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The next-generation sphingosine-1 receptor modulator BAF312(siponimod) improves cortical network functionality in focal autoimmune encephalomyelitis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第11期14卷 1950-1960页

作者： Petra Hundehege Manuela Cerina Susann Eichler Christian Thomas Alexander M. Herrmann Kerstin Goel Thomas Müntefering Juncal Fernandez-Orth stefanie bock Venu Narayanan Thomas Budde Erwin-Josef Speckmann Heinz Wiendl Anna Schubart Tobias Ruck Sven G. Meuth Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology Westfalische Wilhelms-UniversitatMunsterGermany Institute of Physiology I Westfalische Wilhelms-UniversitatMunsterGermany Novartis Institutes of Biomedical Research BaselSwitzerland

Autoimmune diseases of the central nervous system(CNS) like multiple sclerosis(MS) are characterized by inflammation and demyelinated lesions in white and grey matter regions. While inflammation is present at all stages of MS, it is more pronounced in the relapsing forms of the disease, whereas progressive MS(PMS) shows significant neuroaxonal damage and grey and white matter atrophy. Hence, disease-modifying treatments beneficial in patients with relapsing MS have limited success in PMS. BAF312(siponimod) is a novel sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulator shown to delay progression in PMS. Besides reducing inflammation by sequestering lymphocytes in lymphoid tissues, BAF312 crosses the blood-brain barrier and binds its receptors on neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. To evaluate potential direct neuroprotective effects, BAF312 was systemically or locally administered in the CNS of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mice with distinct grey-and white-matter lesions(focal experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis using an osmotic mini-pump). Ex-vivo flow cytometry revealed that systemic but not local BAF312 administration lowered immune cell infiltration in animals with both grey and white matter lesions. Ex-vivo voltage-sensitive dye imaging of acute brain slices revealed an altered spatio-temporal pattern of activation in the lesioned cortex compared to controls in response to electrical stimulation of incoming white-matter fiber tracts. Here, BAF312 administration showed partial restore of cortical neuronal circuit function. The data suggest that BAF312 exerts a neuroprotective effect after crossing the blood-brain barrier independently of peripheral effects on immune cells. Experiments were carried out in accordance with German and EU animal protection law and approved by local authorities(Landesamt für Natur, Umwelt und Verbraucherschutz Nordrhein-Westfalen;87-51.04.2010.A331) on December 28, 2010.

关键词： multiple sclerosis focal experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis cortical grey matter white matter BAF312 neuroaxonal damage neuroprotection

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Visual rating and the use of image analysis for assessing canopy density in a pecan provenance collection during leaf fall

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Journal of Forestry Research 2023年第6期34卷 1843-1854页

作者： Cristina Pisani Clive H.bock Jennifer Randall United States Department of Agriculture−Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS)Southeastern Fruit and Tree Nut Research Station(SEFTNRS)ByronGA 31008USA Department of Entomology Plant Pathology and Weed ScienceNew Mexico State UniversityLas CrucesNM 88003USA

A collection representing the native range of pecan was planted at the US DA-ARS Southeastern Fruit and Tree Nut Research Station,Byron,*** collection(867 trees)is a valuable genetic resource for characterizing important horticultural *** density during leaf fall is important as the seasonal canopy dynamics provides insights to environmental cues and breeding potential of *** ability of visual raters to estimate canopy density on a subset of the provenance collection(76 trees)as an indicator of leaf shed during autumn along with image analysis values was *** canopy density using the image analysis software was less compared to visual estimates(11.9%vs 18.4%,respectively).At higher canopy densities,the raters overestimated foliage density,but overall agreement between raters and measured values was good(ρc=0.849 to 0.915),and inter-rater reliability was high(R^(2)=0.910 to 0.953).The provenance from Missouri(MOL),the northernmost provenance,had the lowest canopy density in November,and results show that the higher the latitude of the provenance,the lower the canopy *** on regression,the source provenance latitude explained 0.609 of the variation using image analysis,and0.551 to 0.640 when based on the rater estimates of canopy *** assessment of pecan canopy density due to late season leaf fall for comparing pecan genotypes provides accurate and reliable estimates and could be used in future studies of the whole provenance collection.

关键词： Carya illinoinensis Accuracy Reliability Canopy Foliage density Leaf area density Leaf area index

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Water hammer in the pump-rising pipeline system with an air chamber

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2014年第6期26卷 960-964页

作者： KIM Sang-Gyun LEE Kye-bock KIM Kyung-Yup Korea Water Resources Corporation School of Mechanical Engineering Chungbuk National University School of Mechanical Engineering Korea Polytechnic University

Water hammer following the tripping of pumps can lead to overpressure and negative pressure. Reduction in overpressure and negative pressure may be necessary to avoid failure, to improve the efficiency of operation and to avoid fatigue of system components. The field tests on the water hammer have been conducted on the pump rising pipeline system with an air chamber. The hydraulic transient was simulated using the method of characteristics. Minimizing the least squares problem representing the difference between the measured and predicted transient response in the system performs the calibration of the simulation program. Among the input variables used in the water hammer analysis, the polytropic exponent, the discharge coefficient and the wave speed were calibrated. The computer program developed in this study will be useful in designing the optimum parameters of an air chamber for the real pump pipeline system. The correct selection of air chamber size and the effect of the inner diameter of the orifice to minimize water hammer have been investigated by both field measurements and numerical modeling.

关键词： air chamber design parameter field test pump pipeline system water hammer

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Factors affecting trace element content in periurban market garden subsoil in Yunnan Province,China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2011年第3期23卷 488-496页

作者： Yanqun zu Laurent bock Christian Schvartz Gilles Colinet Yuan Li College of Resources and Environment Yunnan Agricultural University Kunming 650201 China Laboratory of Soil Science Gembloux Agro-bio Technology University Liege University Gembloux Belgium Laboratory of Soil and Environment Institute of Advanced Agriculture Catholic University Lille France

Field investigations were conducted to measure subsoil trace element content and factors influencing content in an intensive periurban market garden in Chenggong County, Yunnan Province, South-West China. The area was divided into three different geomorphological units： specifically, mountain （M）, transition （T） and lacustrine （L）. Mean trace element content in subsoil were determined for Pb （58.2 mg/kg）, Cd （0.89 mg/kg）, Cu （129.2 mg/kg）, and Zn （97.0 mg/kg）. Strong significant relationships between trace element content in topsoil and subsoil were observed. Both Pb and Zn were accumulated in topsoil （RTS （ratio of mean trace element in topsoil to subsoil） of Pb and Zn ≥1.0） and Cd and Cu in subsoil （RTS of Cd and Cu≤1.0）. Subsoil trace element content was related to relief, stoniness, soil color, clay content, and cation exchange capacity. Except for 7.5 YR （yellow-red） color, trace element content increased with color intensity from brown to reddish brown. Significant positive relationships were observed between Fe content and that of Pb and Cu. Trace element content in mountain unit subsoil was higher than in transition and lacustrine units （M 〉 T 〉 L）, except for Cu （T 〉 M 〉 L）. Mean trace element content in calcareous subsoil was higher than in sandstone and shale. Mean trace element content in clay texture subsoil was higher than in sandy and sandy loam subsoil, and higher Cu and Zn content in subsoil with few mottles. It is possible to model Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn distribution in subsoil physico-chemical characteristics to help improve agricultural practice.

关键词： trace elements subsoil topsoil relationships

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The Chlamydomonas Chloroplast HLP Protein Is Required for Nucleoid Organization and Genome Maintenance

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Molecular Plant 2009年第6期2卷 1223-1232页

作者： Daniel Karcher Dietrich Koster Anne Schadach Anja Klevesath Ralph bock Max-Planck-lnstitut fur Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie Am Muhlenberg 1 D-14476 Potsdam-Golm Germany

The chloroplasts genome （plastome） occurs at high copy numbers per cell. Several chloroplast genome copies are densely packed into nucleoprotein particles called nucleoids. How genome packaging occurs and which proteins organize chloroplast nucleoids are largely unknown. Here, we have analyzed the Chlamydornonas reinhardtii homolog of the bacterial architectural DNA-binding protein HU, the histone-like protein HLP. We show that the Chlarnydornonas HLP protein is targeted to chloroplasts and associates with nucleoids. Knockdown of HLP gene expression by RNA interference （RNAi） alters the structure of chloroplast nucleoids and appears to reduce the level of compaction of chloroplast DNA. Unexpectedly, also chloroplast genome copy numbers are significantly decreased in the RNAi strains, suggesting that, in addition to its architectural role in nucleoid formation, the HIP protein is also involved in chloroplast genome maintenance.

关键词： Chloroplast nucleoid Chlamydomonas reinhardtii HLP DNA-binding protein genome maintenance

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Fabrication of periodically aligned vertical singlecrystalline anatase TiO2 nanotubes with perfect hexagonal open-ends using chemical capping materials

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Nano Research 2014年第1期7卷 104-109页

作者： Hui Song Kyubong Jo bock Young Jung Gun Young Jung School of Materials Science and Engineering Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) Gwangju Republic of Korea Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Program of Integrated Biotechnology Sogang University Seoul Republic of Korea Department of General Dentistry College of Dentistry Yonsei University Seoul Republic of Korea

A vertically aligned anatase TiO2 （A-TiO2） nanotube array has been fabricated by coating a ZnO nanorod （NR） template with a TiO2 precursor solution. After coating, the ZnO NR cores were selectively etched in an acidic environment to form TiO2 nanotubes （NTs）. More specifically, after growing the ZnO NRs via a hydrothermal method, one drop of the TiO2 precursor solution was cast to coat the ZnO NRs, the tops of which were previously covered with chemical capping materials by electrostatic interaction, and then the sample was sintered. Finally, the sample was immersed in an acidic solution resulting in selective etching of the ZnO NR cores. Thus, only TiO2 NTs remained on the substrate. The capping material is effectively used to create a perfect, hexagonal open-ended TiO2 NT array, which interestingly extends onset absorption towards the visible region.

关键词： TiO2 nanotubes chemical capping material ZnO nanorod template laser interferencelithography

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A renormalization group approach to crowd psychology and inter-group coupling in social many-body systems

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2012年第2期57卷 247-252页

作者： KIM Chul Koo LEE Kong-Ju-bock CHUNG Myung-Hoon Institute of Physics and Applied Physics Yonsei University Department of Physics Ewha Woman's University Department of Physics Hongik University

By adopting majority rule within a renormalization group approach,we can show that the strength of inter-group interaction in a social system either grows or shrinks monotonically with increasing group size,depending on the initial coupling strength of individuals in the *** contrasts with the findings of previous studies in which the strength of the interaction grows with group size regardless of the initial *** approach clearly demonstrates that the phenomena of crowd psychology,such as an extreme anti-reaction between different ethnic or ideological groups,could be a consequence of the many-particle nature of social systems when the initial strength of the interaction is larger than a critical *** effect of neutral opinion holders is critically examined using the spin-one Ising *** critical size of the population of neutral opinion holders,that can prevent crowd polarization,depends on the block spin rule.

关键词：重整化群方法社会制度耦合强度从众心理多体系统群体相互作用初始强度

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Rerouting end-face-TIR capable rays to significantly increase evanescent wave signal power

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Chinese Optics Letters 2011年第4期9卷 18-20页

作者： Jianjun Ma Yasser Chiniforooshan Huacai Chen Jiahua Chen Wojtek J. bock Andrea Cusano Centre de Recherche en Photonique Departement d'informatique et d'ingenierie Universite du Quebec en Outaouais Gatineau Quebec JSX 3X7 Canada College of Optical and Electronic Technology China Jiliang University Hangzhou 310018 China Optoelectronic Division Engineering Department University of Sannio Benevento Italy

The critical findings associated with end-face total internal reflection （TIR） phenomemon we proved before are reported. In particular, these findings reveal that the end-face-TIR capable rays experience enormous mode mixing when encountering a roughened end face. As a result, 94% of the overall detectable power is contributed by this effect. With a smooth fiber end face, this figure is mere 52%. We interpret the mechanism behind these unusual phenomena and its significance for the performance enhancement of fiber optic evanescent wave sensor.

关键词： Refractive index

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Formation of intermetallic compound at interface between rare earth elements and ferritic-martensitic steel by fuel cladding chemical interaction

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Journal of Rare Earths 2012年第6期30卷 599-603页

作者： Jun Hwan Kim Byoung Oon Lee Chan bock Lee Seung Hyun Jee Young Soo Yoon Advanced Fuel Development Division Korea Atomic Energy Research InstituteP.O.Box 105YuseongDaejeon305-600Republic of Korea Department of Mate-rials Science and Engineering Yonsei University134 Sinchon DongSeoul120-749Republic of Korea

The intermetallic compounds formation at interface between rare earth elements and clad material were investigated to demonstrate the effects of rare earth elements on fuel-cladding chemical interaction （FCCI） behavior. Mischmetal （70Ce-30La） and Nd were prepared as rare earth elements. Diffusion couple testing was performed on the rare earth elements and cladding （9Cr2W steel） near the operation temperature of （sodium-cooled fast reactor） SFR fuel. The performance of a diffusion barrier consisting of Zr and V metallic foil against the rare earth elements was also evaluated. Our results showed that Ce and Nd in the rare earth elements and Fe in the clad material interdiffused and reacted to form intermetallic species according to the parabolic rate law, describing the migration of the rare earth element. The diffusion of Fe limited the reaction progress such that the entire process was governed by the cubic rate law. Rare earth materials could be used as a surrogate for high burnup metallic fuels, and the performance of the barrier material was demonstrated to be effective.

关键词： intermetallic compound sodium-cooled fast reactor (SFR) metallic fuel fuel-cladding chemical interaction (FCCI) rare earths Barrier

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Central corneal epithelium self-healing after ring-shaped glycerin-cryopreserved lamellar keratoplasty in Terrien marginal degeneration

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2013年第2期6卷 251-252页

作者： Yan-Long Bi Felix bock Qi Zhou Claus Cursiefen Department of Ophthalmology Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine Department of Ophthalmology University Hospital of Cologne

Dear Sir, I am Dr Yan-Long Bi, from the Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji University Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. I write to present a case report of total limbal stem cells deficiency after treatment with ring-shaped lamellar keratoplasty secondary to Terrien marginal degeneration. During 3 years

关键词： ring cell Figure Central corneal epithelium self-healing after ring-shaped glycerin-cryopreserved lamellar keratoplasty in Terrien marginal degeneration

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