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Adaptive introductions:How multiple experiments and comparisons to wild populations provide insights into requirements for long-term introduction success of an endangered shrub

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Plant Diversity 2016年第5期38卷 238-246页

作者： Eric S.Menges stacy a.smith Carl W.Weekley Archbold Biological Station 123 Main DriveVenusEL 33960USA

Recovery of an imperiled plant species may require augmentation of existing populations or creation of new *** of such projects have been conducted over the last few decades,but there is a bias in the literature favoring successes over *** this paper,we evaluate a series of introductions that experimentally manipulated microhabitat and fire in an adaptive introduction *** 2002 and 2012,we(and our collaborators) carried out ten introductions and augmentations of Florida ziziphus Pseudoziziphus(Condalia,Ziziphus) celata,a clonal shrub limited to very small populations and narrowly endemic to pyrogenic central Florida *** of the introductions were designed as experiments to test hypotheses about how demographic performance was affected by microhabitat,fire,and propagule *** transplants had high survival(<90%annually),inconsistent growth,and little transition to reproduction,while introduced seeds had low germination and *** were more efficient than seeds as translocation ***(***) sites supported generally higher transplant and seedling survival and seed germination percentages,but growth responses varied among *** irrigation increased transplant survival and seed germination,but otherwise seedling and plant survival and growth were not significantly *** to expectations based on wild populations,introduced propagules have not been more successful in unshaded sites,suggesting that Florida ziziphus has broader microhabitat preferences than *** to wild plants,introduced plants had similar survival and responses to fire,slower growth,and more delayed *** plants had no clonal *** no introduced population has demonstrated a capacity for long-term viability,one augmented population has flowered and produced viable *** that Florida ziziphus genets are long-lived,low levels of sexual reproduction may be a

关键词： Florida ziziphus Translocation Augmentation Rare plant Florida sandhill Microhabitat

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Electrobiocorrosion by microbes without outer-surface cytochromes

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mLife 2024年第1期3卷 110-118页

作者： Dawn E.Holmes Trevor L.Woodard Jessica a.smith Florin Musat Derek R.Lovley Department of Microbiology University of Massachusetts AmherstAmherstMassachusettsUSA Department of Physical and Biological Science Western New England UniversitySpringfieldMassachusettsUSA Department of Biomolecular Sciences Central Connecticut State UniversityNew BritainConnecticutUSA Department of Biology Section for MicrobiologyAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Facuity of Biology and GeologyBabes-Bolyai UniversityCluj-NapocaRomania

Anaerobic microbial corrosion of iron-containing metals causes extensive economic *** microbes are capable of direct metal-to-microbe electron transfer(electrobiocorrosion),but the prevalence of electrobiocorrosion among diverse methanogens and acetogens is poorly understood because of a lack of tools for their genetic *** studies have suggested that respiration with 316L stainless steel as the electron donor is indicative of electrobiocorrosion,because,unlike pure Fe^(0),316L stainless steel does not abiotically generate H_(2) as an intermediary electron ***,we report that all of the methanogens(Methanosarcina vacuolata,Methanothrix soehngenii,and Methanobacterium strain IM1)and acetogens(Sporomusa ovata and Clostridium ljungdahli)evaluated respired with pure Fe^(0)as the electron donor,but only ***,***,and *** were capable of stainless steel *** electrobiocorrosive methanogens re-quired acetate as an additional energy source in order to produce methane from stainless *** of *** and *** demonstrated how acetogens can provide acetate to methanogens during *** only was Meth-anobacterium strain IM1 not capable of electrobiocorrosion,but it also did not accept electrons from Geobacter metal-lireducens,an effective electron-donating partner for direct interspecies electron transfer to all methanogens that can directly accept electrons from Fe^(0).The finding that ***,***,and *** are capable of electrobiocorrosion,despite a lack of the outer-surface c-type cytochromes previously found to be important in other electrobiocorrosive microbes,demonstrates that there are multiple microbial strategies for making electrical contact with Fe^(0).

关键词： acetogen corrosion Fe^(0) methanogen stainless steel

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COVID-19 vaccination produces exercise-responsive SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cells regardless of infection history

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 99-107页

作者： Kyle a.smith Tiffany M.Zúñiga Forrest L.Baker Helena Batatinha Charles R.Pedlar Shane C.Burgess Michael P.Gustafson Emmanuel Katsanis Richard J.Simpson School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85721USA Department of Pediatrics The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85724USA Faculty of Sport Allied Health and Performance ScienceSt.Mary's UniversityTwickenham TW14SXUK Institute of Sport Exercise and Health University College LondonLondon WC1E 7HUUK Department of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85721USA The University of Arizona Cancer Center The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85719USA Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Mayo Clinic ArizonaPhoenixAZ 85054USA Department of Immunobiology The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85724USA Department of Medicine The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85724USA Department of Pathology The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85724USA

Background:The mobilization and redistribution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)specific T-cells and neutralizing antibodies(nAbs)during exercise is purported to increase immune surveillance and protect against severe coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).We sought to determine if COVID-19 vaccination would elicit exercise-responsive SARS-CoV-2 T-cells and transiently alter nAb ***:Eighteen healthy participants completed a 20-min bout of graded cycling exercise before and/or after receiving a COVID-19 *** major leukocyte subtypes were enumerated before,during,and after exercise by flow cytometry,and immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 were determined using whole blood peptide stimulation assays,T-cell receptor(TCR)-βsequencing,and SARS-CoV-2 nAb ***:COVID-19 vaccination had no effect on the mobilization or egress of major leukocyte subsets in response to intensity-controlled graded ***,non-infected participants had a significantly reduced mobilization of CD4+and CD8+naive T-cells,as well as CD4+central memory T-cells,after vaccination(synthetic immunity group);this was not seen after vaccination in those with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection(hybrid immunity group).Acute exercise after vaccination robustly mobilized SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cells to blood in an intensity-dependent *** groups mobilized T-cells that reacted to spike protein;however,only the hybrid immunity group mobilized T-cells that reacted to membrane and nucleocapsid *** increased significantly during exercise only in the hybrid immunity ***:These data indicate that acute exercise mobilizes SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cells that recognize spike protein and increases the redistribution of nAbs in individuals with hybrid immunity.

关键词： Anti-viral COVID-19 Exercise immunology SARS-CoV-2 T-Cells Vaccine

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Polyethylene glycol has immunoprotective effects on sciatic allografts, but behavioral recovery and graft tolerance require neurorrhaphy and axonal fusion

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1192-1206页

作者： Tyler a.smith Liwen Zhou Cameron L.Ghergherehchi Michelle Mikesh Cathy Z.Yang Haley O.Tucker JuliAnne Allgood Jared S.Bushman George D.Bittner Department of Molecular Biosciences University of Texas at AustinAustinTXUSA Department of Neuroscience University of Texas at AustinAustinTXUSA Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of WyomingLaramieWYUSA

Behavioral recovery using(viable)peripheral nerve allografts to repair ablation-type(segmental-loss)peripheral nerve injuries is delayed or poor due to slow and inaccurate axonal ***,such peripheral nerve allografts undergo immunological rejection by the host immune *** contrast,peripheral nerve injuries repaired by polyethylene glycol fusion of peripheral nerve allografts exhibit excellent behavioral recovery within weeks,reduced immune responses,and many axons do not undergo Wallerian *** relative contribution of neurorrhaphy and polyethylene glycol-fusion of axons versus the effects of polyethylene glycol per se was unknown prior to this *** hypothesized that polyethylene glycol might have some immune-protective effects,but polyethylene glycol-fusion was necessary to prevent Wallerian degeneration and functional/behavioral *** examined how polyethylene glycol solutions per se affect functional and behavioral recovery and peripheral nerve allograft morphological and immunological responses in the absence of polyethylene glycol-induced axonal ***-type sciatic nerve injuries in outbred Sprague–Dawley rats were repaired according to a modified protocol using the same solutions as polyethylene glycol-fused peripheral nerve allografts,but peripheral nerve allografts were loose-sutured(loose-sutured polyethylene glycol)with an intentional gap of 1–2 mm to prevent fusion by polyethylene glycol of peripheral nerve allograft axons with host *** to negative control peripheral nerve allografts not treated by polyethylene glycol and in contrast to polyethylene glycol-fused peripheral nerve allografts,animals with loose-sutured polyethylene glycol peripheral nerve allografts exhibited Wallerian degeneration for all axons and myelin degeneration by 7 days postoperatively and did not recover sciatic-mediated behavioral functions by 42 days *** morphological signs of rejection,such as col

关键词： allograft rejection axotomy macrophage myelin nerve repair polyethylene glycol(PEG) sciatic nerve T cell transplantation Wallerian degeneration

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A new view of the local Universe

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第3期67卷 167-168页

作者： Lister Staveley-smith International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research(ICRAR) University of Western AustraliaCrawley WA 6009Australia ARC Centre of Excellence for All Sky Astrophysics(ASTRO 3D) Crawley WA 6009Australia

The distribution and kinematics of gas in and around dark matter halos, the formation of stellar populations from the gravitational collapse of gas clouds, and the interaction of stars and their remnants with interste... 详细信息

关键词： galaxies stars galactic

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Harnessing endothelial cells and vascularization strategies for nerve regeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第11期19卷 2337-2338页

作者： Papon Muangsanit Poppy smith Virology and Cell Technology Research Team National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology(BIOTEC)National Science and Technology Development Agency(NSTDA)PathumthaniThailand UCL Centre for Nerve Engineering UCLLondonUK Department of Pharmacology UCL School of PharmacyUCLLondonUK

Peripheral nerves are essential components of the human body’s communication system,transmitting signals between the central nervous system and various body *** resulting from trauma or disease can result in debilitating sensory and motor *** injuries,particularly those resulting in significant gaps in the nerve tissue,pose a formidable challenge for clinicians and *** their limitations,including limited availability and donor site morbidity,nerve autografts remain the clinical gold standard for treating nerve injuries.

关键词： injuries nerves donor

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Harnessing the power of complex light propagation in multimode fibers for spatially resolved sensing

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Photonics Research 2024年第3期12卷 411-422页

作者： DARCY L.smith LINH V.NGUYEN MOHAMMAD I.REJA ERIK P.SCHARTNER HEIKE EBENDORFF-HEIDEPRIEM DAVID J.OTTAWAY STEPHEN C.WARREN-smith Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing and School of Physics Chemistry and Earth SciencesThe University of AdelaideAdelaideSA 5005Australia Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery(OzGrav) AdelaideSAAustralia Future Industries Institute University of South AustraliaMawson LakesSA 5095Australia Laser Physics and Photonics Devices Laboratory University of South AustraliaMawson LakesSA 5095Australia

The propagation of coherent light in multimode optical fibers results in a speckled output that is both complex and sensitive to environmental *** properties can be a powerful tool for sensing,as small perturbations lead to significant changes in the output of the ***,the mechanism to encode spatially resolved sensing information into the speckle pattern and the ability to extract this information are thus far *** this paper,we demonstrate that spatially dependent mode coupling is crucial to achieving spatially resolved *** leverage machine learning to quantitatively extract the spatially resolved sensing information from three fiber types with dramatically different characteristics and demonstrate that the fiber with the highest degree of spatially dependent mode coupling provides the greatest accuracy.

关键词： fiber spatially resolved

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The concentration game: differential effects of bioactive signaling in 2D and3D culture

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Neural Regeneration Research 2016年第1期11卷 66-68页

作者： Laura a.smith Callahan The Vivian L.smith Department of Neurosurgery & Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston

Traumatic injuries to the central nervous system,such as traumatic brain injury,spinal cord injury and stroke,have a high prevalence,enormous financial costs and lack clinical treatments that restore neurological function（Ma et al.,2014）These injuries trigger a series of secondary biochemical and cellular responses that ultimately lead to cellular death and themaintenance of an unsupportive extracellular matrix （ECM） for tissue regeneration （Silva et al., 2014）. Artificial ECM or scaf- folds represent a way to alter this unsupportive environment to improve the efficacy of stem cell therapies and enhance neural tissue regeneration （Figure 1）.

关键词： bioactive injuries restore biochemical neurological traumatic signaling scaffold ultimately likely

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The coexistence of Baird’s tapir (Tapirus bairdii) and indigenous hunters in northeastern Honduras

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Integrative Zoology 2012年第4期7卷 429-438页

作者： Marc DUNN Nereyda ESTRADA Derek a.smith Department of Geography and Environmental Studies Carleton UniversityOttawaOntarioCanada International Union for Conservation of Nature(IUCN)Honduras Tapir Specialist Group TegucigalpaHonduras

The Baird’s tapir(Tapirus bairdii)is a popular game species throughout Central America,particularly among in-digenous populations,and is currently *** on Miskitu hunting was conducted over 4 months in a remote region in northeastern Honduras that overlaps with the Río Plátano Biosphere *** hunting zone was mapped together with hunters and interviews were conducted with elders and other community mem-bers about tapir *** show that tapir harvesting is targeted toward specific habitats at specific times of *** rates for one year suggest that tapir hunting in the area exceeds estimates of maximum sustain-able ***,field surveys reveal the presence of tapir within 1 km of the community,and its harvest tends to be nearby,in both forested and agricultural landscapes,suggesting that the animal has not been depleted in the *** appears that the existence of forest areas adjacent to the hunting zone that do not experi-ence hunting,together with the anthropogenic habitats created through shifting cultivation,are factors that help explain the presence of tapirs in the *** article concludes with a discussion regarding the potential posi-tive role of indigenous hunters in tapir conservation throughout its distribution range.

关键词： Baird’s tapir Honduras indigenous hunting Miskitu Río Plátano Biosphere Reserve

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Portable device to assess dynamic accuracy of global positioning system(GPS)receivers used in agricultural aircraft

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2014年第2期7卷 68-74页

作者： Steven J.Thomson Yanbo Huang Lowrey a.smith United States Department of Agriculture(USDA) Agricultural Research Service(ARS)Crop Production Systems Research UnitStonevilleMS 38776USA

A device was designed to test the dynamic accuracy of Global Positioning System(GPS)receivers used in agricultural aircraft and other aerial *** system works by directing a sun-reflected light beam from the ground to the aircraft using mirrors.A photo detector points downward from the aircraft to detect the light beam,and photo detection circuitry triggers an event in the guidance system data file at the aircraft’s location corresponding to the precisely georeferenced position on the *** details are presented on the mirror-based light reflection system and photo-electronic circuitry designed to trigger an event in the guidance system’s log *** example application evaluated the horizontal accuracy of a stand-alone GPS receiver by matching dynamic data with data from the aircraft’s guidance *** indicated a 2.16 s lead in position registered by the stand-alone receiver over that registered by the aircraft’s guidance system GPS receiver,which had been previously evaluated to be within 0.13 s of Real-Time Kinematic(RTK)-referenced time and position.

关键词： GPS receiver accuracy agricultural aircraft aerial application remote sensing georeferencing UAV

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