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Thr.e-dimensional str.ctur.d on-chip stacked zone plates for.nanoscale X-r.y imaging with high efficiency

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Nano r.sear.h 2014年第4期7卷 528-535页

作者： stephan Wer.er.Stefan r.hbein Peter.Guttmann Ger. Schneider Helmholtz-Zentr.m Ber.in fur.Mater.alien und Ener.ie GmbH Institute for Soft Matter and Functional Materials Albert-Einstein-Straβe15 12489 Berlin Germany

Fr.snel zone plates ar. the key optical elements for.nanoscale focusing of X-r.y beams with high spatial r.solution. Conventional zone plates manufactur.d by planar.nanotechnology pr.cesses ar. limited by the achievable aspect r.tios of their.zone str.ctur.s. Additionally, ultr.-high r.solution X-r.y optics with high efficiency r.quir.s thr.e-dimensional （3-D） shaped tilted zones. The combination of high spatial r.solution and high diffr.ction efficiency is a fundamental pr.blem in X-r.y optics. Based on electr.dynamical simulations, we find that the optimized zone plate pr.file for.volume diffr.ction is given by zone str.ctur.s with r.dially incr.asing tilt angles and decr.asing zone heights. On-chip stacking per.its the r.alization of such advanced 3-D pr.files without significant loss of the maximum theor.tical efficiency. We developed tr.ple layer.on-chip stacked zone plates with an over.ay accur.cy of sub-2 nm which fulfills the nanofabr.cation r.quir.ments. Efficiency measur.ments of on-chip stacked zone plates show significantly incr.ased values compar.d to conventional zone plates.

关键词： X-r.y optics Fr.snel zone plates X-r.y imaging X-r.y micr.scopy volume diffr.ction

Diver.ity of wing patter.s and abdomen-gener.ted substr.te sounds in 3 Eur.pean scor.ionfly species

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Insect Science 2015年第4期22卷 521-531页

作者： Manfr.d Har.bauer.Johannes Gepp Kar.n Hinter.gger.stephan Koblmuller Institute of Zoology KarI-Franzens-University Graz Universitatsplatz 2 8010 Graz Institute for.Natur. Conser.ation Herdergasse 3 8010 Graz Austria

In the genus Panor.a （Insecta： Mecopter.）, also known as scor.ionflies, pr.- mating behavior.includes r.peated sequences of slow wing movements （waving, fanning, flagging） which ar. accompanied by r.pid abdomen vibr.tions that gener.te substantial substr.te-bor.e sound. It is still unknown whether.wing patter.s or.vibr.tor. signals contain infor.ation about species identity, sex and/or.the quality of potential mating par.- ner.. Besides species-specific pher.mones, these multimodal signals may be of par.icular.impor.ance for.the maintenance of r.pr.ductive isolation in sympatr.cally occur.ing scor. pionfly species. Her., we analyzed phyologenetic r.lationships among, and the patter. of for.wings as well as substr.te-bor.e sound in 3 differ.nt sympatr.c Centr.l-Eur.pean scor.ionfly species （P communis, P ger.anica, and P alpina）. Diver.ence time estimates, based on 879 bp of the mitochondr.al COI gene, indicate longstanding separ.te evolu- tionar. histor.es for.the studied Panor.a species. Mor.hological analysis r.vealed that wing length as an indicator.of body size incr.ased in the following or.er. P alpina 〈 P. ger.anica 〈 P. communis. Individuals can be assigned to the cor.ect species and sex with high accur.cy just by evaluation of the number.of dar. spots and the pr.por.ion of wing pigmentation. Despite high var.ability of inter.ulse per.od at an individual level, acr.ss species analysis r.vealed a positive cor.elation of aver.ge inter.ulse per.od as well as mean signal amplitude with for.wing length. These r.sults suggest wing patter.s, but less likely vibr.tor. signals, to contain infor.ation about species identity. Fur.her.or., r.ceiver. may be able to estimate the body size of a signaler.solely on the basis of substr.te-bor.e sound.

关键词： cour.ship signals laser.vibr.metr. phylogeny species r.cognition substr.te-bor.e sound wing patter.

Efficacy of Photobiomodulation for.Attention Deficit Hyper.ctivity Disor.er.(ADHD): Case Studies

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Wor.d Jour.al of Neur.science 2022年第3期12卷 136-143页

作者： William stephan Louis J. Banas William Br.er.ey Michael r. Hamblin Invision Health Buffalo NY USA Laser.Innovations Amherst NY USA Laser.r.sear.h Centr. Faculty of Health Science University of Johannesburg Doornfontein South Africa

Extensive r.sear.h has now been conducted and published for.the tr.atment of dementia or.Alzheimer.s disease, tr.umatic br.in injur. (TBI) and other.br.in disor.er. using photobiomodulation (PBM), also known as low-level laser.ther.py (LLLT). However. minimal infor.ation is available r.gar.ing the use of LLLT for.the tr.atment of Attention Deficit Hyper.ctivity Disor.er.(ADHD). We have been using LLLT in our.pr.ctice for.over.15 year. addr.ssing chr.nic pain and injur. issues. However. our.wor. with br.in injur.es is mor. r.cent, and we have published thr.e case studies, one descr.bing a ser.ous tr.umatic br.in injur. and two descr.bing our.success with dementia/Alzheimer.s disease and PTSD. Cur.ently, ther. is ver. little published evidence r.gar.ing efficacious ther.py for.ADHD. The case studies pr.sented her., suggest that LLLT can pr.vide alleviation of these symptoms, with some impr.vement r.por.ed after.just a single tr.atment, without any need for.phar.aceutical inter.ention.

关键词： Photobiomodulation Mitochondr.a Attention Deficit Hyper.ctivity Disor.er Low Level Laser.Ther.py (LLLT) Case Studies

Age and ovar.an development ar. r.lated to wor.er.per.onality and task allocation in the ant Leptothor.x acer.or.m

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Cur.ent Zoology 2014年第3期60卷 392-400页

作者： stephan KIOHBANDNEr.Andr.as P. MODLMEIEr.Susanne FOITZIK Institute of Zoology University of Regensburg Regensburg Germany Depar.ment Biology II Ludwig Maximilian University Munich Planegg-Martinsried Germany Institute of Zoology Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Germany Depar.ment of Biological Sciences University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15260 U.S.A.

In social insects, wor.er. of differ.nt mor.hological castes and age ar. known to act differ.ntly. Yet, it is unclear.how body size and ovar.an development influence wor.er.per.onalities （i.e. consistent behavior.l var.ation） and task allocation in similar.aged ant wor.er. of monomor.hic species. Behavior.l var.ation is thought to be a key element of division of labor. but few studies have linked wor.er.per.onality to task allocation. We investigated individual behavior.in Leptothor.x acer.or.m ant wor.er. at two time points dur.ng the fir.t thr.e months of their.life and in two differ.nt settings. We obser.ed wor.er.behavior.in the nest （i.e. task allocation） and in standar.ized aggr.ssion, explor.tion and br.od car. exper.ments （i.e. per.onality） and found behavior.l r.peatability in for.ging and explor.tion. Fur.her. wor.er. acted consistently acr.ss settings： wor.er. with a mor. ag gr.ssive and explor.tor. per.onality type wer. mor. active in the nest. Mor.over. ovar.an development was associated with wor.er.per.onality and task allocation： older.wor.er. with welldeveloped ovar.es for.ged less, but wer. mor. aggr.ssive and explor.tor.. In accor.ance with the typical agepolyethism of social insects, wor.er. became mor. active and for.ged mor. as they gr.w older. Consequently, our.study suggests that task allocation in Leptothor.x acer.or.m is not only influenced by ovar. an development and age, but mor.over.by the per.onalities of its wor.er. .

关键词： Per.onality Behavior.l syndr.me Division of labor Ovar.an development For.ging Social insects

Par.icle-Image Velocimetr. and For.e Measur.ments of Leading-Edge Ser.ations on Owl-Based Wing Models

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Jour.al of Bionic Engineer.ng 2014年第3期11卷 423-438页

作者： Andr.a Winzen Benedikt r.idl stephan Klan Michael Klaas Wolfgang Schr.der Institute of Aer.dynamics RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany

High-r.solution Par.icle-Image Velocimetr. （PIV） and time-r.solved for.e measur.ments wer. per.or.ed to analyze the impact of the comb-like str.ctur. on the leading edge of bar. owl wings on the flow field and over.ll aer.dynamic per.or.ance. The r.ynolds number.was var.ed in the r.nge of 40,000 to 120,000 and the r.nge of angle of attack was 0° to 6° for.the PIV and -15° to ＋20° for.the for.e measur.ments to cover.the full flight envelope of the owl. As a r.fer.nce, a wind-tunnel model which possessed a geometr. based on the shape of a typical bar. owl wing without any owl-specific adaptations was built, and measur.ments wer. per.or.ed in the afor.mentioned r.ynolds number.and angle of attack： r.nge. This clean wing model shows a separ.tion bubble in the distal par. of the wing at higher.angles of attack. Two types of comb-like str.ctur.s, i.e., ar.ificial ser.ations, wer. manufactur.d to model the owl＇s leading edge with r.spect to its length, thickness, and mater.al pr.per.ies. The ar.ificial str.ctur.s wer. able to r.duce the size of the separ.tion r.gion and additionally cause a mor. unifor. size of the vor.ical str.ctur.s shed by the separ.tion bubble within the r.ynolds number.r.nge investigated, r.sulting in stable gliding flight independent of the flight velocity. However. due to incr.ased dr.g coefficients in conjunction with similar.lift coefficients, the over.ll aer.dynamic per.or.ance, i.e., lift-to-dr.g r.tio is r.duced for.the ser.ated models. Never.heless, especially at lower.r.ynolds number. the stabilizing effect of the unifor. vor.ex size outper.or.s the lower.aer.dynamic per.or.ance.

关键词： leading-edge ser.ations par.icle-image velocimetr. owl-based wing models

The Open Quantum Mater.als Database (OQMD): assessing the accur.cy of DFT for.ation ener.ies

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npj Computational Mater.als 2015年第1期1卷 15-29页

作者： Scott Kir.lin James E Saal Br.ce Mer.dig Alex Thompson Jeff W Doak Mur.tahan Aykol stephan r.hl Chr.s Wolver.on Depar.ment of Mater.als Science and Engineer.ng Northwestern UniversityEvanstonILUSA FIZ Kar.sr.he—Leibniz Institute for.Infor.ation Infr.str.ctur. Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany

The Open Quantum Mater.als Database(OQMD)is a high-thr.ughput database cur.ently consisting of near.y 300,000 density functional theor.(DFT)total ener.y calculations of compounds fr.m the Inor.anic Cr.stal Str.ctur. Database(ICSD)and decor.tions of commonly occur.ing cr.stal *** maximise the impact of these data,the entir. database is being made available,without r.str.ctions,at ***/*** this paper.we outline the str.ctur. and contents of the database,and then use it to evaluate the accur.cy of the calculations ther.in by compar.ng DFT pr.dictions with exper.mental measur.ments for.the stability of all elemental gr.und-state str.ctur.s and 1,670 exper.mental for.ation ener.ies of *** r.pr.sents the lar.est compar.son between DFT and exper.mental for.ation ener.ies to *** appar.nt mean absolute er.or.between exper.mental measur.ments and our.calculations is 0.096 eV/*** or.er.to estimate how much er.or.to attr.bute to the DFT calculations,we also examine deviation between differ.nt exper.mental measur.ments themselves wher. multiple sour.es ar. available,and find a sur.r.singly lar.e mean absolute er.or.of 0.082 eV/***,we suggest that a significant fr.ction of the er.or.between DFT and exper.mental for.ation ener.ies may be attr.buted to exper.mental ***,we evaluate the stability of compounds in the OQMD(including compounds obtained fr.m the ICSD as well as hypothetical str.ctur.s),which allows us to pr.dict the existence of~3,200 new compounds that have not been exper.mentally char.cter.sed and uncover.tr.nds in mater.al discover.,based on histor.cal data available within the ICSD.

关键词： Quantum DFT Open

Pr.ser.ation Planning in the OAIS Model

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现代图书情报技术 2008年第1期 61-68页

作者： stephan STr.DL ANDr.AS r.UBEr Institute of Softwar. Technology and Inter.ctive Systems Vienna University of Technology Austria

The OAIS model has gained widespr.ad acceptance as the fundamental design r.fer.nce model for.an ar.hival system by the digital libr.r. community. One of its cor. entities is Pr.ser.ation Planning, for.which centr.l functional entities ar. given yet without ever. detail br.aking down into activities r.quir.ments. The Planets Pr.ser.ation Planning appr.ach addr.sses this by pr.viding a way to make infor.ed and accountable decisions on which pr.ser.ation str.tegy to implement in or.er.to most suitably pr.ser.e digital objects for.a given pr.ser.ation context. It allows the explicit definition of r.quir.ments and goals and offer. a systematic way to evaluate pr.ser.ation str.tegies. This paper.shows the implementation of the Develop Pr.ser.ation Str.tegies and Standar.s function of the OAIS model thr.ugh the Planets Pr.ser.ation Planning appr.ach. Mor.over. the paper.examines the infor.ation flows within the OAIS Pr.ser.ation Planning entity and with other.functional entities with r.spect to the Planets model.

关键词： OAIS模型数字资源长期保存保存计划保存策略图书馆

In Situ Miner.lization of Biomass-Der.ved Hydr.gels Boosts Capacitive Electr.chemical Ener.y Stor.ge in Fr.e-Standing 3D Car.on Aer.gels

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Ener.y & Envir.nmental Mater.als 2024年第2期7卷 359-371页

作者： Anjali Achazhiyath Edathil Babak r.zaei Kr.stoffer.Almdal stephan Sylνest Keller National Centr. for.Nano Fabr.cation and Char.cter.zation DTU NanolabTechnical University of Denmark2800LyngbyDenmark DTU Chemistr. Technical University of Denmark2800LyngbyDenmark

Her.,a novel fabr.cation method for.making fr.e-standing 3D hier.r.hical por.us car.on aer.gels fr.m molecular.y engineer.d biomass-der.ved hydr.gels is *** situ for.ed flower.like CaCO_(3)molecular.y embedded within the hydr.gel networ. r.gulated the por. str.ctur. dur.ng in situ miner.lization assisted one-step activation gr.phitization(iMAG),while the intr.nsic str.ctur.l integr.ty of the car.on aer.gels was *** homogenously distr.buted miner.ls simultaneously acted as a har. template,activating agent,and gr.phitization *** decomposition of the homogenously distr.buted CaCO_(3)dur.ng iMAG followed by the etching of r.sidual CaO thr.ugh a mild acid washing endowed a r.bust car.on aer.gel with high por.sity and excellent electr.chemical *** 0.5 mA cm^(-2),the gr.vimetr.c capacitance incr.ased fr.m 0.01 F g^(-1)without miner.lization to 322 F g^(-1)with iMAG,which exceeds values r.por.ed for.any other.fr.e-standing or.powder.based biomass-der.ved car.on *** outstanding cycling stability of~104%after.1000 cycles in 1 M HClO4 was *** assembled symmetr.c super.apacitor.device deliver.d a high specific capacitance of 376 F g^(-1)and a high ener.y density of 26 W h kg^(-1)at a power.density of 4000 W kg^(-1),with excellent cycling per.or.ance(98.5%r.tention after.2000 cycles).In combination with the pr.posed 3D pr.nted mold-assisted solution casting(3DMASC),iMAG allows for.the gener.tion of fr.e-standing car.on aer.gel ar.hitectur.s with ar.itr.r. ***,the novel method intr.duces flexibility in constr.cting fr.e-standing car.on aer.gels fr.m any ionically cr.ss-linkable biopolymer.while maintaining the ability to tailor.the design,dimensions,and por. size distr.bution for.specific ener.y stor.ge applications.

关键词： biomass car.on aer.gel sustainable ener.y mater.als fr.e-standing super.apacitor.

Measur.ment system for.wind tur.ine acoustic noise assessment based on IEC standar. and Qin＇s model

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仪器仪表学报 2008年第3期29卷 458-465页

作者： Sun Lei Qin Shur.n Bo Lin Xu Liping stephan Joeckel School of Mechanical Engineer.ng Chongqing University Chongqing 400030 China Electr.cal Depar.ment VENSYS Energiesysteme GmbH Saarbrücken D-66115 Germany

A novel measur.ment system specially used in noise emission assessment and ver.fication of wind tur.ine gener.tor.systems is pr.sented that complies with specifications given in IEC 61400-11 to ensur. the pr.cess consistency and accur.cy. Theor. elements of the calculation for.ula used for.the sound power.level of wind tur.ine have been discussed for.the fir.t time, and detailed calculation pr.cedur. of tonality and audibility integr.ting nar.owband analysis and psychoacoustics is descr.bed. With a micr.phone and two PXI car.s inser.ed into a PC, this system is designed in Qin′s model using VMIDS development system. Benefiting fr.m the vir.ual instr.ment ar.hitectur., it′s the fir.t time that all assessment pr.cess have been integr.ted into an or.anic whole, which gives full advantages of its efficiency, pr.ce, and facility. Mass exper.ments show that its assessment r.sults accor. with the ones given by MEASNET member.

关键词：风轮机发电机噪音评估 IEC61400-11 模型测量系统