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Optimizing Ea.tern Ga.a.ra.s Fora.e Ha.vests Using Growing Degree Da.s

a.ricultura. Sciences 2016年第10期7卷 710-715页

作者： Tim L. Springer stacey a. gunter Ja.on J. Goldma. Corey a. Moffet Southern Pla.ns Ra.ge Resea.ch Sta.ion USDA-Agricultural Research Service Woodward OK USA

Tripsa.um da.tyloides (L.) L., commonly known a. ea.tern ga.a.ra.s, is useful for gra.ing, stored fora.e, soil a.eliora.ion a.d conserva.ion, a.d a. a.biofuel feedstock. Our goa. wa. to ca.cula.e a.cumula.ed growing degree da.s (GDD) from existing da.a.ets collected for ea.tern ga.a.ra.s fora.e production experiments in northwestern Okla.oma. a.d discuss the use of GDD, instea. of ca.enda. ha.vest da.es, in the production of ea.tern ga.a.ra.s fora.e. Growing degree da.s were ca.cula.ed from 1 Ja.ua.y ea.h yea. using the “optimum da. method”. For 10 ha.vest yea.s, the first ea.tern ga.a.ra.s ha.vest required 690 ± 26 cumula.ive GDD. Ba.ed on long-term wea.her da.a.from Woodwa.d, Okla.oma. this would pla.e the first ha.vest on or nea. 1 June. The second ha.vest required 635 ± 27 cumula.ive GDD which would pla.e the second ha.vest on or nea. 15 July a.d the third ha.vest required 690 ± 23 cumula.ive GDD pla.ing it on or nea. 30 a.gust. Ea.h of the 30 ha.vest required a. a.era.e of 670 ± 15 cumula.ive GDD. Using GDD to predict ha.vest events is a.useful tool tha. fora.e producer ca. use in the production of ea.tern ga.a.ra.s fora.e in the USa.a.d possibly elsewhere.

关键词： Ea.tern Ga.a.ra.s Tripsa.um da.tyloides Growing Degree Da.s

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Drought a.d Gra.ing Effects on Okla.oma.Phlox (Polemonia.ea., <i>Phlox okla.omensis</i>)

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a.erica. Journa. of Pla.t Sciences 2013年第6期4卷 9-13页

作者： Tim L. Springer stacey a. gunter Rona.d J. Tyrl Pa.l F. Nighswonger Depa.tment of Biology Northwestern Oklahoma State University Alva USA. Depa.tment of Bota.y Oklahoma State University Stillwater USA United Sta.es Depa.tment of a.riculture Agricultural Research Service Southern Plains Range Research Station Woodward Oklahoma USA

Okla.oma.phlox (Phlox okla.omensis Wherry) is endemic to Butler, Cha.ta.qua. Coma.che, Cowley, a.d Elk Counties of Ka.sa. a.d Woods a.d Woodwa.d Counties of Okla.oma. The species comprises popula.ions of a.few sca.tered individua.s to severa. hundred in mixed-gra.s pra.rie sites in Okla.oma.where cow-ca.f production is the common a.ricultura. enterprise. It ha. successfully withstood periods of short-term drought (1 to 4 yea.s) under light to modera.e continuous stocking ra.es (41 to 52 a.ima. unit da.s per hecta.e). Under hea.y continuous stocking ra.es a.d/or prolonged drought, popula.ions of P. okla.omensis tend to decrea.e in size a.d number a.d ma. disa.pea. in some loca.ities. Prolonged hea.y stocking ra.es a.d drought will disrupt the reproductive cycle, severely limiting seed production a.d recruitment of new individua.s to popula.ions. During drought periods, livestock ma.a.ers should use lighter stocking ra.es or deferred gra.ing to ensure ra.id recovery of a.l pra.rie pla.ts, including P. okla.omensis, once the drought ends. This recommenda.ion would likely susta.n pra.rie sites during long-term (longer tha. 10 yea.s) droughts a. well.

关键词： Phlox okla.omensis Drought Gra.ing

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Cool-sea.on a.nua. pa.tures with clovers to supplement wintering beef cows nursing ca.ves

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Journa. of a.ima. Science a.d Biotechnology 2012年第4期3卷 221-226页

作者： stacey a.gunter Whitney a.Whitworth T Gregory Montgomery Pa.l a.Beck United Sta.es Depa.tment of a.riculture Agricultural Research Service Southern Plains Range Research Station University of a.ka.sa. a. Monticello Division of a.riculture Southeast Research & Extension Center University of Arkansas Division of a.riculture Southwest Research & Extension Center University of Arkansas

In December of 3 yea.s, 87 beef cows with nursing ca.ves （.594 ± 9.8 kg; ca.ving sea.on, September to November） a. side were stra.ified by body condition score, body weight, cow a.e, a.d ca.f gender a.d divided ra.domly into 6 groups a.signed to 1 of 6 cool-sea.on a.nua. pa.tures （0.45 ha.cow） tha. ha. been interseeded into a.dorma.t common bermuda.ra.s （Cynodon da.tylon [L.] Pers.）/ba.ia.ra.s （Pa.pa.um nota.um Flugge） sod. Pa.tures conta.ned 1 of the following 3 seeding mixtures （2 pa.tures/mixture）： 1） whea. （Triticum a.stivurn L.） a.d ryegra.s （Lofium multiflorum La.n., WRG）, 2） whea. a.d ryegra.s plus red clover （Trifolium pretense L, WRR）, or 3） whea. a.d ryegra.s plus white （Trifofium repens L.） a.d crimson clovers （Trifolium inca.na.um L., WRW）. a.l groups ha. a. libitum a.cess to gra.s ha. （12% crude protein; 58% tota. digestible nutrients）. The second week in December, cow estrous cycles were synchronized a.d a.tificia.ly insemina.ed. In la.e December, a.bull wa. pla.ed with ea.h group for 60-d. Da.a.were a.a.yzed with a. a.a.ysis of va.ia.ce using a.mixed model conta.ning trea.ment a. the fixed effect a.d yea. a. the ra.dom effect. Body weight a.d condition scores did not differ （P ≥ 0.27） a.ong cows between Februa.y a.d June. Ca.f birth weights or a.era.e da.ly ga.n did not differ （P≥ 0.17） a.ong trea.ments; however, ca.ves gra.ing pa.tures with clovers did tend （P= 0.06） to weigh more tha. ca.ves gra.ing gra.s only. Wea.ing weight per cow exposed to a.bull wa. grea.er （P= 0.02） for WRR a.d WRW tha. WRG. Cows gra.ing winter-a.nua. pa.tures conta.ning clovers tended to wea. more ca.f body weight per cow exposed to a.bull tha. cows gra.ing the gra.s only pa.tures.

关键词： a.nua. ryegra.s Beef cows Clovers Nitrogen Pa.ture 1

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