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Aluminium toxicity targets PIN2 in Arabidopsis root apices: Effects on PIN2 endocytosis, vesicular recycling, and polar auxin transport

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2008年第16期53卷 2480-2487页

作者： SHEN Hong HOU NingYan Markus SCHLICHT WAN YingLang stefano mancuso Frantisek BALUSKA College of Resources and Environment South China Agricultural University Guangzhou 510642 China Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany Bonn University Bonn D-53115 Germany Electrophysiology Laboratory Department of Horticulture University of Florence Viale delle Idee 30 1-50019 Florence Italy

The most obvious symptom of Al toxicity is the inhibition of root growth. However, the mechanism of Al-inhibiting root growth remains to be elucidated. In this study, auxin transport and vesicle movement of an auxin-efflux carrier (PIN2) were investigated in Arabidopsis roots in response to Al stress. Results indicated that Al inhibited the apical transport of auxin in root tips of Arabidopsis significantly. The severe inhibition was localized in the cells of transition zone, where the concentration of auxin was only 34% that of the control. Brefeldin A (BFA), an inhibitor of vesicle transport, induced the dot-like structure of PIN2 vesicle significantly. Al decreased the size of dot-like structure of PIN2 vesicles. Re- sults of real-time RT-PCR and Western-blotting analysis showed that Al increased the transcript level of PIN2 and the accumulation of PIN2 protein in horizontal direction of plasma membrane, but decreased its distribution in endosomes, suggesting that Al inhibited the transport of PIN2 vesicles from plasma membrane to endosomes. Results of cytoskeleton-depolymering drugs indicated that it was via the pathway of disruption of actin microfilaments that Al inhibited the transport of PIN2 vesicles. Exposed to Al stress, the cells of elongation zone had less Al uptake and less transport frequency of vesicles than cells of transition zone. Taken together, our results suggested that Al inhibited root growth mainly by modulating the transport of PIN2 vesicles between plasma membrane and endosomes, thus block- ing auxin transport and root growth.

关键词：铝毒性胞吞作用生长素

Volatile organic compound emission and biochemical properties of degraded Ultisols ameliorated by no tillage and liming

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Pedosphere 2020年第5期30卷 597-606页

作者： Laura GIAGNONI Cosimo TAITI Paloma LEON Corrado COSTA Paolo MENESATTI Rafael ESPEJO Clara GOMEZ-PACCARD Chiquinquira HONTORIA Eduardo VAZQUEZ Marta BENITO stefano mancuso Giancarlo RENELLA Department of Agriculture FoodEnvironment and Forestry(DAGRI)University of FlorenceP.le delle Cascine 18Florence 50144(Italy) Departamento de Production Agraria E.T.S.I.AgrondmicaAlimentaria y de BiosistemasUniversidad Politecnica de MadridAvda.Complutense s/nMadrid 28040(Spain) Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e I'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria(CREA)-Unita di Ricerca per ilngegneria Agraria via della Pascolare 16Monterotondo ScaloRM 00015(Italy) Department of Soil Biogeochemistry and Soil Ecology University of BayreuthDr.Hans-Frisch-Strafie 1-3Bayreuth 95448(Germany) University of Padua Department of AgronomyFoodNatural ResourcesAnimals and Environment(DAFNAE)Viale dell'Universita 16Legnaro 35020(Italy)

TTie Ultisols in the Rana de Canamero area in Southwest Spain showed aluminum(Al)phytotoxicity,and the clearance of natural vegetation and decades of intensive conventional agriculture caused the deplation of soil organic matter(SOM).Therefore,we studied the long-term effects of no tillage and liming using sugar beet foam(SF)and red gypsum(RG),alone or in combination,on the restoration of Ultisols affected by acidification,Al phytotoxicity,and SOM *** measured the main soil chemical properties,soil microbial biomass,soil enzyme activities involved in carbon,nitrogen,phosphorus,and sulfur mineralization,and the emission of volatile organic compounds(VOCs).The results indicated that liming effectively neutralized the soil acidity in the long term and,in combination with no tillage,significantly increased soil microbial biomass and enzyme ***-three VOCs were detected using the proton transfer reaction-time of flight(PTR-ToF)technique,and both liming and tillage changed the VOC emission *** greatest difference in VOC emission pattern was observed between no-tilled un-amended soils and tilled lime-amended soils,suggesting the activation of different metabolic pathways within the microbial communities of soils under different *** in VOC emission patterns could be attributed to the decomposition of carbohydrates,which were also sustained by the higher enzyme activities in the lime-amended soils.

关键词： carbohydrate decomposition degraded soils long-term field trial soil acidity soil enzyme activities soil microbial biomass soil restoration

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铝抑制拟南芥根尖PIN2循环和囊泡运输

科学通报 2008年第15期53卷 1785-1792页

作者：沈宏侯凌艳 SCHLICHT Markus WAN Ying Lang mancuso stefano BALUSKA Frantisek 华南农业大学资源环境学院广州510642 Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany University of BonnBonn D-53115Germany Electrophysiology Laboratory Department of HorticultureUniversity of FlorenceFlorence 1-50019Italy

铝对植物毒害作用最明显的症状是迅速抑制根尖生长.然而,铝抑制根尖生长的机制并不清楚.本文研究了铝对生长素和生长素运输载体(PIN2)囊泡运输的影响.结果表明,铝抑制拟南芥根尖生长素运输,其中过渡区生长素抑制率最高,达66%.布雷菲尔... 详细信息

铝对植物毒害作用最明显的症状是迅速抑制根尖生长.然而,铝抑制根尖生长的机制并不清楚.本文研究了铝对生长素和生长素运输载体(PIN2)囊泡运输的影响.结果表明,铝抑制拟南芥根尖生长素运输,其中过渡区生长素抑制率最高,达66%.布雷菲尔德菌素(Brefeldin A,BFA,一种囊泡运输抑制剂)明显诱导PIN2囊泡在细胞内形成点状结构,铝处理降低点状结构的大小,表明铝抑制PIN2囊泡在细胞内的运输.实时定量PCR和蛋白印迹反应发现,铝增加PIN2基因的转录表达,促进PIN2蛋白在细胞膜水平方向累积.细胞骨架解聚药物处理表明,铝抑制PIN2囊泡的运输,主要通过破坏肌球蛋白微丝来完成.铝处理下,拟南芥根尖伸长区细胞比过渡区具有较少的铝吸收和较低的囊泡运输频率.上述结果表明,通过调节生长素运输载体(PIN2)在质膜与胞内移动,阻碍生长素的运输,铝抑制了拟南芥根尖的生长.

关键词：铝处理 PIN2 拟南芥细胞骨架生长素运输

Incoherent non-Hermitian skin effect in photonic quantum walks

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第5期13卷 885-893页

作者： stefano Longhi Dipartimento di Fisica Politecnico di MilanoPiazza L.da Vinci 32I-20133 MilanoItaly IFISC(UIB-CSIC) Instituto de Fisica Interdisciplinar y Sistemas ComplejosE-07122 Palma de MallorcaSpain

The non-Hermitian skin effect describes the concentration of an extensive number of eigenstates near the boundaries of certain dissipative *** phenomenon has raised a huge interest in different areas of physics,including photonics,deeply expanding our understanding of non-Hermitian systems and opening up new avenues in both fundamental and applied aspects of topological *** skin effect has been associated to a nontrivial pointgap spectral topology and has been experimentally demonstrated in a variety of synthetic matter systems,including photonic *** most of physical models exhibiting the non-Hermitian skin effect full or partial wave coherence is generally *** we push the concept of skin effect into the fully incoherent regime and show that rather generally(but not universally)the non-Hermitian skin effect persists under dephasing *** results are illustrated by considering incoherent light dynamics in non-Hermitian photonic quantum walks.

关键词： dynamics. quantum effect

Time reversal of a discrete system coupled to a continuum based on non-Hermitian flip

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Science Bulletin 2017年第12期62卷 869-874页

作者： stefano Longhi Dipartimento di Fisica Politecnico di Milano and Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie del Consiglio Nazionale delle RicerchePiazza L.da Vinci 321-20133 MilanoItaly

Time reversal in quantum or classical systems described by an Hermitian Hamiltonian is a physically allowed process, which requires in principle inverting the sign of the Hamiltonian. Here we consider the problem of time reversal of a subsystem of discrete states coupled to an external environment characterized by a continuum of states, into which they generally decay. It is shown that, by flipping the discrete-continuum coupling from an Hermitian to a non-Hermitian interaction, thus resulting in a non unitary dynamics, time reversal of the subsystem of discrete states can be achieved, while the continuum of states is not reversed. Exact time reversal requires frequency degeneracy of the discrete states,or large frequency mismatch among the discrete states as compared to the strength of indirect coupling mediated by the continuum. Interestingly, periodic and frequent switch of the discrete-continuum coupling results in a frozen dynamics of the subsystem of discrete states.

关键词： Non-Hermitian dynamicsTime reversalLoschmidt echo

Reply to "Discussion 1 on 'Introspection on improper seismic retrofit of Basilica Santa Maria di Collemaggio after 2009 Italian earthquake' by ***,*** and *** stefano" by Vincenzo Ciampi

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2012年第2期11卷 283-288页

作者： Gian Paolo Cimellaro Andrei M.Reinhorn Alessandro De stefano Department of Structural Geotechnical & Building Engineering(DISEG)Politecnico di TorinoCorso Duca degli Abruzzi 2410129 TurinItaly Department of Civil Structural & Environmental EngineeringUniversity at Buffalothe State University of New York135 Ketter HallBuffalo NYUSA

The authors thank the discusser for his interest and careful review of the paper and his valuable comments. They also welcome this discussion,because it gives the authors the opportunity to clarify several points whic... 详细信息

关键词： Introspection on improper seismic retrofit of Basilica Santa Maria di Collemaggio after 2009 Italian earthquake by Vincenzo Ciampi Discussion 1 on Reply to De

Reply to "Discussion 2 on 'Introspection on improper seismic retrofit of Basilica Santa Maria di Collemaggio after 2009 Italian earthquake' by G.P. Cimellaro, A.M. Reinhorn and *** stefano" by Enzo Cartapati

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2012年第2期11卷 291-292页

作者： Gian Paolo Cimellaro Andrei M. Reinhorn Alessandro De stefano Department of Structural Geotechnical & Building Engineering (DISEG) Politecnico di Torino Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24 10129 Turin Italy Department of Civil Structural & Environmental Engineering University at Buffalo the State University of New York 135 Ketter Hall Buffalo NY USA

The authors thank the discusser for the additional information,which is provided related to the historical interventions of the church through the centuries. This information was known to the authors,however they deci... 详细信息

关键词： Reply to A.M Reinhorn and A.De stefano Introspection on improper seismic retrofit of Basilica Santa Maria di Collemaggio after 2009 Italian earthquake by G.P Discussion 2 on De

A flexible multi-body model of a surface miner for analyzing the interaction between rock-cutting forces and chassis vibrations

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2021年第3期31卷 365-375页

作者： Alessandro Medolago stefano Melzi Tesmec S.p.A. Grassobbio 24050Italy Department of Mechanics Politecnico di MilanoMilano 20156Italy

The discontinuous nature of rock cutting can easily cause unwanted vibrations in the structure of a surface *** these vibrations are not properly addressed,the related stress cycles can gradually damage the chassis resulting in fatigue *** events can seriously undermine the safety of operators and digging operations may be stopped for days,with an obvious economic *** work presents an analysis of the dynamics of a surface miner,focusing on the interaction between cutting machine dynamics and cutting forces,which is a new approach for this type of *** this purpose,the authors developed a numerical model of the cutting process made up of(1)a multi-body model of the cutting machine,which takes into account the chassis's flexibility;(2)a model of the rotating cutting head;and(3)a model of the interaction between the cutting head and rock,based on Shao's *** model was compared with experimental results and then used to investigate the effects of cutting speed and cutting depth on the machine dynamics.

关键词： Surface miner Flexible multi-body model Validation Cutting forces Chassis vibrations

Dependence of impact regime boundaries on the initial temperatures of projectiles and targets

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第1期31卷 49-57页

作者： stefano Signetti Andreas Heine Fraunhofer-Institut für Kurzzeitdynamik Ernst-Mach-InstitutEMIErnst-Zermelo-Str.479104 Freiburg im BreisgauGermany

Towards higher impact velocities,ballistic events are increasingly determined by the material *** effects might range from moderate thermal softening to full phase *** particular,it is of great interest to quantify the conditions for incipient or full melting of metals during impact interactions,which result in a transition from still strength-affected to hydrodynamic material *** this work,we investigate to which extent the respective melting thresholds are also dependent on the initial,and generally elevated,temperatures of projectiles and targets before *** is studied through the application of a model developed recently by the authors to characterize the transition regime between high-velocity and hypervelocity impact,for which the melting thresholds of materials were used as the defining *** obtained results are expected to be of general interest for ballistic application cases where projectiles or targets are *** conditions might result,for example,from aerodynamic forces acting onto a projectile during atmospheric flight,explosive shapedcharge-jet formation or armor exposure to environmental *** performed analyses also broaden the scientific understanding of the relevance of temperature in penetration events,generally known since the 1960s,but often not considered thoroughly in impact studies.

关键词： Ballistic impact Thermal effects Metallic targets Energy partitioning Homologous temperature