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Dynamic glial response and crosstalk in demyelination-remyelination and neurodegeneration processes

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neural Regeneration Research 2021年第7期16卷 1359-1368页

作者： Tianci Chu Lisa B.E.Shields Wenxin Zeng Yi Ping Zhang Yuanyi Wang gregory n.Barnes Christopher B.Shields Jun Cai Pediatric Research Institute Department of PediatricsUniversity of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKYUSA norton neuroscience Institute Norton HealthcareLouisvilleKYUSA Department of Spine Surgery The First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunJilin ProvinceChina Department of neurology University of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKYUSA Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA Department of neurological Surgery University of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKYUSA

Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks the myelin sheath in the central nervous *** is characterized by blood-brain barrier dysfunction throughout the course of multiple sclerosis, followed by the entry of immune cells and activation of local microglia and *** cells(microglia, astrocytes, and oligodendrocyte lineage cells) are known as the important mediators of neuroinflammation, all of which play major roles in the pathogenesis of multiple *** communications between glial cells affect the activities of oligodendrocyte lineage cells and influence the demyelination-remyelination process.A finely balanced glial response may create a favorable lesion environment for efficient remyelination and *** review focuses on glial response and neurodegeneration based on the findings from multiple sclerosis and major rodent demyelination *** particular, glial interaction and molecular crosstalk are discussed to provide insights into the potential cell-and molecule-specific therapeutic targets to improve remyelination and neuroregeneration.

关键词： astrocyte crosstalk demyelination glial response microglia/macrophage multiple sclerosis neurodegeneration neuroinflammation oligodendrocyte lineage cells remyelination

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Charge disproportionation and site-selective local magnetic moments in the post-perovskite-type Fe_(2)O_(3) under ultra-high pressures

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npj Computational Materials 2019年第1期5卷 345-351页

作者： Ivan Leonov gregory Kh.Rozenberg Igor A.Abrikosov M.n.Miheev Institute of Metal Physics Russian Academy of Sciences620137 YekaterinburgRussia Materials Modeling and Development Laboratory National University of Science and Technology‘MISIS’119049 MoscowRussia School of Physics and Astronomy Tel Aviv University69978 Tel AvivIsrael Department of Physics Chemistry and Biology(IFM)Linköping UniversitySE-58183 LinköpingSweden

The archetypal 3d Mott insulator hematite,Fe_(2)O_(3),is one of the basic oxide components playing an important role in mineralogy of Earth’s lower *** high pressure-temperature behavior,such as the electronic properties,equation of state,and phase stability is of fundamental importance for understanding the properties and evolution of the Earth’s ***,we study the electronic structure,magnetic state,and lattice stability of Fe_(2)O_(3)at ultra-high pressures using the density functional plus dynamical mean-field theory(DFT+DMFT)*** the vicinity of a Mott transition,Fe_(2)O_(3) is found to exhibit a series of complex electronic,magnetic,and structural *** particular,it makes a phase transition to a metal with a post-perovskite crystal structure and site-selective local moments upon compression above 75 *** show that the site-selective phase transition is accompanied by a charge disproportionation of Fe ions,with Fe^(3±δ)and δ~0.05–0.09,implying a complex interplay between electronic correlations and the *** results suggest that site-selective local moments in Fe_(2)O_(3) persist up to ultra-high pressures of~200–250 GPa,i.e.,sufficiently above the core-mantle *** latter can have important consequences for understanding of the velocity and density anomalies in the Earth’s lower mantle.

关键词： magnetic local high

Endophytic fungi alter sucking bug responses to cotton reproductive structures

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Insect Science 2017年第6期24卷 1003-1014页

作者： gregory A. Sword Ashley Tessnow Maria Julissa Ek-Ramos Department of Entomology Texas A&M University College Station Texas USA Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Interdisciplinary Program Texas A&M University College Station Texas USA Laboratorio de Inmunologia y Virologia Facultad de Ciencias BiolSgicas Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon San Nicolas de los Garza Nuevo Leon Mexico

All plants including cotton host a wide range of microorganisms as endophytes. There is a growing appreciation of the prevalence, ecological significance and management potential of facultative fungal endophytes in protecting plants from pests, pathogens and environmental stressors. Hemipteran sucking bugs have emerged as major pests across the U.S. cotton belt, reducing yields directly by feeding on developing reproductive structures and indirectly by vectoring plant pathogens. We used no-choice and simultaneous choice assays to examine the host selection behavior of western tarnished plant bugs （Lygus hesperus） and southern green stink bugs （nezara viridula） in response to developing flower buds and fruits from cotton plants colonized by 1 of 2 candidate beneficial fungal endophytes, Phialemonium inflatum or Beauveria bassiana. Both insect species exhibited strong negative responses to flower buds （L. hesperus） and fruits （n. viridula） from plants that had been colonized by candidate endophytic fungi relative to control plants under both no-choice and choice conditions. Behavioral responses of both species indicated that the insects were deterred prior to contact with plant tissues from endophyte-colonized plants, suggesting a putative role for volatile compounds in mediating the negative response. Our results highlight the role of fungal endophytes as plant mutualists that can have positive effects on plant resistance to pests.

关键词： behavior endophyte fungi Hemiptera mutualism sucking bug

Median arcuate ligament syndrome often poses a diagnostic challenge: A literature review with a scope of our own experience

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2023年第6期15卷 1048-1055页

作者： Alexandros Giakoustidis Stavros Moschonas gregory Christodoulidis Danae Chourmouzi Anna Diamantidou Sophia Masoura Eleni Louri Vasileios n Papadopoulos Dimitrios Giakoustidis Department of Surgery General Hospital PapageorgiouAristotle University of ThessalonikiThessaloniki 56429Greece Fifth Department of Surgery Interbalkan European Medical CentreThessaloniki 55535Greece Department of General Surgery University Hospital of LarissaLarissa 41110Greece

The median arcuate ligament syndrome(MALS)is recognized as a rare clinical entity,characterized by chronic post-prandial abdominal pain,nausea,vomiting,and unintentional weight *** to its vague symptomatology,it is mainly regarded as a diagnosis of *** can often be misdiagnosed for several years before a correct diagnosis is established,also due to a medical team’s clinical *** present a case series of two patients who suffered from MALS and were treated *** first patient is a 32-year-old woman,presenting with post-prandial abdominal pain and weight loss that have lasted for the past ten *** second patient,a 50-year-old woman,presented with similar symptomatology,with the symptoms lasting for the last five *** cases were treated by laparoscopic division of the median arcuate ligament fibers,which alleviated extrinsic pressure from the celiac *** cases of MALS were retrieved from PubMed,to assemble a better diagnostic algorithm and propose a treatment method of *** literature review suggests an angiography with a respiratory variation protocol as the diagnostic modality of choice,along with the laparoscopic division of the median arcuate ligament fibers as the proposed treatment of choice.

关键词： Median arcuate ligament syndrome Dunbar syndrome Celiac trunk compression syndrome Celiac artery compression syndrome Case series Review

Quantizing Euclidean Motions via Double-Coset Decomposition

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Research 2019年第1期2019卷 525-540页

作者： Christian Wülker Sipu Ruan.gregory S.Chirikjian Johns Hopkins University BaltimoreMDUSA Department of Mechanical Engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore

Concepts from mathematical crystallography and group theory are used here to quantize the group of rigid-body motions,resulting in a“motion alphabet”with which robot motion primitives are *** these primitives it is possible to develop a dictionary of physical *** with an alphabet of the sort developed here,intelligent actions of robots in the world can be approximated with fnite sequences of characters,thereby forming the foundation of a language in which robot motion is *** particular,we use the discrete handedness-preserving symmetries of macromolecular crystals(known in mathematical crystallography as Sohncke space groups)to form a coarse discretization of the space SE(3)of rigid-body *** discretization is made fner by subdividing using the concept of double-coset *** specifcally,a very efcient,equivolumetric quantization of spatial motion can be defned using the group-theoretic concept of a double-coset decomposition of the formΓ\SE(3)/Δ,whereΓis a Sohncke space group andΔis a fnite group of rotational symmetries such as those of the *** resulting discrete alphabet is based on a very uniform sampling of SE(3)and is a tool for describing the continuous trajectories of robots and *** efcient coarse-to-fne search algorithm is presented to round of any motion sampled from the continuous group of motions to the nearest element of our *** is shown that our alphabet and this efcient rounding algorithm can be used as a geometric data structure to accelerate the performance of other sampling schemes designed for desirable dispersion or discrepancy ***,the general“signals to symbols”problem in artifcial intelligence is cast in this framework for robots moving continuously in the world.

关键词： robot primitive thereby

Facile synthesis of nanosized sodium magnesium hydride,naMgH3

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Progress in natural Science:Materials International 2013年第3期23卷 343-350页

作者： Hazel Reardon natalia Mazur Duncan H.gregory WestCHEM School of ChemistryJoseph Black BuildingUniversity of GlasgowGlasgow G12 8QQ ScotlandUK Department of Materials Science and Engineering Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyN-7491 TrondheimNorway

The ternary magnesium hydride naMgH 3 has been synthesised via reactive milling *** method employed neither a reactive H2 atmosphere nor high pressure sintering or other post-treatment *** formation of the ternary hydride was studied as a function of milling time and ball:powder *** purity naMgH 3 powder(orthorhombic space group Pnma,a 5.437(2),b 7.705(5),c 5.477(2) ;Z 4) was prepared in 5 h at high ball:powder ratios and characterised by powder X-ray diffraction(PXD),Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(SEM/EDX).The products formed sub-micron scale(typically 200-400 nm in size) crystallites that were approximately isotropic in *** dehydrogenation behaviour of the ternary hydride was investigated by temperature programmed desorption(TPD).The nanostructured hydride releases hydrogen in two steps with an onset temperature for the first step of 513 K.

关键词： Hydride Mechanochemistry Structure Hydrogen storage Raman

Colorectal cancer surveillance:What's new and what's next?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第8期20卷 1887-1897页

作者： Johnie Rose Knut Magne Augestad gregory S Cooper Department of Family Medicine and Community Health Case Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOH 44106United States Case Comprehensive Cancer Center Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOH 44106United States norwegian national Centre of Telemedicine and Integrated Care University Hospitals North NorwayN-9038 Troms?Norway Seidman Cancer Center University Hospitals Case Medical CenterClevelandOH 44106United States Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Disease University Hospitals Case Medical CenterClevelandOH 44106United States

The accumulated evidence from two decades of randomized controlled trials has not yet resolved the question of how best to monitor colorectal cancer(CRC)survivors for early detection of recurrent and metachronous disease or even whether doing so has its intended effect.A new wave of trial data in the coming years and an evolving knowledge of relevant biomarkers may bring us closer to understanding what surveillance strategies are most effective for a given subset of *** best apply these insights,a number of important research questions need to be addressed,and new decision making tools must be *** this review,we summarize available randomized controlled trial evidence comparing alternative surveillance testing strategies,describe ongoing trials in the area,and compare professional society recommendations for *** addition,we discuss innovations relevant to CRC surveillance and outline a research agenda which will inform a more risk-stratified and personalized approach to follow-up.

关键词： Colorectal cancer Surveillance Follow-up Recurrence Relapse Survivorship

Tumor-associated methylation of the putative tumor suppressor AJAP1 gene and association between decreased AJAP1 expression and shorter survival in patients with glioma

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Chinese Journal of Cancer 2011年第4期30卷 247-253页

作者： David Cogdell Woonbok Chung Yuexin Liu J. Matthew McDonald Kenneth Aldape Jean-Pierre J. Issa gregory n. Fuller Wei Zhang Department of Pathology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston Texas 77030 USA Department of Leukemia The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston Texas 77030 USA.

Allelic loss of the short arm of chromosome 1 has been observed frequently in a wide spectrum of cancers,most frequently in *** our previous studies,we evaluated 177 oligodendroglial tumor samples and identified the AJAP1 gene(formerly Shrew1) in the consensus region of ***1 is a transmembrane protein found in adheren junctions and functions to inhibit glioma cell adhesion and *** a putative tumor suppressor gene,we did not detect AJAP1 gene *** subsequent studies,we found that AJAP1 was underexpressed in oligodendrogliomas relative to normal brain *** analysis revealed the presence of CpG islands in the promoter of *** analysis of the AJAP1 promoter identified hypermethylation in 21% of oligodendrogliomas(n = 27),and the degree of methylation correlated with low levels of AJAP1 expression(P = 0.045).The AJAP1 promoter was also highly methylated in a wide spectrum of cell lines(n = 22),including cell lines of *** of the national Cancer Institute's REMBRAnDT dataset,which contains 343 glioma samples,indicated that low AJAP1 gene expression was associated with decreased ***,both genetic(gene deletion) and epigenetic alterations(promoter methylation) are likely mechanisms that inactivate the putative tumor suppressor AJAP1 in gliomas,which contributes to poor prognosis.

关键词：甲基化分析脑胶质瘤抑癌基因 P1基因肿瘤患者协会少突胶质细胞

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Stability study on an anti-cancer drug 4-(3,5-bis(2-chlorobenzylidene)-4-oxo-piperidine-1-yl)-4-oxo-2-butenoic acid (CLEFMA) using a stabilityindicating HPLC method

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2017年第1期7卷 1-9页

作者： Dhawal Raghuvanshi gregory nkepang Alamdar Hussain Hooman Yari Vibhudutta Awasthi Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Oklahoma Health Science Center 1110 N. Stonewall Avenue Oklahoma City OK 73117 USA

CLEFMA, 4-(3,5-bis(2-chlorobenzylidene)-4-oxo-piperidine-1-yl)-4-oxo-2-butenoic acid, is a new chemical entity with anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities. Here, we report its stability in solution against stress conditions of exposure to acid/base, light, oxidant, high temperature, and plasma. The identity of the degradation products was ascertained by mass and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. To facilitate this study, we developed and validated a reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography method for detection of CLEFMA and its degradation. The method was linear over a range of 1–100 μg/m L; the accuracy and precision were within acceptable limits; it was stability-indicating as it successfully separated cis-/trans-isomers of CLEFMA as well as its degradation product. The major degradation product was produced from amide hydrolysis at maleic acid functionality caused by an acidic buffer, oxidant(3% hydrogen peroxide),or temperature stress(40–60 °C). The log k-p H profile showed that CLEFMA was most stable at neutral p H. In accelerated stability study we found that the shelf-life(T_(90%)) of CLEFMA at 25 °C and 4 °C was 45 days and220 days, respectively. Upon exposure to UV-light(365 nm), the normally prevalent trans-CLEFMA attained cis-configuration. This isomerization also involved the maleic acid moiety. CLEFMA was stable in plasma from which it could be efficiently extracted by an acetonitrile precipitation method. These results indicate that CLEFMA is sensitive to hydrolytic cleavage at its maleic acid moiety, and it is recommended that its samples should be stored under refrigerated and light-free conditions, and under inert environment.

关键词： CLEFMA HPLC Stability Shelf-life Isomerization

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