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Comparative Analysis of Disparity in Demand for Fresh Fish between Rural and Urban Households in Cameroon

Agricultural Sciences 2018年第9期9卷 1131-1144页

作者： E. stephanie m. mvodo Ngite Prudence mbulle Ndive Epeti Likowo Department of Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine University of Buea Buea Cameroon Agro-Hub Agricultural Marketing Platform Buea Cameroon Association for Women Empowerment Buea Cameroon

The past decades have exhibited changes in the consumption of fresh fish. In developing countries, factors affecting fish consumption are different between urban and rural households. This study comparatively analyses the disparity in demand for fresh fish between rural and urban households in Cameroon. Using random sampling, data on the weekly consumption of fresh fish were collected between April and may 2015;30 households lived in rural localities while 30 lived in urban areas of Buea municipality. Consumer’s income, the price of fresh fish, family size, gender and age of consumers represented parameters of interest. These were analyzed using the independent sample t-test. Results revealed that the availability, the income level and price affected fish consumption of rural dwellers while price, taste, income and affordability determined the consumption patterns of urban dwellers. The study equally revealed that the higher the price of fresh fish, the higher the demand for its closed substitutes and the higher the size of the household, the higher the quantity demanded. Gender, education and marital status did not affect the quantity demanded;family size and age negatively influenced consumers’ decision to buy while consumers’ income and price of fresh fish positively influenced consumers’ weekly and monthly expenditure on fresh fish. The study proposes that more information be provided to consumers regarding the numerous nutritional benefits of fresh fish for both rural and urban dwellers. Also, policy makers and marketers need to improve the availability of fresh fish in rural and semi-urban settings.

关键词： Cameroon Fresh Fish Rural and Urban Household Demand

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Comparative analysis of two nonlethal methods for the study of the gut bacterial communities in wild lizards

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Integrative Zoology 2023年第6期18卷 1056-1071页

作者： mauricio HERNÁNDEZ Sergio ANCONA stephanie HEREIRA-PACHECO Aníbal HDÍAZ DE LA VEGA-PÉREZ Yendi E.NAVARRO-NOYA Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas Centro de Tlaxcala de Biología de la ConductaUniversidad Autónoma de TlaxcalaTlaxcalaMexico Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva Instituto de EcologíaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMexico CityMexico Estación Científica la malinche Centro de Tlaxcala de Biología de la ConductaUniversidad Autónoma de TlaxcalaTlaxcalaMexico Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología—Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta Universidad Autónoma de TlaxcalaTlaxcalaMexico Laboratorio de Interacciones Bióticas Centro de Investigación en Ciencias BiológicasUniversidad Autónoma de TlaxcalaTlaxcalaMexico

Fecal samples or cloacal swabs are preferred over lethal dissections to study vertebrate gut microbiota for ethical reasons,but it remains unclear which nonlethal methods provide more accurate information about gut *** compared the bacterial communities of three gastrointestinal tract(GIT)segments,that is,stomach,small intestine(midgut),and rectum(hindgut)with the bacterial communities of the cloaca and feces in the mesquite lizard Sceloporus *** hindgut had the highest taxonomic and functional alpha diversity,followed by midgut and feces,whereas the stomach and cloaca showed the lowest *** taxonomic assemblages of the GIT segments at the phylum level were strongly correlated with those retrieved from feces and cloacal swabs(rs>0.84 in all cases).The turnover ratio of Amplicon Sequence Variants(ASVs)between midgut and hindgut and the feces was lower than the ratio between these segments and the *** than half of the core-ASVs in the midgut(24 of 32)and hindgut(58 of 97)were also found in feces,while less than 5 were found in the *** the ASVs level,however,the structure of the bacterial communities of the midgut and hindgut were similar to those detected in feces and *** findings suggest that fecal samples and cloacal swabs of spiny lizards provide a good approximation of the taxonomic assemblages and beta diversity of midgut and hindgut microbiota,while feces better represent the bacterial communities of the intestinal segments at a single nucleotide variation level than cloacal swabs.

关键词： animal microbiome cloacal swabs fecal samples intestinal tract reptile gut microbiome

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奥地利Gosau群Bibereck组Campanian早期海水变深序列的地层学和地球化学(英文)

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地学前缘 2005年第2期12卷 123-131页

作者： michael WAGREICH stephanie NEUHUBER Department of Geological Sciences University of Vienna Althanstrasse 14 A-1090 Vienna AustriaDepartment of Geological Sciences University of Vienna Althanstrasse 14 A-1090 Vienna Austria

Schmidsippl剖面位于奥地利北钙质阿尔卑斯构造带内Gosau群典型地区。剖面出露的Bibereck组记录了一个海侵和沉积区海水变深过程。Bibereck组之下是Santonian晚期Hoclamoos组(Santlkalkbank段)，主要为砂质、粉砂质灰色生物扰动构造发... 详细信息

Schmidsippl剖面位于奥地利北钙质阿尔卑斯构造带内Gosau群典型地区。剖面出露的Bibereck组记录了一个海侵和沉积区海水变深过程。Bibereck组之下是Santonian晚期Hoclamoos组(Santlkalkbank段)，主要为砂质、粉砂质灰色生物扰动构造发育的泥灰岩，含少量双壳类碎片。Hochmoos组之上为灰色泥灰岩和泥灰质灰岩。Bibereck组下部显示变深到近滨-远滨过渡带区域；向上，泥灰岩指示细粒泥质远滨沉积，水深大致50～150m；之上出现浮游有孔虫含量超过90％的泥灰质灰岩，代表着半深海沉积环境。生物地层数据显示采样层位整体位于浮游有孔虫asymetrica-elevata带，由Globotruncanita elevata和Dicarinella asymetrica的共同出现来界定。钙质超微化石Calculites obscurus、Lucianorhabdus cayeuxii、Arkhangelskiella cymbi formis的出现指示属于钙质超微化石带CC17b／UC12，相当于Campanian初期。地层深度剖面上，Ca／Al比值和Catot含量显示海水来源的Ca在0～5m地层内几近于零，向上快速增加；(Fe／Al)／碳酸盐显示两个峰值，代表更还原条件，分别位于4m和10m位置；K／Al比值的下降被解释为更潮湿气候条件；剖面上部Ba含量的增加显示向更低原始生产条件的变化；陆源矿物在剖面7m以下保持稳定，之上一直到剖面顶部不断下降。生物地层数据表明在约50万年短暂的时间间隔内水深由几米深浅水环境变深为800～1500m深半深海环境。地球化学数据显示在海侵过程中出现两个海平面变化波动过程。这些数据为与上覆大洋红层进行对比提供了基础。

关键词： Campanian Ca/Al比值海平面变化海水变深序列奥地利

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Androgen receptor deficiency in monocytes/ macrophages does not alter adiposity or glucose homeostasis in male mice

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2018年第3期20卷 276-283页

作者： Katya B Rubinow Barbara Houston Shari Wang Leela Goodspeed Kayoko Ogimoto Gregory J morton Christopher mcCarty Robert E Braun stephanie T Page Division of metabolism Endocrinology and Nutrition Department of Medicine University of Washington School of Medicine Seattle WA 98195 USA Jackson Laboratory Bar Harbor ME 04609 USA

Androgen deprivation in men leads to increased adiposity, but the mechanisms underlying androgen regulation of fat mass have not been fully defined. Androgen receptor （AR） is expressed in monocytes/macrophages, which are resident in key metabolic tissues and influence energy metabolism in surrounding cells. male mice bearing a cell-specific knockout of the AR in monocytes/macrophages （m-ARKO） were generated to determine whether selective loss of androgen signaling in these cells would lead to altered body composition. Wild-type （WT） and m-ARKO mice （12-22 weeks of age, n = 12 per group） were maintained on a regular chow diet for 8 weeks and then switched to a high-fat diet for 8 additional weeks. At baseline and on both the regular chow and high-fat diets, no differences in lean mass or fat mass were observed between groups. Consistent with the absence of differential body weight or adiposity, no differences in food intake （3.0 ± 0.5 g per day for WT mice vs 2.8 ± 0.4 g per day for m-ARKO mice） or total energy expenditure （0.6 ± 0.1 Kcal h-1 for WT mice vs 0.5 ± 0.1 Kcal h-1 for m-ARKO mice） were evident between groups during high-fat feeding. Liver weight was greater in m-ARKO than that in WT mice （1.5 ± 0.1 g vs 1.3 ± 0.0 g, respectively, P = 0.02）. Finally, m-ARKO mice did not exhibit impairments in glucose tolerance or insulin sensitivity relative to WT mice at any study time point. In aggregate, these findings suggest that AR signaling specifically in monocytes/macrophages does not contribute to the regulation of systemic energy balance, adiposity, or insulin sensitivity in male mice.

关键词： androgen receptor knockout mice macrophages male hypogonadism metabolic syndrome

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Efficiency Evaluation of Extraction methods for Analysis of OCPs and PCBs in Soils of Varying TOC

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2017年第6期8卷 693-713页

作者： Ulrike mülow-Stollin Petra Lehnik-Habrink stephanie Kluge Wolfram Bremser Christian Piechotta Bundesanstalt für materialforschung Und-Prüfung (BAm) Berlin Germany

Organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls are toxic, carcinogenic, and have a high potential for bioaccumulation. Due to their stability, they are still considered an environmental problem even though the use of most of them has been phased out several decades ago. Soil is a matrix which can retain these contaminants to a great extent. This ability is often associated with the total organic carbon content (TOC). In order to judge the pollution status of soil and to make monitoring data more easily comparable a simple, yet robust extraction method is needed. Agitation solid-liquid-extraction is well suited for this purpose. However, the influence of TOC on the analyte recovery has to be known. For the presented study, 12 organochlorine pesticides and 7 polychlorinated biphenyls were spiked into four model soils with organic carbon contents between 1.6% - 13.3%. The matrices were extracted using solid-liquid extraction between 45 minutes and 16 hours. For comparison, all soils were also extracted using pressurised liquid extraction and Soxhlet extraction. After clean-up the extracts were measured using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-mS) system. Statistical analysis of the results implied that the TOC content of the soils did not have significant influence on the extraction efficiency. A longer solid-liquid extraction time did not necessarily increase analyte recovery: Extraction for one hour resulted in 88% recovery while 16 hour extraction led to 89%. Thus, the efficiency of all the methods was comparable for all model soils. Additional investigations regarding GC liner performance highlighted the need for isotopically labelled standards during the analysis of thermolabile pesticides.

关键词： POP Soil Organic matter Solid-Liquid Extraction Pressurised Liquid Extraction

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Extragenital chlamydia infection among active-duty women in the United States Navy

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military medical Research 2019年第3期6卷 208-215页

作者： Robert Deiss morgan Byrne Sara mEchols stephanie mCammarata Lynda Potswald Eduardo Gomez Jennifer ACurry Eric Garges Grace macalino Brian KAgan mary FBavaro Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program Department ofPreventive Medicine and BiostatisticsUniformed Services Universityof the Health Sciences11300Rockville PikeRockvilleMD20850USA The Henry m.Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of militarymedicine Inc6720A Rockledge DriveBethesdaMD20817USA Division of Infectious Diseases Naval Medical Center San Diego34800Bob Wilson DriveSte201San DiegoCA92134USA 32nd StreetBranch medical Clinic Naval Medical Center San Diego2450CravenStSan DiegoCA92104USA Division of Tropical medical Health Department of Preventive Medicine and BiostatisticsUniformedServices University of the Health Sciences4301Jones Bridge RoadBethesdaMD20814-4799USA marimac Insight LLCSimpsonvilleMDUSA.

Background: Pharyngeal and anorectal reservoirs of gonorrhea(GC) and chlamydia(CT) are increasingly recognized among heterosexual women. While a number of studies performed at sexually transmitted disease(STD) clinics have found a high prevalence of extragenital GC/CT infection, such screening is typically not offered during routine primary care visits for women. We sought to define the prevalence of and factors associated with extragenital GC/CT among women in the U.S. ***: We recruited servicewomen stationed in San Diego, California, between the ages of 18 and 25 who presented for an annual physical exam between January and September, 2017. Nucleic acid amplification testing was performed on swabs collected at endocervical, oropharyngeal and anorectal sites to assess the presence of GC/CT. An anonymous behavioral questionnaire was also administered to characterize sexual risk. Descriptive statistics were used to compare women with and without a prior history of any sexually transmitted infection(STI)(self-report) along with a current GC/CT diagnosis. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Uniformed Services University of Health ***: Of the 75 patients who were approached, 60 subjects were enrolled in the study, including white 20(33.3%), black/African American 18(31.0%), Hispanic/Latina 13(21.7%) and Asian/Pacific Islander 9(15.5%) women. Among all the women, six(10.0%) were diagnosed with CT infection, all via endocervical exam. Of these, five(8.3%) had concurrent anorectal infection, including two cases(3.3%) accompanied by pharyngeal infection. Of the subjects, 15(25.0%) reported anal intercourse in their most recent sexual encounter, most of which was condomless(13/15, 86.7%). A high number of women who reported sex with a casual male partner(19/45, 42.2%) reported rarely or never using condoms;last, 41.7% consuming at least 3 drinks on a typical drinking day, and one-third of the reported drinking more than once

关键词： Chlamydia military Risk behavior Sexually transmitted infection

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Fun at the Beach

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空中英语教室（初级版．大家说英语） 2018年第7期 34-36,54,55页

作者： stephanie Lim michelle Ti

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Yalk About your Feelings

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空中英语教室（初级版．大家说英语） 2010年第2期 9-10页

作者： marcia Fry stephanie Chang

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multifunctional resonant wavefront-shaping meta-optics based on multilayer and multi-perturbation nonlocal metasurfaces

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Light(Science & Applications) 2022年第9期11卷 2194-2206页

作者： stephanie CmALEK ADAm COVERVIG ANDREA ALÙ NANFANG YU Department of Applied Physics and Applied mathematics Columbia UniversityNew YorkNY 10027USA Photonics Initiative Advanced Science Research CenterCity University of New YorkNew YorkNY 10031USA Physics Program Graduate CenterCity University of New YorkNew YorkNY 10016USA

Photonic devices rarely provide both elaborate spatial control and sharp spectral control over an incoming *** optical metasurfaces,for example,the localized modes of individual meta-units govern the wavefront shape over a broad bandwidth,while nonlocal lattice modes extended over many unit cells support high quality-factor ***,we experimentally demonstrate nonlocal dielectric metasurfaces in the near-infrared that offer both spatial and spectral control of light,realizing metalenses focusing light exclusively over a narrowband resonance while leaving off-resonant frequencies *** devices attain this functionality by supporting a quasi-bound state in the continuum encoded with a spatially varying geometric *** leverage this capability to experimentally realize a versatile platform for multispectral wavefront shaping where a stack of metasurfaces,each supporting multiple independently controlled quasi-bound states in the continuum,molds the optical wavefront distinctively at multiple wavelengths and yet stay transparent over the rest of the *** a platform is scalable to the visible for applications in augmented reality and transparent displays.

关键词： spectrum resonant supporting

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Collagen/hyaluronan based hydrogels releasing sulfated hyaluronan improve dermal wound healing in diabetic mice via reducing inflammatory macrophage activity

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Bioactive materials 2021年第12期6卷 4342-4359页

作者： Sophia Hauck Paula Zager Norbert Halfter Elke Wandel marta Torregrossa Ainur Kakpenova Sandra Rother michelle Ordieres Susann Räthel Albrecht Berg stephanie möller matthias Schnabelrauch Jan C.Simon Vera Hintze Sandra Franz Department of Dermatology Venerology und AllergologyLeipzig University04103LeipzigGermany Institute of materials Science Max Bergmann Center for BiomaterialsTechnische Universitǎt Dresden01069DresdenGermany Biomaterials Department INNOVENT e.V.JenaGermany

Sustained inflammation associated with dysregulated macrophage activation prevents tissue formation and healing of chronic *** of inflammation and immune cell functions thus represents a promising approach in the development of advanced therapeutic *** we describe immunomodulatory hyaluronan/collagen(HA-AC/coll)-based hydrogels containing high-sulfated hyaluronan(sHA)as immunoregulatory component for the modulation of inflammatory macrophage activities in disturbed wound *** sHA downregulates inflammatory activities of bone marrow-derived and tissue-resident macrophages in *** further affects macrophage-mediated pro-inflammatory activation of skin cells as shown in skin ex-vivo *** a mouse model of acute skin inflammation,intradermal injection of sHA downregulates the inflammatory processes in the *** is associated with the promotion of an anti-inflammatory gene signature in skin macrophages indicating a shift of their activation *** in vivo translation,we designed HA-AC/coll hydrogels allowing delivery of sHA into wounds over a period of at least one *** immunoregulatory capacity was analyzed in a translational experimental approach in skin wounds of diabetic db/db mice,an established model for disturbed wound *** sHA-releasing hydrogels improved defective tissue repair with reduced inflammation,augmented pro-regenerative macrophage activation,increased vascularization,and accelerated new tissue formation and wound closure.

关键词： 4-6):sulfated hyaluronan macrophages Immunomodulation Chronic wounds Hydrogel Skin inflammation

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