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Benefits of Biochars and NPK Fertilizers for Soil Quality and Growth of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) in an Acid Arenosol

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Pedosphere 2019年第3期29卷 311-333页

作者： Rogerio Borguete Alves RAFAEL Maria Luisa FERNANDEZ-MARCOS stefania cocco Maria Letizia RUELLO Flavio FORNASIER Giuseppe CORTI Department of Rural Engineering Faculty of Agronomy and Forestry Engineering Universidade Eduardo Mondlane Maputo 257 (Mozambique) Department of Agriculture Food and Environmental Sciences Univ er sit a Politecnica delle Marche Ancona 60131 (Italy) Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry Universidad de Santiago de Compostela Lugo 27002 (Spain) Department of Materials Environmental Sciences and Urban Planning Universita Politecnica delle Marche Ancona 60131 (Italy) Centro di Ricerca Viticoltura ed Enologia Gorizia 34170 (Italy) Instituto de Biodiv ersidade Agraria e Desenvolvimento Rural Universidad de Santiago de Compostela Lugo 27002 (Spain)

Fertilization is required for optimum plant growth, particularly in unfertile soils, while optimizing nutrient use effciency is an alternative to reduce inorganic fertilizer needs and reduce environmental problems caused by nutrient leaching. This study investigated soil properties and cowpea yield responses to biochars(BCs) made from different feedstocks, baby corn peel biochar(BC1), branches of mango tree biochar(BC2), and rice husk biochar(BC3), applied in combination with nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium(NPK) *** experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, using an acid sandy soil(Arenosol) that was submitted for 70 d to the following eight treatments: i) control;ii) full dose of NPK(a commercial compound fertilizer(12-24-12 of N-P2O5-K2O)+ urea(46% N));iii) BC1+ half dose of NPK;iv) BC1 + full dose of NPK;v) BC2 + half dose of NPK;vi) BC2 + full dose of NPK;vii) BC3 + half dose of NPK;and viii) BC3 + full dose of NPK. All biochars were applied at a rate of 0.9%(weight/weight), and each type of biochar was combined with half and full doses of NPK fertilizers. Soil pH increased significantly(P < 0.05) in treatments with BC1 and BC2,while cation exchange capacity(CEC) and available P were higher in the treatments with BC1;BC1 and BC2 also induced higher activity of enzymes related to the P cycle and higher cowpea yield. Similar soil properties and cowpea yield parameters were obtained with the full and half doses of NPK fertilizers for each type of biochar used. In conclusion, biochars in the combination with NPK fertilizers improved soil chemistry and enzymatic activities, allowing reduced fertilizer application and food production costs in the acid soil studied.

关键词： acid soil nutrient use effciency organic amendment plant growth potential enzyme activity soil fertility soil pH

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Increased phosphorus availability to corn resulting from the simultaneous applications of phosphate rock, calcareous rock, and biochar to an acid sandy soil

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Pedosphere 2020年第6期30卷 719-733页

作者： Rogério Borguete Alves RAFAEL Maria Luisa FERNÁNDEZ-MARCOS stefania cocco Maria Letizia RUELLO Flavio FORNASIER Giuseppe CORTI Department of Rural Engineering Faculty of Agronomy and Forestry EngineeringUniversidade Eduardo MondlaneMaputo 257Mozambique Department of Agriculture Food and Environmental SciencesUniversitàPolitecnica delle MarcheAncona 60131Italy Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry Universidad de Santiago de CompostelaLugo 27002Spain Department of Materials Environmental Sciences and Urban PlanningUniversitàPolitecnica delle MarcheAncona 60131Italy Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura Centro di Ricerca per lo Studio delle Relazioni tra Pianta e Suolo(C.R.E.A.-R.P.S.)Gorizia 34170Italy Instituto de Biodiversidade Agraria e Desenvolvemento Rural Universidad de Santiago de CompostelaLugo 27002Spain

Phosphorus(P)deficiency is one of the main constraints on crop production in Arenosols(acid sandy soil).The high cost of P fertilizers may represent an insurmountable obstacle in many poor countries,leaving the exploitation of their own calcareous and phosphate rocks as the only low-cost and long-term *** is suggested to have positive effects on soil properties;however,there is no published research on the synergistic effects of biochar and rocky materials in modifying soil *** aim of this study was to investigate the chemical and biochemical responses of an acid Arenosol treated with phosphate rock(PR),calcareous rock(CR),and biochar(BC),and the implications for corn yield.A soil from Marracuene District,Mozambique was used,where corn was grown for 90 d with the soil treated with:no addition(control),water-soluble zinc phosphite fertilizer(WSP),PR,WSP+CR,WSP+BC,WSP+CR+BC,PR+BC,and PR+CR+*** was produced by pyrolysis of babycorn peels for 4 h at 450?C and applied at 11 g *** soil pHH2 Oincreased from about 4.54 in the control to 7.38 in the PR+CR+BC *** oxidizable organic carbon,cation exchange capacity,and available P were higher in the treatments containing BC than in the *** treatments containing CR and/or BC led to the highest activities of alkaline phosphomonoesterase,phosphodiesterase,andα-glucosidase,which increased P availability and gave the greatest biomass and *** suggest that biochar provides additional soluble P and supplies adsorption sites for phosphate,preventing its evolution to unavailable ***,PR applied together with BC contributed to an 840%yield increase compared to the *** treatments containing WSP and BC facilitated phosphite oxidation to phosphate and increased crop yield.

关键词： Arenosols available P enzyme activity phosphite oxidation soil fertility

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Assessment of Potential Nutrient Release from Phosphate Rock and Dolostone for Application in Acid Soils

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Pedosphere 2018年第1期28卷 44-58页

作者： Rogério Borguete Alves RAFAEL María Luisa FERNáNDEZ-MARCOS stefania cocco Maria Letizia RUELLO David C.WEINDORF Valeria CARDELLI Giuseppe CORTI Department of Rural Engineering University Eduardo Mondlane Department of Agriculture Food and Environmental Sciences Università Politecnica delle Marche Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry Universidad de Santiago de Compostela Department of Materials Environmental Sciences and Urban Planning Università Politecnica delle Marche Department of Plant and Soil Science Texas Tech University

Finding alternative local sources of plant nutrients is a practical, low-cost, and long-term strategy. In this study, laboratory column experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design to evaluate the feasibility of using phosphate rock and dolostone as fertilizers or acid-neutralizing agents for application in tropical acid soils. The dissolution rates of different particle-size fractions(0.063–0.25, 0.25–0.5, and 0.5–2 mm) of both rocks were studied by citric acid solution at p H 4 and 2 and water, with extraction times of 1, 3, 5, 7, 12, 24, 72, 144, 240, and 360 h. The results showed that the dissolution of both rocks depended on the particle size,leaching solution, and extraction time. The dissolution rate of rock-forming minerals increased as the specific surface area increased,corresponding to a decrease in particle size. In all cases, the release kinetics was characterized by two phases: 1) a first stage of rapid release that lasted 24 h and would ensure short-term nutrient release, and 2) a second stage of slow release after 24 h, representing the long-term nutrient release efficiency. Both rocks were suitable as slow-release fertilizers in strongly acid soils and would ensure the replenishment of P, Ca, and Mg. A combination of fine and medium particle-size fractions should be used to ensure high nutrient-release efficiency. Much work could remain to determine the overall impact of considerable amounts of fresh rocks in soils.

关键词： citric acid dissolution rate leaching solution particle-size fraction release kinetics slow-release fertilizer

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Soil bacterial communities under slash and burn in Mozambique as revealed by a metataxonomic approach

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Pedosphere 2023年第3期33卷 508-520页

作者： Dominique SERRANI Ilario FERROCINO Cristiana GAROFALO Andrea OSIMANI Maria Rita CORVAGLIA Vesna MILANOVIĆ Lucia AQUILANTI stefania cocco Valeria CARDELLI Rogério Borguete Alves RAFAEL Elena FRANCIOSI Kieran TUOHY Francesca CLEMENTI Giuseppe CORTI Department of Agriculture Food and Environmental SciencesPolytechnic University of MarcheAncona 60131(Italy) Department of Agriculture Forest and Food SciencesUniversity of TurinGrugliasco 10095(Italy) Department of Rural Engineering Faculty of Agronomy and Forestry EngineeringUniversidade Eduardo MondlaneMaputo 257(Mozambique) Research and Innovation Center Fondazione Edmund Mach(FEM)San Michele all'Adige 38010(Italy)

The slash-and-burn system is a subsistence agronomical practice widespread in tropical areas *** system has been extensively studied,especially for its impacts on agronomical aspects and soil physicochemical properties;however,knowledge of soil microbial diversity under slash and bum is *** this study,for the first time,soil bacterial diversity of three locations from Central Mozambique,where slash and burn has been practiced for different durations of the forest fallow period(ca.25,35,and 50 years),was elucidated through a metataxonomic *** communities were evaluated in the genetic horizons of soils under charcoal kilns,crop fields,and *** aim of this study was to examine the influence of spatial(location and land use),temporal(forest fallow period),and vertical(horizon)variations on bacterial community structure in relation to soil physicochemical *** analysis detected 25 different phyla whose distribution varied horizontally and vertically in relation to soil properties(i.e.,p H,easily oxidizable organic carbon,total nitrogen,and available phosphorus),as well as particle size distribution and mineralogical *** properties were strongly affected and altered by land-use management;in particular,charcoal kilns exhibited better soil properties and greater differences in bacterial community than crop fields and forests,which were quite *** might suggest the inability of a forest fallow period shorter than 50 years to improve soil fertility and induce changes in bacterial *** uncommon application of the pedological approach for microbial evaluation facilitated the detection of a clear separation in bacterial composition along the soil profile,with eutrophic bacteria mainly located in the A horizon whereas oligotrophic bacteria were found in the Bo *** horizontal and vertical heterogeneities in the same study represent a novelty for bacterial metataxonomic analysis.

关键词： 16S rRNA gene agroforestry land use soil microbiota soil physicochemical property

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Calcium-sensitive protein MLC1 as a possible modulator of the astrocyte functional state

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 2008-2010页

作者： Elena Ambrosini Angela Lanciotti Maria stefania Brignone Department of Neuroscience Istituto Superiore di SanitàRomeItaly

Astrocytes,the main population of glial cells in the central nervous system(CNS),exert essential tasks for the control of brain tissue homeostasis,supporting neuron and other glial cell activity from the developmental stage to adult *** maintain the optimal functionality of the brain,astroglial cells are particularly committed to reacting to every change in tissue homeostatic conditions,from mild modifications of the physiological environment,a process called astrocyte activation,to the more severe alterations occurring in pathological situations causing astrocyte reactivity or reactive astrogliosis(Escartin et al.,2021).During these reactive states,astrocytes mount an active,progressive response encompassing morphological,molecular,and interactional remodeling,leading to the acquisition of new functions and the loss of others,whose intensity,duration,and reversibility are dependent on the nature of the stimulus and regulated in a context-specific manner.

关键词： alterations modulator maintain

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Novel perspectives for neurodegeneration prevention: effects of bioactive polyphenols

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第7期16卷 1411-1412页

作者： stefania Crispi stefania Filosa Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources National Research Councilvia P.CastellinoNaplesItaly Department of Marine Biotechnology Stazione Zoologica Anton DohrnNapoliItaly Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Neuromed PozzilliItaly

Neurodegenerative diseases are becoming a big challenge for modern *** disorders strongly impact on patient and their ***, since the population is becoming older, these pathologies will deeply influence medical and socio-economic conditions in the next ***, efforts are needed to find new strategies devoted to define new protocols and identify novel substances able to prevent neurodegeneration or to improve the quality of life of people affected by neurodegenerative diseases(Alzheimer's Disease International, 2019).

关键词： prevention diseases neurodegeneration

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Polyphenols-gut microbiota interplay and brain neuromodulation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第12期13卷 2055-2059页

作者： stefania Filosa Francesco Di Meo stefania Crispi Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources National Research Council National Research Council via P. Castellino Naples Italy Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Neuromed Pozzilli Italy

Increasing evidence suggests that food ingested polyphenols can have beneficial effects in neuronal protection acting against oxidative stress and inflammatory injury. Moreover, polyphenols have been reported to promote cognitive functions. Biotransformation of polyphenols is needed to obtain metabolites active in brain and it occurs through their processing by gut microbiota. Polyphenols metabolites could directly act as neurotransmitters crossing the blood-brain barrier or indirectly by modulating the cerebrovascular system. The microbiota-gut-brain axis is considered a neuroendocrine system that acts bidirectionally and plays an important role in stress responses. The metabolites produced by microbiota metabolism can modulate gut bacterial composition and brain biochemistry acting as neurotransmitters in the central nervous system. Gut microbiota composition can be influenced by dietary ingestion of natural bioactive molecules such as probiotics, prebiotics and polyphenol. Microbiota composition can be altered by dietary changes and gastrointestinal dysfunctions are observed in neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, several pieces of evidence support the idea that alterations in gut microbiota and enteric neuroimmune system could contribute to onset and progression of these age-related disorders. The impact of polyphenols on microbiota composition strengthens the idea that maintaining a healthy microbiome by modulating diet is essential for having a healthy brain across the lifespan. Moreover, it is emerging that they could be used as novel therapeutics to prevent brain from neurodegeneration.

关键词： polyphenols gut-microbiota gut-brain axis metagenomic neurodegeneration neurotransmitters prebiotics probiotics

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Increased population density reduces body growth and female investment in a simultaneous hermaphrodite

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Current Zoology 2017年第2期63卷 151-157页

作者： Elio CANNARSA stefania MECONCELLI Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology Universita di Torino Via Accademia Albertina 13 10123 Torino Italy.

Sex allocation theory applied to hermaphrodites assumes that there is a trade off between the alloca- tion of resources to male and female functions, within a fixed reproductive resource budget. Charnov＇s classic resource allocation model predicts a more female-biased sex allocation when competition among different sperm donors is low due to diminishing fitness returns for male investment. By manipulating the social group size, one automatically changes the population density at which individ- uals live. Increasing population density may affect reproductive allocation, leading to resource compe- tition and/or to increased concentration of harmful metabolites. This could lead to an over- or under- estimation of the individual adjustment of sex allocation responses to mating opportunities. In this article, we tested the effects of density and social group size separately on female investment and body growth （considered as proxy of the overall energy budget） in the simultaneously hermaphroditic polychaete worm Ophryotrocha diadema. We manipulated social group size （i.e., monogamous and promiscuous regimes） and density （i.e., 4 levels） using a full-factorial design, to identify the underlying factor affecting female allocation （in terms of egg production） and body growth. In contrast to findings of previous experiments, we found that an increase in population density reduced body growth and egg production of hermaphrodites irrespective of social group size. We advance the hypothesis that the increase of catabolites and oxygen consumption in high-density conditions reduces the overall resource budget and this could obscure group size effects on female fecundity.

关键词： body growth female fecundity mating group size Ophryotrocha diadema resource budget.

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Modeling the methyldiethanolamine-piperazine scrubbing system for CO2 removal： Thermodynamic analysis

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2016年第1期10卷 162-175页

作者： stefania Moioli Laura A. Pellegrini Dipartimento di Chimica Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica 'G. Natta' Politecnico di Milano Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32 1-20 33 Milano Italy

Aqueous solutions of methyldiethanolamine （MDEA） and piperazine （PZ） are commonly used solvent nowadays. In this work a thermodynamic analysis with the Electrolyte-NRTL model has been performed for systems composed of acidic gases and MDEA＋ PZ aqueous solution. ASPEN Plus＇s has been used for thermodynamic modeling. Values of binary interaction parameters for liquid phase activity coefficients have been estimated from regressions of experimental data. Moreover, the influence of the interactions between ion pairs and MDEA or PZ molecular species has been analyzed. The final aim is to obtain a reliable tool for design and simulation of absorption and stripping columns, fundamentals also in order to carry out energy saving studies.

关键词： vapor-liquid equilibrium methyldietanola- mine piperazine regression Electrolyte-NRTL

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Image grid display:A study on automatic scrolling presentation

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Visual Informatics 2017年第1期1卷 16-24页

作者： Marco Porta stefania Ricotti Department of Electrical Computer and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly

In this paper we describe a study on image grid display with automatic vertical *** scroll operations are normally carried out manually by the user,in the context of RSVP(Rapid Serial Visual Presentation)techniques this work considers a presentation mode in which the image grid is automati-cally *** experiments carried out with 50 testers,we have investigated user performance while looking for specific target subjects within large collections of *** numbers of columns and scrolling speeds have been *** search task implied both clicking on the identified target pictures and simply vocally stating their visual *** this purpose,and to identify possible specific gaze behaviours,eye tracking technology has been *** obtained results show that number of columns and scroll speed do affect search ***,the user’s gaze tends to focus on different screen areas depending on the values of these two *** it is not possible to definitely find an optimal columns-speed combination that is valid in all cases,the particular context of use can suggest feasible solutions according to one’s *** the best of our knowledge,image grid display with automatic scrolling has never been studied to date.

关键词： Image griddisplay Automatic scrolling Image presentationmodes Image collections Rapid serialvisual presentation

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