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Regulating Neuronal Hyper-Excitability and Hyper-Synchrony in Epileptic Patients by Using PUFA, Calcium and ATP Buffering

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Journal of Mathematics and System Science 2014年第2期4卷 116-126页

作者： Kodwo Annan Bryan Banfill stephanie brock Department of Mathematics & Computer Science Minot State University Department of Science Minot State University

Epilepsy is a severe neurological disorder clinically identified by hyper-excitability and/or hyper-synchrony in the cortex and other subcortical regions of the brain. To regulate such excitability and synchrony, Hodgkin and Huxley model has been deployed with either PUFA or calcium buffering coupled with ATP modulate neurotransmitter release. We formulate and analyze a system of differential equations that describe the effects of PUFA, ATP, and calcium buffering in regulating neuronal hyper-excitability and hyper-synchrony in epileptic patients. We observed that PUFA had diverse effects on the gating variables. Specifically, there was a significant reduction in the inhibitory potency of PUFA on the m-gates which may cause a direct inhibition of the voltage-gated Na＋ channels and thus reduce neuronal excitability in epileptic patients. Also, the activation of the potassium channels by PUFA directly limited the neuronal hyper-excitability, while a small change in voltage potential coupled with PUFA restraint activated the voltage dependent ion channels which aided in lowering epileptic excitability in patients. In addition, higher ATP buffer levels in the presence of PUFA caused a significant hyperpolarization which may decrease neuronal excitability while lower ATP level initiated neuron depolarization. These results clearly suggest that PUFA coupled with calcium and ATP buffering could be used to modulate neuronal excitability excessive synchrony in epileptic patients.

关键词： PUFA Calcium & ATP buffering mathematical model neuronal excitability.

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Tameness does not correlate with the learning of an appetitive association in a wild canid

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Current Zoology 2019年第1期65卷 61-65页

作者： Matthew B. Petelle stephanie Periquet Aliza le Roux Department of Zoology and Entomology University of Free State Qwaqwa Campus Private Bag X13 Phuthaditjhaba Free State 9866 South Africa

Individual differe nces in cog nition have been shown to be common in some animal taxa, and recent evidenee suggests that an individual's personality can be associated with an individuads cognitive strategy. We tested whether wild bat-eared foxes Otocyon megalotis differ in a risktaking behavior (tameness) and whether this trait correlated with appetitive association learning performanee. While our result shows that individuals differed in their tameness, we found no associati on between this personality trait and learning the appetitive association. This result does not support the framework that differe nces in cog nition are associated with differe nces in personality;however, our small sample size does not allow us to assert that pers on ality can not be associated with cog nition in this system. This study highlights that measuri ng cog nition and pers on ality in wild systems presents added difficulty and that correlations found in captive animals may not be evident in their wild counterparts.

关键词： carnivore cognition bat-eared fox personality Individuals

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