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用人体细胞制备狂犬病疫苗的进展和远景

微生物学免疫学进展 1983年第1期 53-58页

作者： stanley a plotkin ,孟秀园 ,梁名奕

到1984年,世界将庆祝Louis pasteur发明狂犬病疫苗一百周年。1885年他制成疫苗,第一次给一个叫Josef Meister的小孩使用,自从1884年以来的头三分之二世纪里,在狂犬病研究中很少有很本性的进展。而在本世纪的最近几年中,则有突破。包括... 详细信息

到1984年,世界将庆祝Louis pasteur发明狂犬病疫苗一百周年。1885年他制成疫苗,第一次给一个叫Josef Meister的小孩使用,自从1884年以来的头三分之二世纪里,在狂犬病研究中很少有很本性的进展。而在本世纪的最近几年中,则有突破。包括对狂犬病的形态和抗原性的阐述。使用抗狂犬病血清提高其保护作用。并研制出了安全有效的组织培养疫苗。在这项工作中,Hilary Koprowski和他的同事Tadeusz Wiktor的Wistar研究所实验室里,就象早年在Pasteur研究院实验室研究狂犬病一样,取得了卓越的成就。

关键词：狂犬病疫苗抗体反应免疫性疫苗反应皮内注射

Cultural Exclusion and the Transformation of the Cultural Landscape: The Origins of Anti-Chinese Racism in Canada

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Social Sciences in China 2024年第3期45卷 181-202页

作者： Timothy J.stanley Faculty of Education University of Ottawa

Anti-Chinese racism in Canada is a social structure of racialized exclusion that over time came to be built into the settler colonialism that continues to shape the *** of European,and especially of British and French origins,have consequently created the cultural landscapes that constitute the country(i.e.,its material constructions and dominant cultural overlays).When read against these landscapes,people of Chinese origins and members of other racialized groups continue to be positioned as aliens who do not belong in the country in way in which people racialized as white are *** on British Columbia(BC),Canada's westernmost province,and the historical activity of people of Chinese origins,this paper traces the history of anti-Chinese racism and its links to Anglo-Canadian settler *** has long been linked to China,and the Chinese entered BC at the same time as Europeans before the country *** this,Chinese people have repeatedly been positioned as threats to Anglo-Canadian dominance,and especially to control over the land and its *** Canadian resistance to racist exclusions,along with that of other groups,has led to the elimination of legislated ***,historic exclusions continue to shape cultural landscapes and popular understandings of who belongs and who does *** these landscapes requires an antiracist project of pursuing common projects that cross over racialized differences to remake the territory in ways that affirm the presence of all the peoples of Canada.

关键词： Chinese Canadians cultural exclusion white supremacy racism

Fetal Urinary Obstruction and Intervention for Sacrococcygeal Teratoma:A Case Report From Kenya

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Maternal-Fetal Medicine 2024年第3期6卷 196-200页

作者： Maryanne Muthoni Mwangi Sikolia Wanyonyi stanley Mugambi Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Aga Khan UniversityNairobi 30270-00100Kenya Department of pediatric Surgery Aga Khan UniversityNairobi 30270-00100Kenya

Fetal lower urinary tract obstruction is a rare condition commonly associatedwith significant perinatalmorbidity andmortality,particularly when detected in the second *** concurrent presentation of a recto-urethral fistula with membranous urethral atresia and sacrococcygeal teratoma has not been *** describe a case of extrinsic fetal lower urinary tract obstruction related to a recto-urethral fistula,diagnosed at 33 weeks gestation and managed by serial vesicocentesis until 38 *** case,notable for its absence of hypoplasia despite late diagnosis,resulted in a term delivery of a male *** delivery,pediatric surgeons performed an abdominal perineal resection of the *** vesicocentesis remains a viable management option for patients without access to intrauterine surgical interventions.

关键词： Lower urinary tract symptom Fetal lower urinary tract obstruction Vesicocentesis Sacrococcygeal teratoma Rectourinary fistula

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有向动态网络的自发恢复（英文）

Engineering 2024年第6期 208-214页

作者：刘雪明闫贤 H.Eugene stanley School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation & The MOE Engineering Research Center of Autonomous Intelligent Unmanned Systems & the Key Laboratory of Image Processing Huazhong University of Science and Technology Center for Polymer Studies Department of Physics Boston University

Complex networked systems, which range from biological systems in the natural world to infrastructure systems in the human-made world, can exhibit spontaneous recovery after a failure; for example, a brain may spontaneously return to normal after a seizure, and traffic flow can become smooth again after a jam. Previous studies on the spontaneous recovery of dynamical networks have been limited to undirected networks. However, most real-world networks are directed. To fill this gap, we build a model in which nodes may alternately fail and recover, and we develop a theoretical tool to analyze the recovery properties of directed dynamical networks. We find that the tool can accurately predict the final fraction of active nodes, and the prediction accuracy decreases as the fraction of bidirectional links in the network increases, which emphasizes the importance of directionality in network dynamics. Due to different initial states, directed dynamical networks may show alternative stable states under the same control parameter, exhibiting hysteresis behavior. In addition, for networks with finite sizes, the fraction of active nodes may jump back and forth between high and low states, mimicking repetitive failure-recovery processes. These findings could help clarify the system recovery mechanism and enable better design of networked systems with high resilience.

关键词：

Spontaneous Recovery in Directed Dynamical Networks

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Engineering 2024年第6期37卷 208-214页

作者： Xueming Liu Xian Yan H.Eugene stanley School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation&The MOE Engineering Research Center of Autonomous Intelligent Unmanned Systems&the Key Laboratory of Image Processing Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China Center for Polymer Studies Department of PhysicsBoston UniversityBostonMA 02215USA

Complex networked systems,which range from biological systems in the natural world to infrastructure systems in the human-made world,can exhibit spontaneous recovery after a failure;for example,a brain may spontaneously return to normal after a seizure,and traffic flow can become smooth again after a *** studies on the spontaneous recovery of dynamical networks have been limited to undirected ***,most real-world networks are *** fill this gap,we build a model in which nodes may alternately fail and recover,and we develop a theoretical tool to analyze the recovery properties of directed dynamical *** find that the tool can accurately predict the final fraction of active nodes,and the prediction accuracy decreases as the fraction of bidirectional links in the network increases,which emphasizes the importance of directionality in network *** to different initial states,directed dynamical networks may show alternative stable states under the same control parameter,exhibiting hysteresis *** addition,for networks with finite sizes,the fraction of active nodes may jump back and forth between high and low states,mimicking repetitive failure-recovery *** findings could help clarify the system recovery mechanism and enable better design of networked systems with high resilience.

关键词： Network resilience Directed dynamical networks Spontaneous recovery

Global Solutions to Nonconvex Problems by Evolution of Hamilton-Jacobi PDEs

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Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation 2024年第2期6卷 790-810页

作者： Howard Heaton Samy Wu Fung stanley Osher Typal Research Typal LLCLos AngelesUSA Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics Colorado School of MinesGoldenUSA Department Mathematics UCLALos AngelesUSA

Computing tasks may often be posed as optimization *** objective functions for real-world scenarios are often nonconvex and/or ***-of-the-art methods for solving these problems typically only guarantee convergence to local *** work presents Hamilton-Jacobi-based Moreau adaptive descent(HJ-MAD),a zero-order algorithm with guaranteed convergence to global minima,assuming continuity of the objective *** core idea is to compute gradients of the Moreau envelope of the objective(which is"piece-wise convex")with adaptive smoothing *** of the Moreau envelope(i.e.,proximal operators)are approximated via the Hopf-Lax formula for the viscous Hamilton-Jacobi *** numerical examples illustrate global convergence.

关键词： Global optimization Moreau envelope Hamilton-Jacobi Hopf-Lax-Cole-Hopf Proximals Zero-order optimization

A review of methane leakage from abandoned oil and gas wells:A case study in Lubbock,Texas,within the Permian Basin

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Energy Geoscience 2024年第3期5卷 1-12页

作者： stanley U.Opara Chinedu J.Okere Bob L.Herd Department of Petroleum Engineering Texas Tech UniversityTXUSA

In the pursuit of global net zero carbon emissions and climate change mitigation,ongoing research into sustainable energy sources and emission control is *** review examines methane leakage from abandoned oil and gas(AOG)wells,focusing particularly on Lubbock,a geographic area situated within the larger region known as the Permian Basin in West Texas,United *** objective is to assess the extent and environmental implications of methane leakage from these *** analysis integrates pertinent literature,governmental and industry data,and prior Lubbock *** affecting methane leakage,including well integrity,geological characteristics,and human activities,are *** research estimates 1781 drilled wells in Lubbock,forming a foundation for targeted assessments and monitoring due to historical drilling *** hierarchy of well statuses in Lubbock highlights the prevalence of“active oil wells,”trailed by“plugged and abandoned oil wells”and“inactive oil wells.”Methane leakage potential aligns with these well types,underscoring the importance of strategic monitoring and *** analysis notes a zenith in“drilled and completed”wells during *** our study's case analysis and literature review reiterate the critical significance of assessing and mitigating methane emissions from AOG wells,it's important to clarify that the research does not directly provide methane leakage ***,it contextualizes the issue's magnitude and emphasizes the well type and status analysis's role in targeted mitigation *** summary,our research deepens our understanding of methane leakage,aiding informed decision-making and policy formulation for environmental *** clarifying well type implications and historical drilling patterns,we aim to contribute to effective strategies in mitigating methane emissions from AOG wells.

关键词： Net zero carbon emissions Climate change mitigation Methane emission control Abandoned oil and gas(AOG)well Permian Basin

A Deepfake Detection Algorithm Based on Fourier Transform of Biological Signal

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第6期79卷 5295-5312页

作者： Yin Ni Wu Zeng Peng Xia Guang stanley Yang Ruochen Tan School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Wuhan Polytechnic UniversityWuhan430023China School of Mathematics and Computer Science Wuhan Polytechnic UniversityWuhan430048China Paul G.Allen School of Computer Science and Engineering University ofWashingtonSeattleWA98195USA School of Computer Science and Engineering University of CaliforniaSanDiegoCA92093USA

Deepfake-generated fake faces,commonly utilized in identity-related activities such as political propaganda,celebrity impersonations,evidence forgery,and familiar fraud,pose new societal *** current deepfake generators strive for high realism in visual effects,they do not replicate biometric signals indicative of cardiac *** this gap,many researchers have developed detection methods focusing on biometric *** methods utilize classification networks to analyze both temporal and spectral domain features of the remote photoplethysmography(rPPG)signal,resulting in high detection ***,in the spectral analysis,existing approaches often only consider the power spectral density and neglect the amplitude spectrum—both crucial for assessing cardiac *** introduce a novel method that extracts rPPG signals from multiple regions of interest through remote photoplethysmography and processes them using Fast Fourier Transform(FFT).The resultant time-frequency domain signal samples are organized into matrices to create Matrix Visualization Heatmaps(MVHM),which are then utilized to train an image classification ***,we explored various combinations of time-frequency domain representations of rPPG signals and the impact of attention *** experimental results show that our algorithm achieves a remarkable detection accuracy of 99.22%in identifying fake videos,significantly outperforming mainstream algorithms and demonstrating the effectiveness of Fourier Transform and attention mechanisms in detecting fake faces.

关键词： Deepfake detector remote photoplethysmography fast fourier transform spatial attention mechanism

去埃及旅游被骗到裸奔？这样的文明古国，你还敢去吗？

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环球人文地理 2024年第13期 44-53页

作者：史英静陈曦stanley 纯纯 Sofiia Alexey Fedorenko olyasolodenko 摄图网

比起金字塔攻略，你更需要的是一份防骗指南。“在埃及，我只允许自己被骗3次。”互联网上一篇名为《第一批去埃及旅行的人，已经被骗到快裸奔了》的文章引起了无数网友共鸣，去过埃及的游客们纷纷留言，吐槽自己的被骗经历，没去过的...

比起金字塔攻略，你更需要的是一份防骗指南。“在埃及，我只允许自己被骗3次。”互联网上一篇名为《第一批去埃及旅行的人，已经被骗到快裸奔了》的文章引起了无数网友共鸣，去过埃及的游客们纷纷留言，吐槽自己的被骗经历，没去过的人，则是连发几声不可思议的感叹。旅游，埃及的支柱产业提到埃及，即使没去过的人也能说出几个关键词：尼罗河、狮身人面像、金字塔、木乃伊……这些自然景观与人文景点吸引着世界各地的游客，也为埃及提供着源源不断的财政收入。

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