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Consequences of coinfection with protective symbionts on the host phenotype and symbiont titres in the pea aphid system

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Insect Science 2017年第5期24卷 798-808页

作者： Melanie Leclair Sarah Polin thibaut Jousseaume Jean-Christophe Simon Akiko Sugio stephanie Morliere Takema Fukatsu Tsutomu Tsuchida Yannick Outreman IGEPP Agrocampus Ouest INRA Universite de Rennes 1 Universite Bretagne-Loire Rennes France IGEPP Agrocampus OuestINRA Universit6 de Rennes 1 Le Rheu France Bioproduction research Institute AIST Tsukuba Japan Graduate School of Science and Engineering University of Toyama Toyama Japan

Symbiotic associations between microbes and insects are widespread, and it is frequent that several symbionts share the same host individual. Hence, interactions can occur between these symbionts, influencing their respective abundance within the host with consequences on its phenotype. Here, we investigate the effects of multiple infections in the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisurn, which is the host of an obligatory and several facultative symbionts. In particular, we study the influence of a coinfection with 2 protective symbionts： Harniltonella defensa, which confers protection against parasitoids, and rickettsiella viridis, which provides protection against fungal pathogens and predators. the effects of Hamiltonella-rickettsiella coinfection on the respective abundance of the symbionts, host fitness and efficacy of enemy protection were studied. Asymmetrical interactions between the 2 protective symbionts have been found： when they coinfect the same aphid individuals, the rickettsiella infection affected Hamiltonella abundance within hosts but not the Hamiltonella-mediated protective phenotype while the Hamiltonella infection negatively influences the rickettsiella-mediated protective phenotype but not its abundance. Harboring the 2 protective symbionts also reduced the survival and fecundity of host individuals. Overall, this work highlights the effects of multiple infections on symbiont abundances and host traits that are likely to impact the maintenance of the symbiotic associations in natural habitats.

关键词： Acyrthosiphon pisum Hamiltonella defensa host fitness multiple infections protective symbionts symbiont abundance

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Higher testosterone levels are associated with increased highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol in men with cardiovascular disease： results from the Massachusetts Male Aging Study

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2008年第2期10卷 193-200页

作者： stephanie T. Page Beth A. Mohr Carol L. Link Amy B. O＇Oonnell William J. Bremner John B. McKinlay Department of Medicine University of Washington Seattle 98195 USA New England research Institutes Watertown 02472 USA

Aim： To study the relationship between circulating androgens （total testosterone [tt], free testosterone [IT] and dihydrotestosterone [DHT]） and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C） in men with and without cardiovascular disease （CVD）. Methods： Cross-sectional analyses included 1 661 baseline samples from the Massachusetts Male Aging Study （MMAS）, a population-based cohort of men ages 40-70 years. Serum hormones were measured by radioimmunoassay and HDL-C was determined following precipitation of the lower density lipoproteins. CVD was determined by self-report. Analyses were performed using multiple linear regression. results： tt and HDL-C were positively correlated in the entire sample （r = 0.11, P = 0.0001）. After adjusting for confounders, we found this relationship was mostly limited to the 209 men with CVD. Among men with CVD, tt （P = 0.0004）, iT （P = 0.0172） and DHT （P = 0.0128） were all positively correlated with HDL-C, whereas in men without CVD only tt correlated with HDL-C （P = 0.0099）. Conclusion： Our results suggest that if androgens contribute to CVD in middle-aged men, the effect is not related to a suppressive effect of endogenous T on HDL-C. （Asian JAndrol 2008 Mar; 10： 193-200）

关键词： testosterone high-density lipoprotein cholesterol androgens epidemiology

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