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Optimization of residence time distribution in RCDG and an assessment of its applicability in continuous manufacturing

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Particuology 2021年第3期19卷 43-49页

作者： annika Wilms Peter Kleinebudde Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf Institute of Pharmaceutics and BiopharmaceuticsUniversitätsstraße 140225 DüsseldorfGermany INVITE GmbH Drug Delivery Innovation Center(DDIC)Chempark Building W3251368 LeverkusenGermany

Knowledge of residence time is a critical aspect in developing control and material diversion strategies for continuous manufacturing processes in pharmaceutical *** granulation is a promising continuous granulation technique as it is fast and *** this study,a step-change method to determine residence time in roll compaction/dry granulation is *** factors roll speed and rotational speed of the impeller in the powder inlet unit of the compactor were evaluated using a central composite circumscribed statistical design of experiments in order to optimize the residence *** fill volume in the compactor was varied *** was found that high roll speed,low rotational speed of the impeller and low fill volume in the compactor are beneficial to generate fast transition through the *** impact of roll speed increase was *** can be concluded that despite fast residence time in the process,high roll speed and its subsequent high material throughput can generate a large amount of material that has to be discarded if material diversion is required.

关键词： Roll compaction/dry granulation Residence time distribution Continuous manufacturing Digital image analysis Response surface optimization

A Transmission Electron Microscopy Study of Plate Martensite Formation in High-carbon Low Alloy Steels

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2013年第4期29卷 373-379页

作者： Albin Stormvinter Peter Hedstrm annika Borgenstam Department of Materials Science and Engineering School of Industrial Engineering and ManagementKTH Royal Institute of TechnologySE-100 44 StockholmSweden

The martensitic microstructures in two high-carbon low alloy steels have been investigated by classical and automated crystallographic analysis under a transmission electron microscope. It is found that the martensitic substructure changes from consisting mostly of transformation twins for 1.20 mass% carbon （C） steel to both transformation twins and planar defects on {101}M for 1.67 mass% C steel. In the 1.67 mass% C steel it is further found that small martensite units have a rather homogeneous substructure, while large martensite units are more inhomogeneous. In addition, the martensite units in both steels are frequently found to be of zigzag patterns and have distinct crystallographic relationships with neighboring martensite units, e.g. kink or wedge couplings. Based on the present findings the development of martensite in high-carbon low alloy steels is discussed and a schematic of the martensite formation is presented. Moreover, whether the schematic view can be applied to plate martensite formation in general, is discussed.

关键词： Transmission electron microscopy High-carbon low alloy steel Plate martensite

Lymph node staging in colorectal cancer:Old controversies and recent advances

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第46期19卷 8515-8526页

作者： annika Resch Cord Langner Institute of Pathology Medical University of Graz

Outcome prediction based on tumor stage reflected by the American Joint Committee on Cancer(AJCC)/Union for International Cancer Control(UICC)tumor node metastasis(TNM)system is currently regarded as the strongest prognostic parameter for patients with colorectal *** affected patients,the indication for adjuvant therapy is mainly guided by the presence of regional lymph node *** addition to the extent of surgical lymph node removal and the thoroughness of the pathologist in dissecting the resection specimen,several parameters that are related to the pathological work-up of the dissected nodes may affect the clinical significance of lymph node *** include changing definitions of lymph nodes,involved lymph nodes,and tumor deposits in different editions of the AJCC/UICC TNM system as well as the minimum number of nodes to be *** to increase the lymph node yield in the fatty tissue include methylene blue injection and acetone *** prediction based on the lymph node ratio,defined as the number of positive lymph nodes divided by the total number of retrieved nodes,may be superior to the absolute numbers of involved *** invasion has been identified as additional prognostic *** step sectioning and immunohistochemistry to the pathological work-up may result in higher accuracy of histological *** clinical value of more recent technical advances,such as sentinel lymph node biopsy and molecular analysis of lymph nodes tissue still remains to be defined.

关键词： Colon cancer Rectum cancer Tumor stag-ing Lymph node metastasis Prognosis Sentinel lymph node Lymph node ratio Extracapsular invasion Im-munohistochemistry Molecular analysis

Smoking prevalence in the area of responsibility of the German Ministry of Defense——results of the employee survey in the context of occupational health management

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Military Medical Research 2020年第3期7卷 343-349页

作者： Stefan Sammito annika Claus Dirk-Matthias Rose Department I 3 Research&Development Air Force Centre of Aerospace MedicineCologneGermany Occupational Medicine Faculty of MedicineOtto-von-Guericke-University of MagdeburgMagdeburgGermany Institute for Teachers’Health Institute of OccupationalSocial and Environmental Medicine of the Johannes-Gutenberg University MainzMainzGermany

Background:Tobacco use,correlated with reduced physical fitness,is one of the leading causes of avoidable death *** increases the risk of dementia and can shorten the lifespan by 10 *** the German Armed Forces(Bundeswehr),figures on smoking behavior have not been comprehensively *** study analyzes current data in a large sample from this ***:Based on an employee survey as part of the Occupational Health Management System,data on smoking behavior from 13,326 participants were analyzed in relation to age,gender,professional status,education level and membership in military operational units versus other ***:Smoking behavior varied significantly(Polder),gender,professional status,military agency membership status,and education level(the lower the education level,the higher the smoking rates).With the exception of the downward trend in smoking behavior with increasing age among civilian employees,these results were all significant(P<0.005).Conclusions:This data analysis shows that smoking prevalence among personnel in the area of responsibility of the Federal Ministry of Defense is comparable to the current data from corresponding surveys of the German *** on gender,they generally show values that are slightly above those of the German *** well-known trend in the general population of decreasing smoking prevalence with increasing age is also seen in this ***,there are considerable differences in the smoking prevalence among individual subgroups(professional status,agency,gender,education level).The data show that particular young soldiers in the armed forces should be the target group for further preventive measures.

关键词： Prevention Smoking Military Health promotion

Optimal plot design in a multipurpose forest inventory

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Forest Ecosystems 2016年第1期3卷 37-50页

作者： Helena M.Henttonen annika Kangas Natural Resources Institute Finland(Luke) Economics and Society unit

Background： We explore the factors affecting the optimal plot design （size and type as well as the subsample tree selection strategies within a plot） and their relative importance in defining the optimal plot design in amultipurpose forest inventory. The factors include time used to lay out the plot and to make the tree measurements within the plot, the between-plot variation of each of the variables of interest in the area, and the measurement and model errors for the different variables. Methods： We simulate different plot types and sizes and subsample tree selection strategies on measuredtest areas from North Lapland. The plot types used are fixed-radius, concentric and relascope plots. Weselect the optimal type and size first at plot level using a cost-plus-loss approach and then at cluster level byminimizing the weighted standard error with fixed budget. Results： As relascope plots are ve~/efficient at the plot level for volume and basal area, and fixed-radius plots for stems per ha, the optimal plot type strongly depends on the relative importance of these variables. The concentric plot seems to be a good compromise between these two in many cases. The subsample tree selection strategy was more important in selecting optimal plot than many other factors. In cluster level, the most important factor is the transfer time between plots. Conclusions： While the optimal radius of plots and other parameters were sensitive to the measurement times and other cost factors, the concentric plot type was optimal in almost all studied cases. Subsample tree measurement strategies need further studies, as they were an important cost factor. However, their importance to the precision was not as clear.

关键词： Sample Plot Forest inventory Measurement Cost Loss

Flash X-ray cinematography analysis of dwell and penetration of smallcaliber projectiles with three types of SiC ceramics

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2016年第3期12卷 277-283页

作者： Elmar STRASSBURGER steffen BAUER steffen WEBER Heiner GEDON Fraunhofer Institute for High-Speed Dynamics Ernst-Mach-Institute(EMI)Am Christianswuhr 279400 KandernGermany DLR–German Aerospace Center Institute of Structures and DesignPfaffenwaldring 38-4070569 StuttgartGermany WIWeB–Bundeswehr Research Institute for Materials Fuels and LubricantsInstitutsweg 185435 ErdingGermany

In order to improve the performance of ceramic composite armor it is essential to know the mechanisms during each phase of the projectile–target interaction and their influence on the penetration *** the view on the crater zone and the tip of a projectile penetrating a ceramic is rapidly getting obscured by damaged material,a flash X-ray technique has to be applied in order to visualize projectile *** this purpose,usually several flash X-ray tubes are arranged around the target and the radiographs are recorded on *** EMI a flash X-ray imaging method has been developed,which provides up to eight flash radiographs in one experiment.A multi-anode 450 k V flash X-ray tube is utilized with this *** radiation transmitted through the target is then detected on a fluorescent *** fluorescent screen converts the radiograph into an image in the visible wavelength range,which is photographed by means of a high-speed *** technique has been applied to visualize and analyze the penetration of 7.62 mm AP projectiles into three different types of Si C *** commercial Si C grades and MICASIC(Metal Infiltrated Carbon derived Si C),a C-Si Si C ceramic developed by DLR,have been *** influences,not only of the ceramic but also the backing material,on dwell time and projectile erosion have been *** curves have been determined and their relevance to the ballistic resistance is discussed.

关键词： Ballistic resistance Dwell Flash X-ray cinematography SiC ceramics

Benefits of past inventory data as prior information for the current inventory

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Forest Ecosystems 2020年第2期7卷 263-273页

作者： annika Kangas Terje Gobakken Erik Næsset Bioeconomy and Environment Natural Resources Institute Luke(Finland)Yliopistokatu 680100 JoensuuFinland Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management Norwegian University of Life SciencesP.O.Box 5003NO-1432ÅsNorway.

Background:When auxiliary information in the form of airborne laser scanning(ALS)is used to assist in estimating the population parameters of interest,the benefits of prior information from previous inventories are not *** a simulation study,we compared three different approaches:1)using only current data,2)using nonupdated old data and current data in a composite estimator and 3)using updated old data and current data with a Kalman *** also tested three different estimators,namely i)Horwitz-Thompson for a case of no auxiliary information,ii)model-assisted estimation and iii)model-based *** compared these methods in terms of bias,precision and accuracy,as estimators utilizing prior information are not guaranteed to be ***:The largest standard errors were obtained when neither prior information nor auxiliary information were *** a growth model was not applied to update the old data,the resulting composite estimators were *** RMSEs were obtained using non-updated prior information in a composite *** the ALS data as auxiliary information produced smaller RMSE than using prior information from the old *** smallest RMSEs were obtained when both the auxiliary data and updated old data were *** growth updating the bias can be substantially reduced,although design-unbiasedness of the estimator cannot be ***:Prior information from old inventory data can be useful also when combined with highly accurate auxiliary information,when both data sources are efficiently *** benefits obtained from using the old data will increase if the past harvests can be detected without errors from changes in the auxiliary data instead of being predicted with models.

关键词： Data fusion Kalman filtering

Spatial Industrial Accident Exposure and Social Vulnerability Assessment of Hazardous Material Sites,Chemical Parks,and Nuclear Power Plants in Germany

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2023年第2期14卷 223-236页

作者： Alexander Fekete steffen Neuner Institute of Rescue Engineering and Civil Protection TH Köln-University of Applied Sciences50679CologneGermany

Industrial accidents have shown that many people can be affected,such as in Seveso,Italy,in *** accidents in nuclear power plants have also led to fatalities and *** better guide preparedness against and mitigation of industrial accidents,an assessment is necessary to evaluate hazard exposure and the type of potentially vulnerable social groups that need to be taken into *** study conducted a spatial assessment of three types of industrial facilities in Germany:facilities registered under the Seveso Directive,chemical parks,and nuclear power *** method consisted of a spatial assessment using a Geographic Information System of exposure around hazardous sites registered under the S eveso Directive in Germany and of census data to analyze social *** analyzed included industrial accidents and *** results revealed that most industrial sites are in urban areas and that population density,the numbers of foreigners,and smaller housing unit sizes are higher in close proximity to these *** buffer zones analyzed in circles between 1 and 40 km show a decreasing vulnerability with more *** can guide emergency management planners and other stakeholders to better prepare for major accidents and better devise disaster risk reduction strategies specifically for different social groups.

关键词： Germany Industrial disaster risk Seveso directives Seveso sites Social vulnerability

Analysis of genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships among red jungle fowls and Chinese domestic fowls

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2008年第6期51卷 560-568页

作者： steffen WEIGEND Institute for Animal Breeding Federal Agricultural Research Centre

Genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships among 568 individuals of two red jungle fowl subspe- cies (Gallus gallus spadiceus in China and Gallus gallus gallus in Thailand) and 14 Chinese domestic chicken breeds were evaluated with 29 microstaellite loci, the genetic variability within population and genetic differentiation among population were estimated, and then genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships were analyzed among red jungle fowls and Chinese domestic fowls. A total of 286 alleles were detected in 16 population with 29 microsatellite markers and the average number of the alleles observed in 29 microsatellite loci was 9.86±6.36. The overall expected heterozygosity of all population was 0.6708±0.0251, and the number of population deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium per locus ranged from 0 to 7. In the whole population, the average of genetic differentiation among population, measured as FST value, was 16.7% (P<0.001), and all loci contributed significantly (P<0.001) to this differentiation. It can also be seen that the deficit of heterozygotes was very high (0.015) (P<0.01). Reynolds' distance values varied between 0.036 (Xiaoshan chicken-Luyuan chicken pair) and 0.330 (G. gallus gallus-Gushi chicken pair). The Nm value ranged from 0.533 (between G. gallus gallus and Gushi chicken) to 5.833 (between Xiaoshan chicken and Luyuan chicken). An unrooted consensus tree was constructed using the neighbour-joining method and the Reynolds' genetic distance. The heavy-body sized chicken breeds, Luyuan chicken, Xiaoshan chicken, Beijing Fatty chicken, Henan Game chicken, Huainan Partridge and Langshan chicken formed one branch, and it had a close genetic relationship between Xiaoshan chicken-Luyuan chicken pair and Chahua chicken-Tibetan chicken pair. Chahua chicken and Tibetan chicken had closer genetic relationship with these two subspecies of red jungle fowl than other domestic chicken breeds. G. gallus spadiceus showed closer phylogenetic relati

关键词： red jungle fowl domestic fowl microsatellite genetic diversity phylogenetic relationship