV disease and other *** should carefully evaluate benefits and risks when prescribing ADT and ensure that side effects are well managed.

关键词： androgen antagonists metabolic syndrome prostate cancer safety

Differential seed removal,germination and seedling growth as determinants of species suitability for forest restoration by direct seeding–A case study from northern Thailand

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Forest Ecosystems 2023年第4期10卷 526-534页

作者： Khuanphirom Naruangsri pimonrat Tiansawat stephen Elliott Forest Restoration Research Unit(FORRU) Department of BiologyFaculty of ScienceChiang Mai University239 Huaykeaw RoadMueang DistrictChiang Mai50200Thailand

Background Direct seeding is potentially a more cost-effective alternative to conventional tree planting for restoring tropical forest ***,seed loss,due to removal and damage by animals,can substantially reduce seedling ***,this study examined the impact of seed predation on seedling establishment of five tree species,native to upland evergreen forests of northern Thailand:Hovenia dulcis,Alangium kurzii,prunus cerasoides,Choerospondias axillaris and Horsfieldia *** tested the hypothesis that excluding animals would significantly reduce seed removal,and increase both germination and seedling *** objective was to calculate a composite index of the relative suitability of the species studied for direct *** Seeds were placed on the ground in a deforested site and subjected to five predator-exclusion treatments:wire cage,insecticide,cage+insecticide,open cage and no exclusion(control).Results Seed loss was highest for ***(the largest seed tested).Across species,wire cages significantly reduced seed loss by 12.4%compared with controls(ppecies *** on relative species-performance scores(combining measures of survival and seedling growth),*** was the most suitable species for direct seeding,followed by *** and ***,whilst *** and *** were *** had small seeds with low seed germination,whereas *** was subjected to high seed *** Exclusion of seed predators and the selection of suitable species may substantially increase the success of direct seeding,as a technique for restoring upland evergreen forest *** more species for their suitability is needed,to provide more diverse options for forest restoration.

关键词： Direct seeding Seed predation Seedling survival Species performance Northern Thailand

Anomalous CDW ground state in Cu_(2)Se:A wave-like fluctuation of the dc I-v curve near 50 K

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Journal of Materiomics 2017年第2期3卷 150-157页

作者： Mengliang Yao Weishu Liu Xiang Chen Zhensong Ren stephen Wilson Zhifeng Ren Cyril p.Opeil Department of physics Boston CollegeChestnut HillMA 02467USA Department of physics and TcSUH University of HoustonTX 77204USA Department of Materials University of CaliforniaSanta BarbaraCA 93106USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenGuangdong 518055China

A charge density wave(CDW)ground state is observed in polycrystalline Cu_(2)Se below 125 K,which corresponds to an energy gap of 40.9 meV and an electron-phonon coupling constant of *** to the polycrystalline structure,the peierls transition process has been expanded to a wide temperature range from 90 K to 160 *** Hall carrier concentration shows a continuous decrease from 2.1×10^(20)to 1.6×10^(20)cm^(-3)in the temperature range from 160 K to 90 K,while almost unchanged above 160 K and below 90 *** entering the CDW ground state,a wave-like fluctuation was observed in theI-Vcurve near 50 K,which exhibits a periodic negative differential resistivity in an applied electric field due to the *** also investigated the doping effect of Zn,Ni,and Te on the CDWground *** Zn and Ni doped Cu_(2)Se show a CDW character with increased energy gap and electron-phonon coupling constant,but no notable peierls transition was observed in Te doped Cu_(2)*** wave-likeI-Vcurve was also seen in Cu_(1.98)Zn_(0.02)Se near 40 *** regular fluctuation in the dcI-Vcurve was not magnetic field sensitive,but temperature and sample size sensitive.

关键词： peierls transition CDW dc I-V curve Wave-like fluctuation Copper selenide

Wavelength stability in a hybrid photonic crystal laser through controlled nonlinear absorptive heating in the reflector

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Light(Science & Applications) 2018年第1期7卷 654-660页

作者： Andrei p.Bakoz Alexandros A.Liles Alfredo A.Gonzalez-Fernandez Tatiana Habruseva Changyu Hu Evgeny A.Viktorov stephen p.Hegarty Liam O’Faolain Centre for Advanced photonics and process Analysis&Department of physical Sciences Cork Institute of TechnologyCork T12P928Ireland Tyndall National Institute University College CorkLee MaltingsDyke ParadeCork T12R5CPIreland School of physics&Astronomy University of St AndrewsNorth HaughSt Andrews KY169SSUK National Research University of Information Technologies Mechanics and OpticsSaint Petersburg 199034Russia IMEC Department of Information Technology(INTEC)Photonics Research GroupGhent UniversityTechnologiepark-Zwijnaarde 159052 GhentBelgium National Institute of Astrophysics Optics and Electronics72840 TonantzintlaMexico

The need for miniaturized,fully integrated semiconductor lasers has stimulated significant research efforts into realizing unconventional configurations that can meet the performance requirements of a large spectrum of applications,ranging from communication systems to *** demonstrate a hybrid,silicon photonicscompatible photonic crystal(phC)laser architecture that can be used to implement cost-effective,high-capacity light sources,with high side-mode suppression ratio and milliwatt output output *** emitted wavelength is set and controlled by a silicon phC cavity-based reflective filter with the gain provided by a Ⅲ–Ⅴ-based reflective semiconductor optical amplifier(RSOA).The high power density in the laser cavity results in a significant enhancement of the nonlinear absorption in silicon in the high Q-factor phC *** heat generated in this manner creates a tuning effect in the wavelength-selective element,which can be used to offset external temperature fluctuations without the use of active *** approach is fully compatible with existing fabrication and integration technologies,providing a practical route to integrated lasing in wavelength-sensitive schemes.

关键词： amplifier tuning nonlinear

Bioleaching of trace elements and rare earth elements from coal fly ash

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2019年第1期6卷 74-83页

作者： stephen park Yanna Liang Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Southern Illinois University Carbondale1230 Lincoln Drive CarbondaleIL 62901USA Department of Environmental and Sustainable Engineering State University of New York at Albany1400 Washington Ave Albany NY 12222 USA

Coal fly ash originated from coal combustion has high concentrations of metals. If suitable leaching techniques are identified, then coal fly ash could serve as a useful source of valuable minerals including rare earth elements (REEs). In this study, three microbial strains, Candida bombicola, phanerochaete chrysosporium and Cryptococcus curvatus were tested on their performance of leaching trace elements and REEs from fly ash. Through comparing mineral loss and leaching efficiencies resulting from indirect leaching or use of the culture supernatant, C. bombicola was identified to be the best leading to the highest mineral loss and extracting efficiencies of trace elements and REEs among the three strains. The highest mineral loss observed from using the supernatant of this yeast strain was 59.7%. Among all trace elements, As and Mo had the highest leaching efficiency of 80.9% and 79.5%. respectively. The same leaching test led to 67.7% of Yb and 64.6% of Er dissolved from the ash. This study, thus, demonstrated that bioleaching is feasible for leaching metals out of fly ash. The C. bombicola strain deserves further investigation due to its robust actions on metal leaching.

关键词： Cryptococcus curvatus Candida bombicola phanerochaete chrysosporium - Coal fly ash Bioleaching Rare earth elements Trace metals

Experimental and MD simulation of 3-dodecyloxypropanamine and 3-tetradecyloxypropylamine adsorbed onto quartz(101) surface

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2021年第6期31卷 1033-1042页

作者： Zhouyueyang Cheng Yimin Zhu Yanjun Li stephen Butt a College of Resource and Civil Engineering Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819China b National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Refractory Iron Ore Resources Efficient Utilization Technology Shenyang 110819China c Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science Memorial University of NewfoundlandSt.John’s A1C 5S7Canada

In this paper,two surfactants,3-dodecyloxypropanamine(DOpA) and 3-tetradecyloxypropylamine(TOpA),were synthesized and used as collectors in the quartz micro-flotation in the *** tests,FT-IR,XpS measurements,and ab initio Molecular Dynamics(MD) simulations were conducted to research DOpA,TOpA,and dodecylamine(DDA)'s adsorption mechanisms onto quartz(101)*** results of micro-flotation show that the adsorption of DOpA and TOpA onto quartz surface is more robust than that of *** zeta-potential result shows that the DOpA/TOpA was adsorbed on quartz through electrostatic ***,MD simulation adsorption models were built to compare the computational properties of the three surfactants,such as the radial distribution function,and the interaction energies between the collectors and the quartz cleavage *** interaction energies of surfactants(RNH_(3)^(+) or RNH_(2)) on the quartz surface explained why the pH range of DOpA/TOpA is wider than that of *** analyses and MD simulations confirmed that DOpA bonded with the(101) surface of quartz through three types of hydrogen bonds between the-NH_(2) of DOpA and the O atom of *** hydrogen bonds of type A and type C were the most likely type and more potent than those of type B.

关键词： Quartz(101)surface Flotation Molecular dynamics 3-Dodecyloxypropanamine Adsorption

The HIpERC project:the Use of Nb for High performance and Economy in Steel for Linepipe and General Structural Use

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2011年第S1期18卷 690-695页

作者： Webster stephen Drewett Lyn Consultant UK Tata Steel RD&T Swinden Technology CentreRotherhamUK

The HIpERC study was a European research project involving several steel companies and research organisations which examined the effects of alloying elements and processing conditions in low carbon (pilot rolling trials simulating air and water-cooled plate production as well as hot-rolled strip production were made and the effects of C,Mn,Ni,Cu,Cr,Mo,Nb,Ti and B on transformation characteristics and temperatures of recrystallisation *** equations for the characterisation of microstructure,tensile and impact properties and for the weldability of these steels were *** were manufactured and processed into plate and coil-plate by three steel companies and pipe produced from both *** from these,plus thicker plate for structural use,were determined and these compared well with the values predicted from the regression *** project has shown that excellent combinations of strength,toughness and weldability can be obtained for a wide variety of *** benefits were seen and recommendations on altering the limits for niobium in Euronorms have been proposed.

关键词： steel niobium linepipe structural property

The diffeomorphic types of the complements of arrangements in Cp^3Ⅱ

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Science China Mathematics 2008年第4期51卷 785-802页

作者： YAU stephen S-T Department of Mathematics Statistics and Computer ScienceUniversity of Illinois at Chicago

For any arrangement of hyperplanes in Cp^3,we introduce the soul of this arrangement. The soul,which is a pseudo-complex,is determined by the combinatorics of the arrangement of hyper- *** this paper,we give a sufficient combinatoric condition for two arrangements of hyperplanes to be diffeomorphic to each *** particular we have found sufficient conditions on combinatorics for the arrangement of hyperplanes whose moduli space is *** generalizes our previous result on hyperplane point arrangements in Cp^3.

关键词： arrangement of hyperplanes soul of arrangement combinational geometry of arrangement differential and topological structure of complement of arrangement

DEM investigation of strength and critical state behaviours of granular materials under true triaxial loadings

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particuology 2024年第2期85卷 198-212页

作者： Minyi Zhu Guobin Gong Jun Xia stephen Wilkinson Department of Civil Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool UniversityChina Department of Civil Engineering and Industrial Design University of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences University of Wollongong in DubaiUnited Arab Emirates

This paper investigates the strength and critical state(CS)behaviours of granular materials via DEM simulations of true triaxial drained tests under three different loading modes including constant b(in-termediate stress ratio)tests with constantσ'1(major principal stress),constant p(mean pressure)and constantσ'3(minor principal stress)*** this end,a series of samples are generated with the same particle size distribution,and with the confining stresses ranging from 100 kpa to 900 *** CS is achieved for all *** the macroscopic behaviours and the microscopic behaviours are examined and compared considering different loading modes,confining stresses and intermediate stress ratios(b).The critical state lines(CSLs)are found to be unique and independent of the loading modes,but dependent on the b *** CSLs with b=0 and b=1 form the two boundaries of CSLs respectively beyond which CSLs under all other b tests cannot go *** different strength criteria are examined and compared in terms of both peak and CS *** Mohr-Coulomb strength criterion is found to be only suitable for axisymmetric loading *** Lade-Duncan criterion is only suitable for describing peak strengths,which is dependent on the loading modes and confining *** Satake criterion and Matsuoka-Nakai criterion are the more appropriate strength criteria for describing CS failures,indicating that the CS values of both the Satake parameter and the Matsuoka-Nakai parameter describe an inherent property that characterizes the CS failure for a given type of *** CS mechanical coordination number is fitted by a curved line for a given b value,which is unique regardless of the loading *** peak and CS values of both major and minor principal fabric tensors decrease with increasing b values,while they increase with increasing b values for the intermediate principal fabric tensor.

关键词： Discrete element method Intermediate stress ratio Dilation Critical state Failure criterion