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Motor inhibition efficiency in healthy aging: the role of γ-aminobutyric acid

Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第5期14卷 741-744页

作者： Lisa pauwels Celine Maes Lize Hermans stephan p.swinnen KU Leuven Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group Department of Movement Sciences Group Biomedical Sciences Leuven Brain Institute (LBI)

The ability to cancel a motor response is critical for optimal functioning in various facets of daily life. Hence, efficient inhibitory motor control is a key function throughout the lifespan. Considering the fact that inhibitory motor function gradually declines with advancing age, it is not surprising that the study of motor inhibition in this age group is gaining considerable interest. In general, we can distinguish between two prominent types of motor inhibition, namely proactive and reactive inhibition. Whereas the anticipation for upcoming stops(proactive inhibition) appears readily preserved at older age, the ability to stop an already planned or initiated action(reactive inhibition) generally declines with advancing age. The differential impact of aging on proactive and reactive inhibition at the behavioral level prompts questions about the neural architecture underlying both types of inhibitory motor control. Here we will not only highlight the underlying structural brain properties of proactive and reactive inhibitory control but we will also discuss recent developments in brain-behavioral approaches, namely the registration of neurochemical compounds using magnetic resonance spectroscopy. This technique allows for the direct detection of the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, i.e., γ-aminobutyric acid, across the broader cortical/subcortical territory, thereby opening new perspectives for better understanding the neural mechanisms mediating efficient inhibitory control in the context of healthy aging. Ultimately, these insights may contribute to the development of interventions specifically designed to counteract age-related declines in motor inhibition.

关键词： proactive inhibition reactive inhibition motor inhibition healthy aging gamma-aminobutyric acid magnetic resonance spectroscopy GABA inhibitory neurotransmitter neuroimaging

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