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Emerging properties of non-crystalline phases of graphene and boron nitride based materials

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Nano Materials Science 2022年第1期4卷 10-17页

作者： Aleandro Antidormi Luigi Colombo stephan Roche Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology(ICN2) CSIC and BISTCampus UABBellaterra08193BarcelonaSpain Department of Materials Science and Engineering The University of Texas at DallasRichardsonTX75080United States ICREA-InstitucióCatalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats 08010BarcelonaSpain

We review recent developments on the synthesis and properties of two-dimensional materials which, although being mainly of an sp^(2) bonding character, exhibit highly disordered, non-uniform and structurally random morphologies. The emergence of such class of amorphous materials, including amorphous graphene and boron nitride, have shown superior properties compared to their crystalline counterparts when used as interfacial films. In this paper we discuss their structural,vibrational and electronic properties and present a perspective of their use for electronic applications.

关键词： boron amorphous properties

Porosity and Pore Networks in Tight Dolostone—Mudstone Reservoirs:Insights from the Devonian Three Forks Formation,Williston Basin,USA

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Journal of Earth Science 2022年第2期33卷 462-481页

作者： Adedoyin Adeyilola stephan Nordeng Qinhong Hu Department of Earth and Atmospheric Science Central Michigan UniversityMount PleasantMI 48859USA Harold Hamm School of Geology and Geological Engineering University of North DakotaGrand ForksND 58202USA Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences The University of Texas at Arlington500 Yates StreetArlingtonTX 76019USA

This study was performed to evaluate pore systems of reservoir lithofacies within the Devonian Three Forks Formation in the Williston Basin through micro-scale pore *** lithofacies are from the Upper Three Forks section,which is a prominent drilling target within the BakkenThree Forks Petroleum *** from the Formation were examined by(1)physical core description,(2)petrographic thin section microscopy,(3)x-ray diffractometry(XRD)minerals analysis,(4)scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and(5)porosity measurements from helium porosimetry,nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR),gas adsorption and mercury intrusion porosimetry(MIP).These were done to provide better understanding of the local variations in pore structures and how such structures impact reservoir quality within the Three Forks *** reservoir lithofacies were identified and described,including laminated lithofacies,massive dolostone,mottled dolostone,massive mudstone,mottled mudstone,mudstone conglomerates,and brecciated *** show a diverse variation in mineralogical composition,pore types,porosity,and pore-size *** types of pores were identified:interparticle,intercrystalline,intracrystalline,vuggy,microfractures,and mudstone ***-rich lithofacies have abundant dolomite and less siliciclastic minerals such as quartz,feldspar,and *** also have relatively low porosity and generally larger pore size.A general positive trend exists between porosity with clay minerals and feldspar,in contrast to a negative trend with dolomite,and no clear relationship with quartz *** from the gas adsorption analysis,NMR and MIP pore-size distribution confirm an abundance of macropores(>50 nm in diameters)in dolostone dominated lithofacies while other lithofacies generally have abundant mesopores(2–50 nm).

关键词： dolostone mudstone porosity pores clay minerals dolomite lithofacies bakken-three forks petroleum system petroleum geology

Spent coffee ground as source for hydrocarbon fuels

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2016年第1期25卷 146-152页

作者： Peter Döhlert Maik Weidauer stephan Enthalera Technische Universitat Berlin Department of ChemistryCluster of Excellence"Unifying Concepts in Catalysis"Straβe des 17.Juni 135/C2D-10623 BerlinGermany Universitat Hamburg Department of ChemistryMartin-Luther-King-Platz 6D-20146 HamburgGermany

The conversion of triglycerides（coffee oil） obtained from spent coffee ground to produce hydrocarbon fuel（diesel） was studied. In more detail, a catalytic hydrodeoxygenation of the coffee oil was performed applying polymethylhydrosiloxane（PMHS） as cheap reductant under mild reaction conditions. However, along with the hydrocarbons significant amounts of PMHS-waste are generated, since only～1.7% of the PMHS is required for the reduction process. Based on that, in a subsequent depolymerization step the PMHS-waste was converted to methyltrifluorosilane and difluoromethylsilane, which can be applied as building blocks for the production of new silicones, with boron trifluoride diethyl etherate（BF3OEt2） as depolymerization reagent.

关键词： Catalysis Triglyceride Hydrocarbons Hydrodeoxygenation Depolymerization

Prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia with inhaled antibiotics

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2024年第3期15卷 165-168页

作者： stephan Ehrmann Jie Li Intensive Care Medicine INSERM CIC 1415CRICS-TriggerSep FCRIN research networkUniversity Hospital Center in ToursTours 37044France Respiratory Pathology Research Center National Institute of Health and Medical ResearchTours 37000France Department of Cardiopulmonary Sciences Division of Respiratory CareRush UniversityChicago 60612USA

The direct delivery of inhaled antibiotics to the respiratory tract has been a subject of enduring interest among medical practitioners and researchers due to the associated favorable *** interest has been particularly pronounced in the context of critically illpatients,wherehealthcare-associatedpulmonary infections represent a significant challenge,driving continued exploration of inhaled antibiotics for intubated *** high-level evidence has shown a very promising application in the field of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) prevention.^([1]).

关键词： pneumonia ventilator respiratory

Application of the woodchuck animal model for the treatment of hepatitis B virus-induced liver cancer

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2021年第6期13卷 509-535页

作者： Manasa Suresh stephan Menne Department of Microbiology and Immunology Georgetown University Medical CenterWashingtonDC 20057United States

This review describes woodchucks chronically infected with the woodchuck hepatitis virus(WHV)as an animal model for hepatocarcinogenesis and treatment of primary liver cancer or hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)induced by the hepatitis B virus(HBV).Since laboratory animal models susceptible to HBV infection are limited,woodchucks experimentally infected with WHV,a hepatitis virus closely related to HBV,are increasingly used to enhance our understanding of virus-host interactions,immune response,and liver disease progression.A correlation of severe liver pathogenesis with high-level viral replication and deficient antiviral immunity has been established,which are present during chronic infection after WHV inoculation of neonatal woodchucks for modeling vertical HBV transmission in *** in chronic carrier woodchucks develops 17 to 36 mo after neonatal WHV infection and involves liver tumors that are comparable in size,morphology,and molecular gene signature to those of HBV-infected ***,woodchucks with WHV-induced liver tumors have been used for the improvement of imaging and ablation techniques of human *** addition,drug efficacy studies in woodchucks with chronic WHV infection have revealed that prolonged treatment with nucleos(t)ide analogs,alone or in combination with other compounds,minimizes the risk of liver disease progression to *** recently,woodchucks have been utilized in the delineation of mechanisms involved in innate and adaptive immune responses against WHV during acute,self-limited and chronic *** interventions based on modulating the deficient host antiviral immunity have been explored in woodchucks for inducing functional cure in HBV-infected patients and for reducing or even delaying associated liver disease sequelae,including the onset of ***,woodchucks with chronic WHV infection constitute a well-characterized,fully immunocompetent animal model for HBV-induced liver cancer and for preclinical

关键词： Woodchuck Hepatitis B virus Chronic infection Liver disease Hepatocellular carcinoma Cancer treatment

How 'Sustainable' are Post-disaster Measures? Lessons to Be Learned a Decade After the 2004 Tsunami in the Indian Ocean

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2017年第1期8卷 33-45页

作者： Christiane stephan Celia Norf Alexander Fekete Institute of Rescue Engineering and Civil Protection TH Koln University of Applied Sciences50679 CologneGermany Department of Geography Rheinische Friedrich Wilhelms Universitat Bonn53113 BonnGermany Department of Environmental Sociology and Technology Assessment University of Stuttgart70174 StuttgartGermany

This article addresses the sustainability implications of post-disaster measures in the context of the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami by presenting an analysis of the current situations and changes in some of the affected regions. Sustainability implications of measures are captured by investigating the persistence of the social and economic living conditions in relation to post-disaster measures, and the alignment of the measures with basic environmental aspects. Based on major concepts relevant in disaster science and sustainability research, the study explored sustainability aspects of post-disaster measures implemented after the 2004 tsunami, by conducting selected interviews among the participants of the 2015 international seminar ‘‘11 Years after the Indian Ocean Tsunami 2004'' and a broader online survey. Information was sought about(1) the current state of vulnerability of the local population in the regions affected;(2) the main lessons that have been identified to improve project design and management of recovery and vulnerability reduction;and(3) project sustainability implications with respect to the state of today's vulnerability. Based on the analysis of the information on these three priority areas, selected tasks for future disaster risk management are identified, such as more integrative planning and improved coordination with international organizations and local people.

关键词： Disaster risk management Recovery Sustainability Indian Ocean Tsunami Post-disaster measures Vulnerability

Geology of Mars after the first 40 years of exploration

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2010年第7期10卷 621-652页

作者： Angelo Pio Rossi stephan van Gasselt International Space Science Institute CH-3012 Hallerstrasse 6 Bern Switzerland Jacobs University Bremen Department of Earth and Space Sciences Campus Ring 1 28759 Bremen Germany Planetary Sciences and Remote Sensing Institute of Geological Sciences Free University of Berlin Malteserstr. 74-100 12249 Berlin Germany

The knowledge of Martian geology has increased enormously in the last 40 yr. Several missions orbiting or roving Mars have revolutionized our understanding of its evolution and geological features, which in several ways are similar to Earth, but are extremely different in many respects. The impressive dichotomy between the two Martian hemispheres is most likely linked to its impact cratering history, rather than internal dynamics such as on Earth. Mars＇ volcanism has been extensive, very longlived and rather constant in its setting. Water was available in large quantities in the distant past of Mars, when a magnetic field and more vigorous tectonics were active. Exogenic forces have been shaping Martian landscapes and have led to a plethora of landscapes shaped by wind, water and ice. Mars＇ dynamical behavior continues, with its climatic variation affecting climate and geology until very recent times. This paper tries to summarize major highlights in Mars＇ Geology, and points to deeper and more extensive sources of important scientific contributions and future exploration.

关键词： planets and satellites Mars -- Geology -- surface processes -- interior processes

Auxin-Oxylipin Crosstalk:Relationship of Antagonists

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2011年第6期53卷 429-445页

作者： Maik Hoffmann Mathias Hentrich stephan Pollmann Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas(U.P.M.-I.N.I.A.) Parque Científico y Tecnológico de la U.P.M. Campus de Montegancedo Ruhr-Universitt Bochum Lehrstuhl fr PflanzenphysiologieUniversittsstrasse

Phytohormones regulate a wide array of developmental processes throughout the life cycle of plants. Herein, the various plant hormones may interact additively, synergistically, or antagonistically. By their cooperation they create a delicate regulatory network whose net output largely depends on the action of specific phytohormone combinations rather than on the independent activities of separate hormones. While most classical studies of plant hormonal control have focused mainly on the action of single hormones or on the synergistic interaction of hormones in regulating various developmental processes, recent work is beginning to shed light on the crosstalk of nominally antagonistic plant hormones, such as gibberellins and auxins with oxylipins or abscisic acid. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of how two of the first sight antagonistic plant hormones, i.e. auxins and oxylipins, interact in controlling plant responses and development.

关键词： Auxin biosynthesis crosstalk hormone jasmonic acid.

Cover Crops as Affecting Soil Chemical and Physical Properties and Development of Upland Rice and Soybean Cultivated in Rotation

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Rice science 2018年第6期25卷 340-349页

作者： Adriano stephan NASCENTE Luis Fernando STONE Embrapa Arroz e Feij(CNPAF) Rodovia GO-462km 12 Zona RuralCP.17975375-000Santo Antoio de GoiasGOBrasil

Cover crops can provide changes in soil chemical and physical properties, which could allow a sustainable development of soybean and upland rice rotation in Brazilian Cerrado. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of cover crops(cultivated in the offseason) in the soybean-upland rice rotation(cultivated in the summer season) on the soil chemical and physical properties, yield components and grain yield of the cash crops. The experimental design was a randomized block design in factorial scheme 4 × 2 with six replications. Treatments were composed by four cover crops: fallow, millet(Pennisetum glaucum) + Crotalaria ochroleuca, millet + pigeon pea(Cajanus cajans), and millet + pigeon pea + Urochola ruziziensis in the offseason with one or two cycles of cover crops, with rice(Oryza sativa)or soybean(Glycine max) in the summer season. Cover crops alone provided no changes in soil chemical properties. However, the rotation cover crops/cash crops/cover crops/cash crops reduced p H, Al and H + Al and increased Ca, Mg, K and Fe contents in the soil. The cover crops millet + pigeon pea and millet + pigeon pea + U. ruziziensis improved soil physical properties in relation to fallow,especially in the 0–0.10 m soil layer. In spite of the improvement of the soil physical properties after two years of rotation with cover crops and cash crops, the soil physical quality was still below the recommended level, showing values of macroporosity, S index and soil aeration capacity lower than 0.10 m3/m3, 0.035 and 0.34, respectively. Upland rice production was higher under mixtures of cover crops than under fallow, mainly because of soil physical changes done by these mixtures of cover *** grain yield was similar under all cover crops tested, but was higher after the rotation cover crops/upland rice/cover crops than after only one cycle of cover crops.

关键词： crop rotation no-tillage system sustainable agriculture tropical agriculture rice soybean