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Effect of Intensive Inorganic Fertilizer Application on Microbial Properties in a Paddy Soil of Subtropical China

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2011年第11期10卷 1758-1764页

作者： Klemens Ekschmitt stephanie I J Holzhauer Sabine Rauch Justus Liebig University IFZ-Department of Animal EcologyH.-Buff-Ring 26-32D-35392 GiessenGermany

A field experiment with rice-rice rotation was conducted since 2002 in southeast China for investigating the response of soil microbial properties to intensive nitrogen fertilizer application. The tested soil was a subtropical paddy soil derived from Quaternary red clay. Differences between treatments existed in different application rates of urea when the experiment was designed. Urea was applied in five rates, i.e., 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 U, equivalent to 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 times the local average amount of urea application （900 kg urea ha-~ yr-~, equivalent to 414 kg N ha-1 yr-~）. In 2007, soil total nitrogen, available nitrogen, and soil organic carbon contents were increased by 10.2-27.9, 8.0-16.0, and 10.2-30.6%, respectively, in treatments with urea application rates of 0.5 to 2 U compared to control （0 U）. Microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen were also increased by 3.1-30.8 and 1.3-13.9%, respectively, in treatments with urea application. Basal respiration in treatments with urea input were 9.4-29.1% higher than that in control. However, changes of bacterial functional diversity had different trends. Urea fertilization enhanced bacterial functional diversity until treatment of 1 U, but re-decreased it from treatment of 1.5 U. Principal components analysis indicated that there were intimate relationships among soil organic matter, nitrogen nutrient, microbial biomass, and respiration. Nevertheless, microbial diversity was related to soil moisture contents after urea application. We conclude here that the application of N fertilizer improved soil microbial biomass and respiratory activity. But, microbial diversity was reduced when excessive urea was applied in the tested paddy soil.

关键词： paddy soil intensive N application microbial properties microbial functional diversity red soil region

The Promise of Pharmacogenomics in ReducingToxicity During Acute Lymphoblastic LeukemiaMaintenance Treatment

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2017年第2期15卷 82-93页

作者： Shoshana Rudin Marcus Marable R. stephanie Huang Biological Sciences Division University of Chicago Chicago IL 60637 USA Department of Medicine University of Chicago Chicago IL 60637 USA

Pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia(ALL) affects a substantial number of children every year and requires a long and rigorous course of chemotherapy treatments in three stages, with the longest phase, the maintenance phase, lasting 2–3 years. While the primary drugs used in the maintenance phase, 6-mercaptopurine(6-MP) and methotrexate(MTX), are necessary for decreasing risk of relapse, they also have potentially serious toxicities, including myelosuppression, which may be life-threatening, and gastrointestinal toxicity. For both drugs, pharmacogenomic factors have been identified that could explain a large amount of the variance in toxicity between patients, and may serve as effective predictors of toxicity during the maintenance phase of ALL treatment.6-MP toxicity is associated with polymorphisms in the genes encoding thiopurine methyltransferase(TPMT), nudix hydrolase 15(NUDT15), and potentially inosine triphosphatase(ITPA), which vary between ethnic groups. Moreover, MTX toxicity is associated with polymorphisms in genes encoding solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1(SLCO1B1) and dihydrofolate reductase(DHFR). Additional polymorphisms potentially associated with toxicities for MTX have also been identified, including those in the genes encoding solute carrier family 19 member 1(SLC19A1)and thymidylate synthetase(TYMS), but their contributions have not yet been well quantified. It is clear that pharmacogenomics should be incorporated as a dosage-calibrating tool in pediatric ALL treatment in order to predict and minimize the occurrence of serious toxicities for these patients.

关键词： Acute lymphoblastic leukemia 6-Mercaptopurine Methotrexate Pharmacogenomics Maintenance therapy

The impact of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury on stem cell mobilization,migration,adhesion,and proliferation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第7期13卷 1125-1135页

作者： stephanie M.Parry Eric S.Peeples Department of Pediatrics University of Nebraska Medical Center

Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy continues to be a significant cause of death or neurodevelopmental delays despite standard use of therapeutic *** use of stem cell transplantation has recently emerged as a promising supplemental therapy to further improve the outcomes of infants with hypoxic-ischemic *** the injury,the brain releases several chemical mediators,many of which communicate directly with stem cells to encourage mobilization,migration,cell adhesion and *** manuscript reviews the biomarkers that are released from the injured brain and their interactions with stem cells,providing insight regarding how their upregulation could improve stem cell therapy by maximizing cell delivery to the injured tissue.

关键词： brain-derived neurotrophic hypoxia inducible erythropoietin factor matrix metalloproteinase neonatal stromal cell-derived vascular endothelial growth

Determining the mechanism behind yoga’s effects on preventing the symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第2期15卷 261-262页

作者： Adithy Hassan Meghan Robinson stephanie M. Willerth Division of Medical Sciences 3800 Finnerty RoadUniversity of VictoriaVictoriaBritish ColumbiaCanada The Vancouver Prostate Centre VancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada Department of Mechanical Engineering University of VictoriaVictoriaBritish ColumbiaCanadaCentre for Biomedical ResearchUniversity of VictoriaVictoriaBritish ColumbiaCanadaInternational Collaboration on Repair DiscoveriesUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada

Background on the relationship between meditation/yoga practice and its effect on Alzheimer's disease (AD): Dementia refers to a variety of conditions that affect the normal function of the brain, leading to symptoms like memory loss, issues with problem solving, difficulty in processing thoughts and disordered language (McKhann et al., 2011).

关键词： effects yoga Alzheimer's disease

Do In terest Rate Liberalizati on and Fin tech Mix?Impact on Shadow Deposits in China

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China & World Economy 2020年第1期28卷 4-22页

作者： stephanie Chan Yang Ji Department of Finance School of Economics and WISEXiamen University Department of Finance School of Economics and Gregory and Paula Chow Center for Economics ResearchXiamen University

In this paper we attempt to characterize the stability of shadow deposits in China with interest rate liberalization and fintech *** emphasize that shadow banks provide higher but riskier returns and such characteristics affect the stability of shadow *** our setting,the stability of shadow deposits is influenced by two offsetting effects,namely:the patience effect,which makes investors more willing to wait because of the potentially higher returns;and the uncertainty effect,which makes investors more likely to withdraw as a result of higher *** liberalized interest rates,the patience effect will erode and the uncertainty effect will be heightened because the post-liberalization higher return of traditional banks undermines the importance of the extra return of shadow deposits to depositors,while preserving the importance of the risk *** development is modeled as a reduction in the withdrawal cost that facilitates *** affects the stability of shadow deposits because of their wider fintech *** should be cautious in pushing interest rate liberalization andfintech application alongside building a safety net for shadow banking.

关键词： bank run fintech interest rate liberalization shadow banking

A role for dihydrotestosterone treatment in older men？

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2011年第2期13卷 199-200页

作者： Mara Y Roth stephanie T Page University of Washington Medical Center 1959 NEPacific St Box 357138 Seattle WA 98195 USA

Androgens play a vital role in the main- tenance of health in normal *** supports bone development and strength, provides anabolic effects for maintenance of lean muscle mass, and contributes to normal sexual function... 详细信息

关键词： Androgens Men Health Testosterone Experimentation Growth Aging Uses Associations Prostate

Innate immune recognition and modulation in hepatitis D virus infection

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第21期26卷 2781-2791页

作者： stephanie Jung Sebastian Maximilian Altstetter Ulrike Protzer Institute of Virology Technical University of Munich/Helmholtz Zentrum MünchenMunich D-81675Germany German Center for Infection Research(DZIF) Munich Partner SiteMunich D-81675Germany

Hepatitis D virus(HDV)is a global health threat with more than 15 million humans *** treatment options are largely unsatisfactory leaving chronically infected humans at high risk to develop liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular *** is the only human satellite virus *** encodes only two proteins,and requires Hepatitis B virus(HBV)envelope protein expression for productive virion release and spread of the *** HDV could evolve and why HBV was selected as a helper virus remains *** the discovery of Na+-taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide as the essential uptake receptor for HBV and HDV,we are beginning to understand the interactions of HDV and the immune *** HBV is mostly regarded a stealth virus,that escapes innate immune recognition,HBV-HDV coinfection is characterized by a strong innate immune *** RNA sensor melanoma differentiation antigen 5 has been reported to recognize HDV RNA replication and activate innate *** immunity,however,seems not to impair HDV replication while it inhibits *** this review,we describe what is known up-to-date about the interplay between HBV as a helper and HDV’s immune evasion strategy and identify where additional research is required.

关键词： Hepatitis D virus Hepatitis B virus Innate immunity Pathogen-associated molecular pattern molecules Immune evasion Immunosuppression

Current therapy of hilar cholangiocarcinoma

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2012年第1期11卷 12-17页

作者： stephanie Hiu Yan Lau Wan Yee Lau Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong

BACKGROUND: Hilar cholangiocarcinoma (HC) is an adeno-carcinoma of the extrahepatic biliary tree arising from the main left or right hepatic ducts or their confluence. This tumor is still considered to be difficult to treat or to cure. DATA SOURCES: We reviewed the medical literature on HC. Relevant and updated information on this tumor was analyzed in a concise and easy-to-read manner. The article is not intended to be a systematic review, but an extensive search was conducted on PubMed and MEDLINE using the keywords 'hilar cholangiocarcinoma' and 'Klatskin tumor' until July 2011. RESULTS: The selection and the timing of management options for patients with HC are determined by the degree of certainty of the diagnosis, the general condition of the patients, the underlying liver function and the stage of the disease. Current treatment of HC can be divided into curative and palliative treatment. For the curative treatment, local excision should only be used on small tumors which are confined to the bile duct wall and Bismuth I papillary carcinoma. Partial hepatectomy should be combined with caudate lobe resection and porta-hepatis lymph node dissection. The results of these major resections can be improved with portal vein embolization, and staging laparoscopy and laparoscopic ultrasound. The role of preoperative biliary drainage is controversial. Autotransplantation for HC gave disappointing results while the Mayo Protocol of chemoradiation for selecting patients with unresectable HC for orthotopic liver transplantation has been widely accepted. Palliative treatment included bypass surgery, endoscopic or percutaneous stenting, photodynamic therapy, intraluminal brachytherapy, and external radiation and systemic therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Adequate surgery with R0 resection should be the main goal of treatment. For patients with unresectable HC, treatment aims to improve the quality and quantity of their survival.

关键词： hilar cholangiocarcinoma Klatskin tumor resection liver transplantation palliative treatment

Associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy： the current role and development

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2017年第1期16卷 17-26页

作者： Wan Yee Lau Eric CH Lai stephanie HY Lau Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin New Territories Department of Surgery Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital Department of Surgery Queen Elizabeth Hospital Hong Kong China

BACKGROUND： Associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy （ALPPS） has recently been developed to induce rapid liver hypertrophy and reduce posthepatectomy liver failure in patients with insufficient future liver remnant （FLR）. ALPPS is still considered to be in an early developmental phase because surgical indications and techniques have not been standardized. This article aimed to review the current role and future developments of ALPPS. DATA SOURCES： Studies were identified by searching MED- LINE and PubMed for articles from January 2007 to October 2016 using the keywords ＂associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy＂ and ＂ALPPS＂ Addi- tional papers were identified by a manual search of references from key articles. RESULTS： ALPPS induces more hypertrophy of the FLR in less time than portal vein embolization or portal vein ligation. The benefits of ALPPS include rapid hypertrophy 47%-110% of the liver over a median of 6-16.4 days, and 95%-100% com- pletion rate of the second stage of ALPPS. The main criticisms of ALPPS are centered on its high morbidity and mortality rates. Morbidity rates after ALPPS have been reported to be 15.3%-100%, with ≥ the Clavien-Dindo grade III morbidity of 13.6%-44%. Mortality rates have been reported to be 0%-29%. The important questions to ask even if oncologic long-term results are acceptable are： whether the gain in quality and quantity of life can be off balance by the substantial risks of morbidity and mortality, and whether stimulation of rapid liver hypertrophy also accelerates rapid tumor progression and spread. Up till now, the documentations of the ALPPS procedure come mainly from case series, and most of these series include heterogeneous groups of malignancies. The numbers are also too small to separately evaluate survival for different tumor etiologies. CONCLUSIONS： Currently, knowledge on ALPPS is limited, and prospective randomized studies are lacking. From th

关键词： associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy portal vein embolization laparoscopy colorectal liver metastases hepatocellular carcinoma