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Plant population and genotype effects override the effects of Epichloë endophyte species on growth and drought stress response of Achnatherum robustum plants in two natural grass populations

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2015年第6期8卷 633-641页

作者： Tong Jia Tatsiana Shymanovich Yu-Bao Gao stanley h.faeth Department of Plant Biology and Ecology College of Life SciencesNankai University94 Weijin RoadTianjin 300071China Department of Biology University of North Carolina Greensboro312 Eberhart Bldg.GreensboroNC 27412USA

Aims In cool-season grasses,systemic and vertically transmitted Epichloëinfections often provide a suite of benefits including increased growth,reproduction and competitive ***,these effects of Epichloëendophytes on their hosts often depend upon host and endophyte genotype and environmental *** Achnatherum robustum(sleepygrass)harbors at least two Epichloëspecies within natural populations in the southwest *** tested the effects of endophyte infection and species,host population and plant genotype(by experimentally removing the endophyte),and soil moisture(a key limiting factor)on growth and drought stress response of infected *** plants from two populations(Weed and Cloudcroft)in the sacremento mountains of New mexico,USA).Important Findingsalthough the two populations harbor distinct Epichloëspecies each with very different chemoprofiles,neither endophyte status(infected ***)nor endophyte species affected most growth param-eters at 8 or 25 weeks of the experiment,except for leaf *** high water treatment,infected plants from the Weed population had longer leaf length compared with uninfected *** contrast,the population of origin affected all growth parameters,including plant height,leaf number,length and width,tiller number and shoot and root biomass,as well as wilting *** from the Cloudcroft population generally showed greater growth than grasses from the Weed *** infection did affect wilting time,with infection in the Weed population generally reducing time to wilting under low and high water,whereas infection in the Cloudcroft population reduced time to wilting only under high water *** results suggest that plant population and their associated plant genotypes may play a much larger role in endophyte-host grass interactions in varying environments than previously *** Epichloëspecies may be compatible with only specific host genotypes within populations such

关键词： endophyte genotype Epichloe infection growth parameters sleepygrass wilting time

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Neotyphodium fungal endophyte in tall fescue (Schedonorus phoenix): a comparison of three Northern European wild populations and the cultivar Kentucky-31

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Fungal Diversity 2013年第3期60卷 15-24页

作者： Pedro E.Gundel Marjo helander Cecilia Casas Cyd E.hamilton stanley h.faeth Kari Saikkonen MTT Agrifood Research Finland Plant Production Research31600 JokioinenFinland IFEVA-CONICET–Faculty of Agronomy Buenos Aires University(UBA)Buenos AiresArgentina Department of Biology Section of EcologyUniversity of Turku20014 TurkuFinland Soil Science Division Faculty of AgronomyBuenos Aires University(UBA)Buenos AiresArgentina Department of Biology University of North CarolinaGreensboroNC 27402-6170USA

Pooideae grasses may be colonized by systemic fungal *** fitness of endophyte depends entirely on resources and seed transmission from the host plant,while colonized plants may gain increased survival,growth,and reproduction relative to their uncolonized *** research of endophyte-grass interactions have been carried out on few cultivars of tall fescue(Schedonorus phoenix)and their symbiont Neotyphodium *** of studies using wild populations of tall fescue across the species natural distribution range,however,limits the understanding of the ecological and evolutionary role of the symbiosis in *** performed a common garden experiment in Southern Finland with three wild,tall fescue populations from northern Europe and the forage cultivar Kentucky-31(KY-31).For each population,we used naturally endophyte-colonized,naturally endophytecolonized but endophyte removed(decolonized),and naturally uncolonized plants to separate effects due to the host genotype from the *** evaluated growth variables and survival in four environmental treatments of varying water and *** of water and nutrients increased plant biomass and reproductive effort in all *** effect was higher for KY-31 plants which produced on average 55%more seeds than wild plants,indicating better adaptation to high resource ***,the higher incidence of Claviceps *** the low winter survival indicated KY-31 tall fescue is mal-adapted to Northern European *** colonized plants had greater plant biomass(≈12%),reproductive effort(≈22%)and seed mass(≈29%)than naturally uncolonized and decolonized ***,endophyte colonization did not affect plant survival,and the effects of endophyte colonization on tiller number,panicle/tiller ratio and Claviceps *** depended on the population *** the wild populations,endophyte removal only reduced the number of tillers(≈29%lower),while the differen

关键词： Plant-microbial symbiosis Grass Symbiosis Vertically transmitted symbiont Claviceps

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Spontaneous Recovery in Directed Dynamical Networks

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Engineering 2024年第6期37卷 208-214页

作者： Xueming Liu Xian Yan h.Eugene stanley School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation&The MOE Engineering Research Center of Autonomous Intelligent Unmanned Systems&the Key Laboratory of Image Processing Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China Center for Polymer Studies Department of PhysicsBoston UniversityBostonMA 02215USA

Complex networked systems,which range from biological systems in the natural world to infrastructure systems in the human-made world,can exhibit spontaneous recovery after a failure;for example,a brain may spontaneously return to normal after a seizure,and traffic flow can become smooth again after a *** studies on the spontaneous recovery of dynamical networks have been limited to undirected ***,most real-world networks are *** fill this gap,we build a model in which nodes may alternately fail and recover,and we develop a theoretical tool to analyze the recovery properties of directed dynamical *** find that the tool can accurately predict the final fraction of active nodes,and the prediction accuracy decreases as the fraction of bidirectional links in the network increases,which emphasizes the importance of directionality in network *** to different initial states,directed dynamical networks may show alternative stable states under the same control parameter,exhibiting hysteresis *** addition,for networks with finite sizes,the fraction of active nodes may jump back and forth between high and low states,mimicking repetitive failure-recovery *** findings could help clarify the system recovery mechanism and enable better design of networked systems with high resilience.

关键词： Network resilience Directed dynamical networks Spontaneous recovery

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有向动态网络的自发恢复（英文）

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Engineering 2024年第6期 208-214页

作者：刘雪明闫贤 h.Eugene stanley School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation & The MOE Engineering Research Center of Autonomous Intelligent Unmanned Systems & the Key Laboratory of Image Processing Huazhong University of Science and Technology Center for Polymer Studies Department of Physics Boston University

Complex networked systems, which range from biological systems in the natural world to infrastructure systems in the human-made world, can exhibit spontaneous recovery after a failure; for example, a brain may spontaneously return to normal after a seizure, and traffic flow can become smooth again after a jam. Previous studies on the spontaneous recovery of dynamical networks have been limited to undirected networks. however, most real-world networks are directed. To fill this gap, we build a model in which nodes may alternately fail and recover, and we develop a theoretical tool to analyze the recovery properties of directed dynamical networks. We find that the tool can accurately predict the final fraction of active nodes, and the prediction accuracy decreases as the fraction of bidirectional links in the network increases, which emphasizes the importance of directionality in network dynamics. Due to different initial states, directed dynamical networks may show alternative stable states under the same control parameter, exhibiting hysteresis behavior. In addition, for networks with finite sizes, the fraction of active nodes may jump back and forth between high and low states, mimicking repetitive failure-recovery processes. These findings could help clarify the system recovery mechanism and enable better design of networked systems with high resilience.

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Seedling Blight of Festuca arizonica Caused by Rhizoctonia solani

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2011年第1期2卷 50-51页

作者： Mopuri N. Reddy stanley h. faeth 不详

We report here a damping-off disease occurring at the seedling stage of the grass Festuca arizonica (Arizona fescue) that is caused by the soil-borne fungal pathogen Rhizoctonia solani.

关键词： Damping-off Endophytes Festuca Arizonica Rhizoctonia Solani

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Damping-Off of Festuca arizonica Caused by Fusarium

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2010年第2期1卷 104-105页

作者： Mopuri N. Reddy stanley h. faeth 不详

We report here a damping-off disease occurring at the seedling stage, resulting in severe loss of the seedling stands caused by an important soil-borne fungal pathogen, Fusarium oxysporum. Endophyte-infected plants ap... 详细信息

关键词： Damping-off Endophytes Festuca arizonica Fusarium

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Experimental tests for a liquid-liquid critical point in water

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2020年第12期63卷 30-71页

作者： Domenico Mallamace Carmelo Corsaro Francesco Mallamace h.Eugene stanley Department ChiBioFarAm(Industrial Chemistry) University of MessinaERIC and CASPE/INSTMMessina 98166Italy Dipartimento MIFT Universitàdi MessinaMessina 98166Italy Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridge MA 02139USA Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi(ISC)-CNR Rome 00185Italy Center for Polymer Studies and Department of Physics Boston UniversityBoston MA 02215USA

Water is a fascinating *** composition is simple—one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms—but its chemistry and physics are extremely complex and exhibit 75 documented *** these anomalies and their molecular origin are not completely understood,we know that hydrogen bonds play key roles in all of the phases of ***,there is experimental evidence that the polymorphism of the ice structure extends into the liquid phase and is associated with a liquid-liquid coexistence *** is currently a topic of great interest in water research because there are indications that the end point of the coexistence line corresponds to a second critical point inside the supercooled liquid *** examine the recent progress in understanding water anomalies and the liquid-liquid phase transition hypothesis,including the results of recent experimental work and molecular simulations of both bulk and confined *** examine experimental results that test whether the behavior of liquid water is consistent with the"liquid polymorphism"hypothesis that liquid water can exist in two distinct phases of differing *** also examine recent research on the anomalies of nanoconfined water and,in particular,on water in biological *** find that the concept of liquid polymorphism can also describe the properties of other liquids that have two characteristic length scales.

关键词： hydrophobic-hydrophilic interactions water systems thermal properties

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The Effects of Zinc Sulfate on the in Vitro Digestibility of Feeds in Cervids

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2024年第3期14卷 157-167页

作者： Reese J. Thibodeaux Philip M. Urso stanley F. Kelley Marcy M. Beverly Chris R. Stewart Ian C. Dunn Gentech Diagnostics Dallas Texas USA Department of Animal Science South Dakota State University Brookings South Dakota USA School of Agricultural Sciences Sam Houston State University Huntsville Texas USA 3-S Texas Outdoors/3-S Whitetails Bedias Texas USA

The captive white-tailed deer industry has an estimated impact of 1.6 billion USD in the state of Texas alone. however, nutritional requirements for cervids are determined through research based on sheep and goats. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of zinc on differences in dry matter digestibility in vitro for white-tailed does (Odocoileus virginianus). Deer (n = 2) were ethically harvested, rumens were collected, and placed into a cooler containing warm water. Rumen contents were agitated, and fluid was filtered using cheese cloth while applying CO2. Fluid was placed into four separate incubator jars with filter bags containing a 1:1 alfalfa to coastal hay blend. Zinc doses of 0.073 mg/kg/d equivalents were added to two of the jars ( Zn), and the additional two jars received 0.00 mg/kg/d (CON). Following 48 h of incubation, in vitro true digestibility (IVTD) showed no significant differences between the control and the treatment groups. Average dry matter digested in vitro was 91.87% and 95.13%, respectively. There were no differences detected in ADF, NDF, IVTD, or OM between the treatment groups. While no detectable differences were observed in this study, this methodology did prove to be viable and functional for microbial digestion in vitro. This study can be replicated with multiple experimental units to confirm the observations of increased digestibility. Formal nutritional guidelines can be created to allow for more efficient feeding of cervids thereby reducing feed costs and continuing the growth of the captive deer industry.

关键词： Zinc IVDMD In Vitro Cervids

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Water and lysozyme： Some results from the bending and stretching vibrational modes

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Frontiers of physics 2015年第5期10卷 27-34页

作者： FrancescoMallamace Carmelo Corsaro Domenico Mallamace Cirino Vasi Nicola Cicero h. Eugene stanley Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra Universita di Messina 1-98166 Messina Italy Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA Center for Polymer Studies and Department of Physics Boston University Boston MA 02215 USA Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-IPCF Messina 1-98166 Messina Italy Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Ambiente della Sicurezza del Territorio degli Alimenti e della Salute Universita di Messina Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31 98166 Messina Italy

The dynamic or glass transition in biomolecules is important to their functioning. Also essential is the transition between the protein native state and the unfolding process. To better understand these transitions, we use Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to study the vibrational bending and stretching modes of hydrated lysozymes across a wide temperature range. We find that these transitions are triggered by the strong hydrogen bond coupling between the protein and hydration water. More precisely, we demonstrate that in both cases the water properties dominate the evolution of the system. We find that two characteristic temperatures are relevant： in the supercooled regime of confined water, the fragile-to-strong dynamic transition occurs at TL, and in the stable liquid phase, T＊ 315 ± 5 K characterizes the behavior of both isothermal compressibility KT（T, P） and the coefficient of thermal expansion ap（T, P）.

关键词： protein unfolding hydration water infrared spectroscopy

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Tropical pyomyositis presenting as sepsis with acute respiratory distress syndrome

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2011年第4期4卷 325-327页

作者： Siddalingana Gouda TG h Manjunath hande Weena stanley Ragini Bargur Department of Medicine Kasturba Medical College

Tropical pyomyositis is an underdiagnosed *** reported a 35 year old male farmer,who presented with septicemia and acute respiratory distress syndrome due to pyomyositis involving the paraspinal *** of the pus grew methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus, and the patient recovered after surgical drainage and antibiotic treatment Diagnostic delays can be avoided if tropical pyomyositis is considered as a differential diagnosis in patients with septicemia.

关键词： Tropical pyomyositis Staphylococcus aureus Sepsis Acute respiratory distress syndrome

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