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Protective effects of trilinolein extracted from Panax notoginseng against cardiovascular disease

2004年

作者： Joseph Kerman Gary tomlinson with Vivian Kerman.

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2002年第12期23卷 104-109页

作者： Paul CHAN,G Neil THOMAS,Brian tomlinson Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Taipei Medical College Affiliated Taipei Wan Fang Hospital Taipei China Department of Medicine and Therapeutics The Chinese University of Hong Kong Prince of Wales Hospital Shatin NT Hong Kong SAR China Department of Medicine and Therapeutics The Chinese University of Hong Kong Prince of Wales Hospital Shatin NT Hong Kong SAR China

Trilinolein is a triacylglycerol purified from a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine Panax notoginseng. Trilinolein has been reported to provide a number of beneficial effects including reducing thrombogenicity and arrhythmias and increasing erythrocyte deformability. Additionally, trilinolein has been reported to be an antioxidant, which can counteract free radical damage associated with atherogenesis, and myocardial damage seen with is-chaemia and reperfusion. These pharmacologic effects may explain the perceived benefits derived from treating circulatory disorders with the herb over the centuries.

关键词： antioxidants cardiovascular system Chinese traditional medicine trilinolein Panax notoginseng

ISRADIPINE TREATMENT FOR HYPERTENSION IN GENERAL PRACTICE IN HONG KONG

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中华医学杂志(英文版) 1992年第6期105卷 446-450页

作者： tomlinson J Woo JAJH Critchley RTeoh Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine Prince of Wales Hospital Shatin Hong Kong The Chinese University of Hong Kong Sandoz Pharmaceuticals Ltd Hong Kong

A 6-week open study of the introduction ofisradipine treatment was conducted in general practicein Hong Kong.303 Chinese patients with mild to mod-erate hypertension entered the *** effects werereported in 21% of patients and caused withdrawalfrom the study in 3 *** main side-effectswere headache,dizziness,palpitation and flushing andthese were not more frequent than reported in otherstudies with isradipine or with *** bloodpressure was reduced(Pients with diastolic bloodpressure greater than 90 mmHg and their further re-sponse was greater than those remaining on 2.5 mgb.d.

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Strong intraspecific trait variation in a tropical dominant tree species along an elevational gradient

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Plant Diversity 2020年第1期42卷 1-6页

作者： Wumei Xu Kyle W.tomlinson Jie Li Plant Phylogenetics and Conservation Group Center for Integrative ConservationXishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650223China Community Ecology and Conservation Group Center for Integrative ConservationXishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMengla 666303China

Functional trait variation of plant species includes both inter-and intraspecific variation;however,traitbased plant ecology generally considers only interspecific variation while ignoring intraspecific *** reason for this neglect is that intraspecific variation may be negligible when compared to interspecific variation;however,direct comparisons between inter-and intraspecific variation of plant species are lacking,especially in tropical *** we investigated intraspecific leaf trait variation(leaf area,specific leaf area,leaf thickness,leaf density,leaf chlorophyll content) of Pittosporopsis kerrii Craib(Icacinaceae),the most abundant tree species in the Xishuangbanna tropical seasonal rainforest in southwestern China,along an elevational gradient(703-824 m).We found a substantial range of intraspecific variation in *** that was never less than 22.1% of range of the interspecific variation among 462 tree species reported before in the same ***,with increased elevation,both leaf thickness and density increased and specific leaf area decreased *** could be more important for the individuals of *** to produce thicker and denser leaves to tolerate environmental stress(e.g,soil water availability) rather than having high growth rates at the places with higher elevation in the Xishuangbanna tropical seasonal rainforest.

关键词： Functional traits Intraspecific variation Trade-off Tropical seasonal rainforest Xishuangbanna

Influence of smoke, heat and fire on germination of woody species occurring in the dry valleys of southwest China

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2019年第6期12卷 931-940页

作者： Mareike Roeder Weidong Yang Kyle W.tomlinson Center for Integrative Conservation Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMenglunMenglaYunnan 666303China Institute of Floodplain Ecology Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyJosefstraße 1D–76437 RastattGermany

Aims Savannahs depend on fire for their *** influences regeneration from seeds in several ways:it converts the environment into a more open space which can benefit the establishment of seedlings,and fire itself can also enhance germination by chemical and physical cues,such as smoke and *** is limited information as to how seed of Asian savannah species respond to fire,even though Asia has several dry vegetation types that are associated with *** main question was whether fire enhances or triggers the germination of woody species occurring in southwest Chinese dry valleys,which have savannah *** We conducted tests with heat(80°C)and smoke solution treatments,and tests with real fire by burning grass on top of sand trays containing *** tested 35 species,including savannah species,and gully and forest *** on seed availability,not all species were tested for all ***-six species had total germination>4%and these were used for *** Findings Heat increased germination of three species(strongest reaction:Dodonaea viscosa),smoke increased germination of five species(strongest reaction:Calotropis gigantea).Both treatments decreased germination for five and seven species,*** fire was detrimental for most species,except for ***,which is known to respond positively to heat *** though fire-related cues were not a trigger for germination for most species in our study,fire could still be crucial for regeneration by competition release.

关键词： smoke water burning biomass germination time Dodonaea viscosa Calotropis gigantea seed mass water content dark germination

Skeletal Blood Flow in Bone Repair and Maintenance

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Bone Research 2013年第4期1卷 311-322页

作者： Ryan E.tomlinson Matthew J.Silva Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Washington University in St.Louis Musculoskeletal Research Center Washington University in St.Louis

Bone is a highly vascularized tissue, although this aspect of bone is often overlooked. In this article, the importance of blood flow in bone repair and regeneration will be reviewed. First, the skeletal vascular anato- my, with an emphasis on long bones, the distinct mechanisms for vascularizing bone tissue, and methods for remodeling existing vasculature are discussed. Next, techniques for quantifying bone blood flow are briefly summarized. Finally, the body of experimental work that demonstrates the role of bone blood flow in fracture healing, distraction osteogenesis, osteoporosis, disuse osteopenia, and bone grafting is examined. These results illustrate that adequate bone blood flow is an important clinical consideration, particularly during bone regeneration and in at-risk patient groups.

关键词： blood flow angiogenesis vascular remodeling fracture bone repair

Effects of fragmentation on the seed predation and dispersal by rodents differ among species with different seed size

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Integrative Zoology 2017年第6期12卷 468-476页

作者： Qiong CHEN Kyle W.tomlinson Lin CAO Bo WANG Center for Integrative Conservation Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMenglaYunnanChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences BeijingChina

Fragmentation influences the population dynamics and community composition of vertebrate ***mentation effects on rodent species in forests may,in turn,affect seed predation and dispersal of many plant *** studies have usually addressed this question by monitoring a single species,and their results are *** few studies have discussed the fragmentation effect on rodent-seed interaction among tree species with different seed sizes,which can significantly influence rodent foraging preference and seed *** that fruiting periods for many coexisting plant species overlap,the changing foraging preference of rodents may substantially alter plant *** this study,we monitored the dispersal and predation by rodents of 9600 seeds,belonging to 4 Fagaceae species with great variation in seed size,in both the edge and interior areas of 12 tropical forest fragments ranging in area from 6.3 to 13872.9 ha in Southwest *** results showed that forest fragmentation altered the seed fates of all the species,but the intensity and even the direction of fragmentation effect differed between species with large versus small *** the seeds harvested,fragment size showed negative effects in forest interiors but positive effects at edges for the 2 large-seeded species,but showed little effect for the 2 small-seeded *** the seeds removed,negative effects of fragment size only existed among the small-seeded *** different fragmentation effect on seed dispersal and predation among plant species may,in turn,translate into the composition differences of the regeneration of the whole fragmented forest.

关键词： edge effect forest fragmentation plant-rodent interaction seed size

Bile acids as drivers and biomarkers of hepatocellular carcinoma

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World Journal of Hepatology 2022年第9期14卷 1730-1738页

作者： Santo Colosimo Jeremy W tomlinson Oxford Centre for Diabetes Endocrinology and MetabolismUniversity of OxfordOxford OX37LEUnited Kingdom School of Nutrition Science University of MilanMilan 20133Italy

The prevalence of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is rapidly increasing,driven not least in part by the escalating prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver *** acid(BA)profiles are altered in patients with HCC and there is a developing body of evidence from in vitro human cellular models as well as rodent data suggesting that BA are able to modulate fundamental processes that impact on cellular phenotype predisposing to the development of HCC including senescence,proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal *** in BA profiles associated with HCC have the potential to be exploited *** excellent diagnostic and imaging tools are available,their use to screen populations with advanced liver disease at risk of HCC is limited by high cost and low *** mainstay for HCC screening among subjects with cirrhosis remains frequent interval ultrasound ***,currently available serum biomarkers add little to diagnostic ***,we review the current literature on the use of BA measurements as predictors of HCC incidence in addition to their use as a potential screening method for the early detection of *** these approaches do show early promise,there are limitations including the relatively small cohort sizes,the lack of a standardized approach to BA measurement,and the use of inappropriate control comparator samples.

关键词： Bile acid Liver cancer Screening Cirrhosis Serum metabolites Urine metabolites

Management of nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes

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Chinese Medical Journal 2002年第1期115卷 129-135页

作者： Critchley JA Zhao HL tomlinson B Leung W Thomas GN Chan JC Cockram CS Chinese Univ Hong Kong Prince Wales Hosp Dept Med & Therapeut Div Clin Pharmacol Shatin Hong Kong Peoples R China

Purpose To review evidence-based management of nephropathy in patients with type 2 *** sources A literature search (MEDLINE 1966 to 2000) was performed using the key word 'diabetic nephropathy'. Relevant book chapters were also *** selection Well-controlled, prospective landmark studies and expert review articles on diabetic nephropathy were *** extraction Data and conclusions from the selected articles that provide solid evidence to the optimal management of diabetic nephropathy were extracted and interpreted in light of our clinical research experience with many thousands of Hong Kong Chinese *** Hypertension, long diabetes duration, poor glycaemic control and central obesity are the most important risk factors. Microalbuminuria is a practical marker to predict overt nephropathy in type 2 diabetic patients. Risk factor modification, renal function monitoring and combined therapies are the current integrated approaches to manage patients with diabetic kidney disease. Optimal glycaemic control is the mainstay of treatment but effective antihypertensive therapy is also key to delaying the progression of diabetic nephropathy. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin Ⅱ receptor antagonists have important renoprotective actions independent of their blood pressure lowering actions. Conclusions Diabetic nephropathy is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease worldwide. Monitoring renal function and screening for microalbuminuria will allow the identification of patients with nephropathy at a very early stage for intervention. Tight glycaemic control and aggressive antihypertensive treatment as well as the use of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors should substantially delay the progression of nephropathy.

关键词： type 2 diabetes · nephropathy · albuminuria · hypertension · renin-angiotensin system

The hypoxia-inducible factor-1α activates ectopic production of fibroblast growth factor 23 in tumor-induced osteomalacia

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Bone Research 2016年第2期4卷 85-90页

作者： Qian Zhang Michele Doucet Ryan E tomlinson Xiaobin Han L Darryl Quarles Michael T Collins Thomas L Clemens Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD USA Department of Medicine University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis TN USA Skeletal Clinical Studies Unit craniofacial and Skeletal Diseases Branch National Institutes of HealthBethesda MD USA Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center Baltimore MD USA

Tumor-induced osteomalacia （TIO） is a rare paraneoplastic syndrome in which ectopic production of fibroblast growth factor 23 （FGF23） by non-malignant mesenchymal tumors causes phosphate wasting and bone fractures. Recent studies have implicated the hypoxia-inducible factor-la （HIF-la） in other phosphate wasting disorders caused by elevated FGF23, including X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets and autosomal dominant hypophosphatemia. Here we provide evidence that HIF-la mediates aberrant FGF23 in TIO by transcriptionally activating its promoter. Immunohistochemical studies in phosphaturic mesenchymal tumors resected from patients with documented TIO showed that HIF-la and FGF23 were co-localized in spindle- shaped cells adjacent to blood vessels. Cultured tumor tissue produced high levels of intact FGF23 and demonstrated increased expression of HIF-la protein. Transfection of MC3T3-E1 and Saos-2 cells with a HIF-la expression construct induced the activity of a FGF23 reporter construct. Prior treatment of tumor organ cultures with HIF-la inhibitors decreased HIF-la and FGF23 protein accumulation and inhibited HIF-la-induced luciferase reporter activity in transfected cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays confirmed binding to a HIF-la consensus sequence within the proximal FGF23 promoter, which was eliminated by treatment with a HIF-la inhibitor. These results show for the first time that HIF-la is a direct transcriptional activator of FGF23 and suggest that upregulation of HIF-la activity in TIO contributes to the aberrant FGF23 production in these patients.

关键词： The hypoxia-inducible factor-1 activates ectopic production of fibroblast growth factor 23 in tumor-induced osteomalacia HIF