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Criteria for defining and recognizing the various orders of sequences in outcrop sequence stratigraphy

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Science china Earth sciences 2004年第7期47卷 618-629页

作者： WANG Xunlian Faculty of Earth sciences and Mineral Resources, china University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, china state key laboratory of palaeobiology and stratigraphy, nanjing institute of geology and palaeontology, chinese academy of sciences, nanjing 210008, china Faculty of Earth sciences and Mineral Resources China University of Geosciences Beijing China state key laboratory of palaeobiology and stratigraphy Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing China

The regional distribution in different depositional facies belts is here regarded as an important criterion for defining and recognizing the various orders of sequences. The third-order sequence is possibly global in nature, which may be discerned in different depositional facies belts in one continental margin and can be correlated over long distances, sometimes even worldwide. Commonly, correlation of subsequence (fourth-order sequence with time interval of 0.51.5 Ma) is difficult in different facies belts, although some of them may also be worldwide in distribution. A subsequence should be able to discern and correlate within at least one facies belt. The higher-order sequences, including microsequence (fifth-order sequence) and minisequence (sixth-order sequence), are regional or local in distribution. They may reflect the longer and shorter Milankovitch cycles respectively. Sequence and subsequence are usually recognizable in different facies belts, while microsequence and minisequence may be distinguished only in shallow marine deposits, but not in slope and basin facies deposits. A brief discussion is made on the essential conditions for correct identification of sequences, useful methods of study, and problems meriting special attention in outcrop sequence stratigraphy.

关键词： outcrop sequence stratigraphy, facies belt, sequence, subsequence, microsequence, minisequence, meter-scale cyclothem, Milankovitch cycle.

A Miocene Flora from Daotaiqiao Formation in Sifangtai Village,Huanan County,Heilongjiang Province,NE china with Palaeoclimatical and Palaeophytogeological Significance

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地学前缘 2009年第S1期16卷 257-258页

作者： Qing Jiang,Qin Leng state key laboratory of palaeobiology and stratigraphy,nanjing institute of geology and palaeontology,chinese academy of sciences,nanjing 210008,china.

A Neogene biota was found from the yellowish green or dark gray clay of the Daotaiqiao Formation in gold placer mines in Sifangtai Village,Huanan County,Heilongjiang Province,NE china in the *** age was determined biostratigraphically to be late Middle Miocene to Late Miocene(most possibly Late Miocene) by vertebrate fossils and floral (including palynological) assemblage *** Miocene age(showing drastic global climate

关键词： megafossil plants Miocene Daotaiqiao Formation

The developmental trend of labrum and median eyes of Orsten-type preserved Phosphatocopina (Crustacea)

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Science china Earth sciences 2010年第1期53卷 18-26页

作者： LIU Zheng 1,2 & DONG XiPing 1,2 1 School of Earth and Space sciences,Peking University,Beijing 100871,china 2 state key laboratory of palaeobiology and stratigraphy,nanjing institute of geology and palaeontology,chinese academy of sciences,nanjing 210008,china School of Earth and Space sciences Peking University Beijing China state key laboratory of palaeobiology and stratigraphy Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing China

The Phosphatocopina (Crustacea,Arthropoda) is an important group of 'Orsten-type' preserved *** is resolved as the sister-group of *** we study the labrum,the median eyes,and the inner lamella of Phosphatocopina based on the selected specimens respectively from western Hunan,South china,and *** labrum characters of different species exhibit interspecific *** ratio of labrum length/shield length is significant to the reconstruction of the ontogeny of *** labrum characters should be introduced to the diagnosis of *** the earliest growth stage,the median eyes were inconspicuous,almost as flat as the other area of the ***,with the growth of the individuals they became *** were two obviously concave structures on the ventral side of the hypostome in later stages,which were the positions where the median eyes should have been *** addition,the two modes of preservation of the inner lamella,i.e.,that of shrinking and that of bulging up,are interpreted as the preservational artifact herein.

关键词： Phosphatocopina Crustacea Orsten-type preservation morphology ontogeny Cambrian South china Sweden

Two new species of Vestrogothia (Phosphatocopina, Crustacea) of Orsten-type preservation from the Upper Cambrian in western Hunan, South china

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Science china Earth sciences 2009年第6期52卷 784-796页

作者： ZHANG HuaQiao1,2 & DONG XiPing1,2 1 School of Earth and Space sciences,Peking University,Beijing 100871,china 2 state key laboratory of palaeobiology and stratigraphy,nanjing institute of geology and palaeontology,chinese academy of sciences,nanjing 210008,china School of Earth and Space sciences Peking University Beijing China state key laboratory of palaeobiology and stratigraphy Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing China

Although fossils of Orsten-type preservation represented by Skaracarida and Phosphatocopina were first reported from the Middle and Upper Cambrian in western Hunan, South china in 2005, diversified phosphatocopine species have never been appropriately described and elucidated in terms of their evolutionary relationships. Here, we described two new species of Phosphatocopina, Vestrogothia anterispinata sp. nov. and V. bispinata sp. nov. The evolutionary relationship among all the valid species of Phosphatocopina is discussed and the phylogeny of Phosphatocopina is reestablished using cladistic analysis. Accordingly, phosphatocopines primitively evolved along two lineages: one evolved towards the emergence of lobes; the other evolved towards the emergence of dorsal spines. Respectively, lobes originated independently three times, and dorsal spines originated only once. With regard to the dorsal rims, interdorsum originated first, whereas dorsal furrow originated independently twice on the basis of interdorsum. Probably Hesslandona may represent a polyphyletic group, whereas Vestrogothia a monophyletic group.

关键词： fossils of Orsten-type preservation Vestrogothia Phosphatocopina Crustacea evolution phylogeny Cambrian Hunan

A new method to prepare clean cuticular membrane from fossil leaves with thin and fragile cuticles

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Science china Earth sciences 2011年第2期54卷 223-227页

作者： WANG Li1,2 & LENG Qin1,3 1 state key laboratory of palaeobiology and stratigraphy,nanjing institute of geology and palaeontology,chinese academy of sciences,nanjing 210008,china 2 Graduate School of chinese academy of sciences,Beijing 100049,china 3 Department of Science and Technology,Bryant University,Smithfield RI 02917,USA state key laboratory of palaeobiology and stratigraphy Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing China Graduate School of chinese academy of sciences Beijing China Department of Science and Technology Bryant University Smithfield USA

Leaf cuticle analysis has long been a powerful tool for fossil plant identification, systematics, and palaeoclimatological recon- struction. In recent decades the application of stomatal frequency data that are relied on precise calculation of stomata on plant fossil cuticles to reconstruct ancient atmospheric CO2 concentration made the preparation of cuticular membrane with sufficient size a critical technique in palaeoclimatological research. However, for plants with originally thin and fragile cuticles, e.g., most deciduous plants, conventional techniques sometimes fail to obtain cuticular membranes with sufficient size, or sometimes unable to recover any. This has largely hampered the usage of fossil cuticle analysis in palaeobotanical and palaeo- climatological research. Here, we describe a new method using clear nail polish as a medium to ＂strengthen＂ the originally thin and fragile cuticles prior to maceration procedures. We demonstrate the method by using middle Eocene Metasequoia fossils that were notorious for the difficulty of recovering large-sized clean cuticular membranes due to their thin and fragile nature. Metasequoia, with well-documented and widely-distributed fossil records since the Late Cretaceous and with a living repre- sentative, 114. glyptostroboides, as a comparative reference, bas been widely used as a model genus for the study of evolution of plants, palaeoclimatological reconstruction, and plant adaptation to climate changes. But its deciduous habit produces thin cuticles and makes the preparation of clean cuticular membranes a tedious process. The new method successfully allows us to recover its delicate cuticular membranes with sufficient sizes for SEM observation and stomatal frequency analysis.

关键词： fossil leaf cuticle Metasequoia new method thin and fragile cuticle SEM observation stomatal frequency CO2

Male spike strobiles with Gnetum affinity from the Early Cretaceous in western Liaoning,Northeast china

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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2009年第2期47卷 93-102页

作者： 1,2Shuang-Xing GUO 3Jin-Geng SHA 4Li-Zeng BIAN 5Yin-Long QIU 1(Department of Palaeobotany and Palynology,nanjing institute of geology and Paleontology,chinese academy of sciences,nanjing 210008,china) 2(laboratory of Biodiversity and Biogeography,Kunming institute of Botany,chinese academy of sciences,Kunming 650204,china) 3(state key laboratory of palaeobiology and stratigraphy,nanjing institute of geology and palaeontology,chinese academy of sciences,nanjing 210008,china) 4(College of Earth sciences,nanjing University,nanjing 210093,china) 5(Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology,The University Herbarium,University of Michigan,Ann Arbor,MI 48109-1048,USA) Department of Palaeobotany and Palynology Nanjing Institute of Geology and Paleontology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China laboratory of Biodiversity and Biogeography Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650204 China state key laboratory of palaeobiology and stratigraphy Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China College of Earth sciences Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology The University Herbarium University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109–1048 USA

A fossil with Gnetum affinity was found in the Jianshangou Member(Barremian Age) of the Yixian Formation(Lower Cretaceous Epoch) of the Jehol Group in western Liaoning,northeastern *** single fossil specimen is represented by both elongate-cylindrical male spike strobiles which borne within a nodal bract of cauliflorous *** spike strobiles have apparent nodes,invisible internodes,and numerous verticillate involucral *** microsporangiate units within involucral collars are not *** male spike strobiles with verticillate involucral collars occur exclusively in Gnetum;hence,the fossil strobiles are attributed to a new taxon,Khitania columnispicata gen.& ***.,being closely related to *** general isotopic dating suggests an age of Barremian,ca.125-122 million years(Myr) ago for the Jianshangou *** palaeoecological and palaeoclimatic inference based on the compositions of flora and fauna,and lithological characters of the fossil locality suggests that the fossil plants grew in a subtropical mesophytic forest and under a warmer *** remains of male spike strobiles are the first record of gnetalean *** documents the evolution of the distinct gnetoid morphology and indicates a wider range of distribution of Gnetaceae in the Early Cretaceous than present day.

关键词： biogeography Early Cretaceous Gnetum affinity male spike strobiles northeastern china

The great Ordovician radiation of marine life: Examples from South china

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2008年第1期18卷 1-12页

作者： Renbin Zhan a,*, Jisuo Jin b, Yuandong Zhang a, Wenwei Yuan a a state key laboratory of palaeobiology and stratigraphy, nanjing institute of geology and palaeontology, chinese academy of sciences, nanjing 210008, china b Department of Earth sciences, University of Western Ontario, London Ont., Canada N6A 5B7 state key laboratory of palaeobiology and stratigraphy Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China Department of Earth sciences University of Western Ontario London Ont. Canada N6A 5B7

The Ordovician radiation is the earliest and most important biodiversification event in the evolution of the Paleozoic Evolutionary Fauna (PEF), when the basic framework of PEF was established. The radiation underwent a gradual, protracted process spanning more than 40 million years and was marked by several diversity maxima of the PEF. Case studies conducted on the Upper Yangtze Platform (South china Palaeoplate) showed that the Ordovician radiation was characterized by drastic increases in a- and b-diversity in various groups of organisms. During the radiation, brachiopods, trilobites, and graptolites of the PEF became more diverse to dominate over the Cambrian Evolutionary Fauna (CEF) in all marine environments. At either global or regional scales, however, the Ordovician radiation was highly heterogeneous in time and space, and the rate and pattern of radiation exhibited by difierent major fossil groups were also variable.

关键词： Ordovician radiation Paleozoic Evolutionary Fauna a-diversity b-diversity Upper Yangtze Platform

Anatomical variations of living and fossil Liquidambar leaves:A proxy for paleoenvironmental reconstruction

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Science china Earth sciences 2011年第4期54卷 493-508页

作者： XIAO Liang 1,2,3,4,SUN BaiNian 1,2,,LI XiangChuan 1,REN WenXiu 1 &JIA Hui 1 1 key laboratory of Western china's Environmental Systems of the Ministry of Education and College of Earth and Environment Science,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,china 2 state key laboratory of palaeobiology and stratigraphy,nanjing institute of geology and palaeontology,chinese academy of sciences,nanjing 210008,china 3 College of Arts and sciences,Bryant University,Smithfield RI 02917,U.S.A. 4 key laboratory of Western china's Mineral Resources and Geological Engineering of Ministry of Education,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,china key laboratory of Western china’s Environmental Systems of the Ministry of Education and College of Earth and Environment Science Lanzhou University Lanzhou China state key laboratory of palaeobiology and stratigraphy Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing China College of Arts and sciences Bryant University Smithfield USA key laboratory of Western china’s Mineral Resources and Geological Engineering of Ministry of Education Chang’an University Xi’an China

Based on living ***,we have established that such epidermal cell properties as epidermal cell circumference(Circum.) ,undulation index(UI) ,epidermal cell area(EA) on both upper and lower epidermis and the corresponding epidermal cell density(ED) ,are suitable to differentiate between sun and shade ***,stomatal properties on the lower epidermis,including stomatal length(SL) ,stomatal pore length(PL) and the corresponding stomatal density(SD) ,are reliable parameters to identify sun/shade *** this anatomical approach was applied to 18 leaf remains of *** from the Miocene Xiannanshan Formation,Zhejiang Province(eastern china) ,and the fossil leaves were sorted into two groups,namely,sun and shade *** indicates that anatomical differences between sun and shade leaves found in living species could be used for fossil ***,the variation of UI between sun and shade morphotypes is larger on the upper epidermis as compared with the lower epidermis,showing that the UI on the upper epidermis is more sensitive to environmental *** addition,anatomical features are more variable in sun leaves than in shade leaves for both modern and fossil Liquidambar,suggesting sun leaves may be more sensitive to environmental *** leaves can then be a better indicator of paleoenvironmental ***,stomatal parameters of sun morphotype should be adopted on reconstructing paleoenvironments using Liquidambar leaf *** the other hand,the three-lobed fossil *** leaf assemblage in the Xiananshan Formation is represented by an almost similar percentage of sun and shade morphotypes(56%and 44%,respectively) ,which is attributed to the short transport before *** a result,identifying sun/shade morphotypes are very useful in reconstructing paleoenvironments based on fossil leaves of Liquidambar.

关键词： Liquidambar formosana Liquidambar miosinica leaf anatomy the Miocene Xiananshan Formation sun and shade leaves

RADIATION OF THE FUSULINOIDEANS BETWEEN THE TWO PHASES OF THE END-PERMIAN MASS EXTINCTION, SOUTH china

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RADIATION OF THE FUSULINOIDEANS BETWEEN THE TWO PHASES OF TH...