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The impact of burning on lion Panthera leo habitat choice in an African savanna

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Current Zoology 2013年第3期59卷 335-339页

作者： stephanie EBY Anna MOSSER Ali SWANSON Craig PACKER Mark RITCHIE Department of Biology Syracuse University Syracuse NY 13210 USA Department of Ecology Evolution and Behavior University of Minnesota Saint Paul MN 55108 USA Department of Integrative Biology University of Guelph Guelph Ontario N 1G 2W1

Camivores play a central role in ecosystem processes by exerting top-down control, while fire exerts bottom-up con- trol in ecosystems throughout the world, yet, little is known about how fire affects short-term carnivore distributions across the landscape. Through the use of a long-term data set we investigated the distribution of lions, during the daytime, in relation to burned areas in Serengeti National Park, Tanzania. We found that lions avoid burned areas despite the fact that herbivores, their prey, are attracted to burned areas. Prey attraction, however, likely results from the reduction in cover caused by burning, that may thereby decrease lion hunting success. Lions also do not preferentially utilize the edges of burned areas over unburned areas de- spite the possibility that edges would combine the benefit of cover with proximity to abundant prey. Despite the fact that lions avoid burned areas, lion territory size and reproductive success were not affected by the proportion of the territory burned each year. Therefore, burning does not seem to reduce lion fitness perhaps because of the heterogeneity of burned areas across the landscape or because it is possible that when hunting at night lions visit burned areas despite their daytime avoidance of these ar- eas .

关键词： Fire Lions Savannas Habitat distribution Predator-prey interactions Protected area management

Comparative transcriptomics and gene network analysis revealed secondary metabolism as preeminent metabolic pathways for heat tolerance in hard fescue

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Grass Research 2021年第1期1卷 110-119页

作者： Yi Xu stephanie Rossi Bingru Huang Department of Plant Biology RutgersThe State University of New JerseyNew BrunswickNJ 08901USA

The molecular mechanisms underlying genetic variations in heat tolerance,one of the important turfgrass traits,for fine fescue are not *** the present study,our objective was to identify molecular constituents and metabolic interactions involved in heat tolerance in two genotypes of hard fescue(Festuca trachyphylla)contrasting in heat tolerance by comparative transcriptomics and gene comparison network *** cultivars of hard fescue,'Reliant IV'(heat-tolerant),and'Predator'(heat-sensitive),were subjected to heat stress temperature at 35/30℃(day/night)or maintained at optimal temperature at 22/18℃(day/night)(non-stress control)for 21 *** 14 and 21 d of heat stress,'Reliant IV'maintained significantly higher photochemical efficiency(F_(v)/F_(m)),chlorophyll(Chl)content,and lower cell membrane electrolyte leakage(EL)compared to'Predator',suggesting its superiority in heat *** transcriptomic profiles,gene functional enrichment analysis,and weighted gene comparison network analysis revealed central hub genes(BBE22 and ALPLD)and their connecting genes involved in secondary metabolism for biosynthesis of oxylipins(LOX1 and LOX3),phenolic compounds(PAL2),and dhurrin(C79A1 and C71E1).These genes were up-regulated in heat-tolerant'Reliant IV'under heat stress but not in heat-sensitive'Predator',while a majority of heat-regulated genes involved in primary metabolism responded similarly to heat stress in both *** unique genes in the secondary metabolic pathways enriched in only the heat-tolerant cultivar could be critical for mediating the protection of hard fescue against heat stress and are potentially useful as candidate genes or molecular markers for augmenting heat tolerance in other temperate species of grass.

关键词： metabolism network maintained

Demographic features and visual outcomes of patients presenting to diabetic photo-screening and treated for sight threatening retinopathy in Fiji

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2017年第5期10卷 790-795页

作者： Riyaz Bhikoo Neil Murray Biu Sikivou stephanie Emma Charles McGhee The Fred Hollows Foundation New Zealand Auckland 1023New Zealand Department of Ophthalmology New Zealand National Eye Centre University of Auckland Auckland 1023 New Zealand Pacific Eye Institute Suva Fiji

AIM：To describe the demographic features and visual outcomes of patients presenting to photo-screening services, and treated for sight threatening retinopathy（STR） in a low resource setting, ***：A retrospective review of all new patients who presented for diabetic photo-screening at the Diabetic Eye Clinic, Suva in 2010. Fundus images were graded using standardised guidelines. Patient demographics, retinopathy grading and visual acuity data were extracted from the database and analyzed. Patients that received laser therapy and still attending follow up in 2012 were examined for disease progressionRESULTS：Totally 2236 patients were photo-screened, 87%（3870/4472） of images were gradable. STR was observed in 26%（988/3870） with advanced STR（proliferative retinopathy/severe maculopathy） in 10%（385/3870）. Of those with STR, 59% had BCVA ≥6/18, 31% with advanced STR were 〈6/60. Male gender [odds ratio（OR） 1.59; 1.20-2.12], history of hypertension（OR 1.36; 1.03-1.80） and peripheral neuropathy（OR 1.41; 1.01-1.95） were predictive of advanced STR. In 2012, 32%（315/988） attended follow up with 69% exhibiting advanced STR compared with 53% of the same cohort in 2010. Laser photocoagulation was administered to 212 eyes（212/3870, 5%） with retinopathy and maculopathy progression observed in 52% and 33% respectively. BCVA ≥6/18 was noted in 67%（143/212） of treated eyes. Improved glycaemic control（OR 46.52; 1.50-1441.90） amongst those with advanced STR was predictive of eyes that maintained good ***：In Fiji, a quarter of new patients presenting to photo-screening have STR with a third of those with advanced STR having already loss vision. Improved glycaemic control and timely treatment of patients with sight threatening complications is important in halting disease progression.

关键词： diabetic retinopathy sight threatening photocoagulation pacific islands developing countries

Containment measures for emerging and re-emerging vector-borne and other infectious diseases of poverty in urban settings:a scoping review

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2018年第1期7卷 976-991页

作者： Laurence Campeau stephanie Degroote Valery Ridde Mabel Carabali Kate Zinszer University of Montreal Public Health Research Institute(IRSPUM) MontrealQuebecCanada French Institute For Research on sustainable Development(IRD) IRD-Paris Descartes University(CEPED)Paris Sorbonne Cites UniversityErl Inserm SagesudParisFrance McGill University MontrealQuebecCanada

Background:The emergence and re-emergence of vector-borne and other infectious diseases of poverty pose a threat to the health of populations living in urban and low-income settings.A detailed understanding of intervention strategies,including effectiveness of past outbreak containment,is necessary to improve future *** objective was to determine what is known about the effectiveness of containment measures for emerging and re-emerging vector-borne and other infectious diseases of poverty in urban settings and identify research gaps and implications for public health *** body:We conducted a scoping review and systematically searched peer-reviewed and grey literature published between 2000 and *** data extraction tools were used for data coding and extraction,and data on implementation process and transferability were extracted from all studies.A quality assessment was conducted for each included *** screened 205 full-text articles and reports for a total of 31 articles included in the *** quality of the studies was generally low to *** largest body of evidence concerned control activities for Ebola virus and dengue *** majority of interventions(87%)relied on multiple types of measures,which were grouped into four categories:1)healthcare provision;2)epidemiological investigation and/or surveillance;3)environmental or sanitary interventions;and 4)community-based *** quality of the majority of studies(90%)was poor or moderate,and one-third of the studies did not provide a clear description of the outcomes and of the procedures and/or tools used for the ***:Our results highlight the difficulty of establishing causation when assessing the effect of containment *** that extend beyond solely reporting on effectiveness and take into account the complexity of real-world settings are urgently *** recommend the allocation of research efforts to the evaluation of the

关键词： Vector-borne diseases Containment measures Interventions Urban health Scoping review

Clinical features and long-term outcomes of patients with colonic oligopolyposis of unknown etiology

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第48期28卷 6950-6961页

作者： Dan Feldman Linda Rodgers-Fouche stephanie Hicks Daniel C Chung Division of Gastroenterology Massachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusetts 02114United States Center for Cancer Risk Assessment Massachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusetts 02114United States Division of Gastroenterology and Center for Cancer Risk Assessment Massachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusetts 02114United States

BACKGROUND Colonic adenomatous polyposis of unknown etiology(CPUE)is an adenomatous polyposis phenotype that resembles Familial Adenomatous Polyposis(FAP)even though no germline pathogenic variant is *** We sought to better characterize the clinical features and outcomes in a cohort of CPUE *** This is a retrospective case series of patients 18 years old or older with adenomatous oligopolyposis(between 10-100 adenomas)and negative genetic testing,identified through the Hereditary Gastrointestinal Cancer Database at Massachusetts General Hospital,a tertiary academic referral center.A retrospective chart review was performed with a focus on demographics,alcohol and tobacco use,medication use,familial malignancy and polyp burden,genetic testing information,endoscopic surveillance data including the corresponding histopathology,colonic and extracolonic malignancies,mortality events,and their *** correlation and Pearson Chi-square test(or Fisher's exact test)were used for continuous and categorical variables *** CPUE patients were primarily male(69%)and presented for genetic counseling at 63.7 *** 2 patients(2.9%)reported a first-degree relative with *** an average surveillance period of 12.3 years,0.5 colonoscopies per year were *** developed 2.3 new adenomas per year.4(5.7%)were diagnosed with colorectal cancer(CRC)at a mean age of 66 years,and 3 were diagnosed prior to the onset of oligopolyposis.7(10%)required colectomy due to advanced dysplasia or polyp *** respect to upper gastrointestinal manifestations,1 patient had a gastric adenoma,but there were no cases of gastric or small bowel *** surveillance,10(14%)patients died at a mean age of 72,and none were due to *** CPUE is distinct from familial adenomatous polyposis(FAP)syndrome and the use of FAP surveillance guidelines may result in unnecessarily frequent upper and lower endoscopies.

关键词： Colonic polyposis of unknown etiology Multigene cancer panel Colorectal cancer Colectomy Surveillance Mortality

How small could a pup sound？ The physical bases of signaling body size in harbor seals

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Current Zoology 2017年第4期63卷 457-465页

作者： Andrea RAVIGNANI stephanie GROSS Maxime GARCIA Ana RUBIO-GARCIA Bart DE BOER Veterinary & Research Department Sealcentre Pieterburen Hoofdstraat 94a Pieterburen AG 9968 The Netherlands Artificial Intelligence Laboratory Vrije Universiteit Brussel Pleinlaan 2 Brussels 1050 Belgium Language and Cognition Department Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics Wundtlaan 1 Nijmegen XD 6525 The Netherlands Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation Werftstrasse 6 Buesum 25761 Germany ENES Lab/Neuro-PSI CNRS UMR9197 University of Lyon/Saint Etienne 23 rue Paul Michelon 42023 Saint-Etienne cedex 2 France

Vocal communication is a crucial aspect of animal behavior. The mechanism which most mam- mals use to vocalize relies on three anatomical components. First, air overpressure is generated in- side the lower vocal tract. Second, as the airstream goes through the glottis, sound is produced via vocal fold vibration. Third, this sound is further filtered by the geometry and length of the upper vocal tract. Evidence from mammalian anatomy and bioacoustics suggests that some of these three components may covary with an animal＇s body size. The framework provided by acoustic al- Iometry suggests that, because vocal tract length （VTL） is more strongly constrained by the growth of the body than vocal fold length （VFL）, VTL generates more reliable acoustic cues to an animal＇s size. This hypothesis is often tested acoustically but rarely anatomically, especially in pinnipeds. Here, we test the anatomical bases of the acoustic allometry hypothesis in harbor seal pups Phoca vitulina. We dissected and measured vocal tract, vocal folds, and other anatomical features of 15 harbor seals post-mortem. We found that, while VTL correlates with body size, VFL does not. This suggests that, while body growth puts anatomical constraints on how vocalizations are filtered by harbor seals＇ vocal tract, no such constraints appear to exist on vocal folds, at least during puppy- hood. It is particularly interesting to find anatomical constraints on harbor seals＇ vocal tracts, the same anatomical region partially enabling pups to produce individually distinctive vocalizations.

关键词： acoustic allometry honest signaling larynx pinniped vocal tract.

Trajectory sampling and finite-size effects in first-principles stopping power calculations

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npj Computational Materials 2023年第1期9卷 238-246页

作者： Alina Kononov Thomas W.Hentschel stephanie B.Hansen Andrew D.Baczewski Center for Computing Research Sandia National LaboratoriesAlbuquerqueNMUSA School of Applied&Engineering Physics Cornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA Pulsed Power Sciences Center Sandia National LaboratoriesAlbuquerqueNMUSA

Real-time time-dependent density functional theory(TDDFT)is presently the most accurate available method for computing electronic stopping powers from first ***,obtaining application-relevant results often involves either costly averages over multiple calculations or ad hoc selection of a representative ion *** consider a broadly applicable,quantitative metric for evaluating and optimizing trajectories in this *** methodology enables rigorous analysis of the failure modes of various common trajectory choices in crystalline *** randomly selecting trajectories is common practice in stopping power calculations in solids,we show that nearly 30%of random trajectories in an FCC aluminum crystal will not representatively sample the material over the time and length scales feasibly simulated with TDDFT,and unrepresentative choices incur errors of up to 60%.We also show that finite-size effects depend on ion trajectory via“ouroboros”effects beyond the prevailing plasmon-based interpretation,and we propose a cost-reducing scheme to obtain converged results even when expensive core-electron contributions preclude large *** work helps to mitigate poorly controlled approximations in first-principles stopping power calculations,allowing 1–2 order of magnitude cost reductions for obtaining representatively averaged and converged results.

关键词： size prevailing selecting

Invariant natural killer T cells contribute to chronic-plus-binge ethanol-mediated liver injury by promoting hepatic neutrophil infiltration

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2016年第2期13卷 206-216页

作者： stephanie Mathews Dechun Feng Igor Maricic Cynthia Ju Vipin Kumar Bin Gao Laboratory of Liver Diseases National institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD USA Laboratory of Autoimmunity Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies San Diego CA USA Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Integrated Immunology University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora CO USA

Neutrophil infiltration is a hallmark of alcoholic steatohepatitis; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We previously reported that chronic-plus-binge ethanol feeding synergistically induces hepatic recruitment of neutrophils, which contributes to liver injury. In this paper, we investigated the roles of invariant natural killer T （iNKT） cells in chronic-plus-binge ethanol feeding-induced hepatic neutrophil infiltration and liver injury. Wild-type and two strains of iNKT cell-deficient mice （CDld- and Ja18-deficient mice） were subjected to chronic-plus-binge ethanol feeding. Liver injury and inflammation were examined. Chronic-plus-binge ethanol feeding synergistically increased the number of hepatic iNKT cells and induced their activation, compared with chronic feeding or binge alone, iNKT cell-deficient mice were protected from chronic-plus-binge ethanol-induced hepatic neutrophil infiltration and liver injury. Moreover, chronic-plus-binge ethanol feeding markedly upregulated the hepatic expression of several genes associated with inflammation and neutrophil recruitment in wild-type mice, but induction of these genes was abrogated in iNKT cell-deficient mice. Importantly, several cytokines and chemokines （e.g., MIP-2, MIP-1, IL-4, IL-6 and osteopontin） involved in neutrophil infiltration were upregulated in hepatic NKT cells isolated from chronic-plus-binge ethanol-fed mice compared to pair-fed mice. Finally, treatment with CDld blocking antibody, which blocks iNKT cell activation, partially prevented chronic-plus-binge ethanol-induced liver injury and inflammation. Chronic-plus-binge ethanol feeding activates hepatic iNKT cells, which play a critical role in the development of early alcoholic liver injury, in part by releasing mediators that recruit neutrophils to the liver, and thus, iNKT cells represent a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of alcoholic liver disease.

关键词： alcoholic hepatitis CDld inflammation liver

Effective surveillance systems for vectorborne diseases in urban settings and translation of the data into action:a scoping review

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2018年第1期7卷 1039-1052页

作者： Florence Fournet Frederic Jourdain Emmanuel Bonnet stephanie Degroote Valery Ridde Infectious Diseases and Vectors Ecology GeneticsEvolution and Control(MIVEGEC)French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development911 Avenue AgropolisBP 6450134394 Montpellier Cedex 5France Resiliences French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development32 Avenue Henri Varagnat93140 BondyFrance University of Montreal Public Health Research Institute7101 avenue du ParcMontrealQuebecCanada Population and Development Center(CEPED) French National Research Institute for Sustainable DevelopmentUniversite Paris Sorbonne45rue des Saints Pères75006 ParisFrance

Background:Vector-borne diseases(VBDs)continue to represent a global threat,with“old”diseases like malaria,and“emergent”or“re-emergent”ones like Zika,because of an increase in international trade,demographic growth,and rapid *** this era of globalization,surveillance is a key element in controlling VBDs in urban settings,but surveillance alone cannot solve the problem.A review of experiences is of interest to examine other solution *** objectives were to assess the different means of VBD surveillance in urban environments,to evaluate their potential for supporting public health actions,and to describe the tools used for public health actions,the constraints they face,and the research and health action gaps to be *** body:For this scoping review we searched peer-reviewed articles and grey literature published between 2000 and *** tools were used for data coding and extraction.A quality assessment was done for each study reviewed,and descriptive characteristics and data on implementation process and transferability were analyzed in all *** screening 414 full-text articles,we retained a total of 79 articles for *** main targets of the articles were arboviral diseases(65.8%)and malaria(16.5%).The positive aspects of many studies fit within the framework of integrated vector *** awareness is considered a key to successful vector control *** and legislation can reinforce both empowerment and capacity *** can be achieved by collaboration within the health sector and with other *** is needed to develop well designed studies and new tools for surveillance and ***:The need for surveillance systems in urban settings in both developing and developed countries was *** face the same challenges relating to human,financial,and structural *** findings also constitute a wake-up call for governments,academia,funders,and World Health O

关键词： Vector-borne diseases Surveillance systems Urban health Scoping review