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A New Method for Measurement of Helium Mass Flow Rate in the Cryogenic System of TORE SUPRA

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Plasma Science and Technology 2005年第3期7卷 2825-2827页

作者：欧阳峥嵘 Pascal reynaud Institute of Plasma Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei 230031 China Centre d'Etude de Cadarache Association EURATOM-CEA sur la fusion Département de Recherches sur la Fusion Contr(o|^)lée 13108 Saint Paul-Lez-Durance France

The TORE SUPRA Tokamak was built by EURATOM-CEA association. The NbTi conductor of superconducting coils is inserted in a tight enclosure filled with pressurized superfluid helium of 0.125 MPa at 1.8 K. The thick casing is cooled to 4.5 K by 1.8 MPa in 4.5 K supercritical helium circulation. Around this thick casing, a 80 K thermal shield protects the parts at very low temperatures from the thermal radiation, which is cooled by pressurized helium at 80 K and 1.8 MPa. A new measurement method for helium mass flow rate of 80 K shield and 4.5 K casing is described in this paper. The commissioning was done on the two helium loops of the cryoplant: the supercritical 4.5 K thick casing and 80 K shields. The purpose is to improve control of the 4.5 K and 80 K refrigeration loops.

关键词： mass flow rate valve measurement helium

Driving the sodium-oxygen battery chemistry towards the efficient formation of discharge products: The importance of sodium superoxide quantification

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第5期31卷 709-720页

作者： Marina Enterría Marine reynaud Juan Ignacio Paredes Lidia Medinilla Reza Younesi Nagore Ortiz-Vitoriano Centre for Cooperative Research on Alternative Energies(CIC energiGUNE) Basque Research and Technology Alliance(BRTA)Vitoria-Gasteiz 01510Spain Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología del Carbono INCAR-CSICC/Francisco Pintado Fe 26Oviedo 33011Spain Ångström Advanced Battery Centre(ÅABC) Department of Chemistry-Ångström LaboratoryUppsala UniversityUppsala SE-75121Sweden Ikerbasque Basque Foundation for ScienceBilbao 48013Spain

Sodium-oxygen batteries(SOBs) have the potential to provide energy densities higher than the state-ofthe-art Li-ion batteries. However, controlling the formation of sodium superoxide(NaO_(2)) as the sole discharge product on the cathode side is crucial to achieve durable and efficient SOBs. In this work, the discharge efficiency of two graphene-based cathodes was evaluated and compared with that of a commercial gas diffusion layer. The discharge products formed at the surface of these cathodes in a glyme-based electrolyte were carefully studied using a range of characterization techniques. NaO_(2) was detected as the main discharge product regardless of the specific cathode material while small amounts of Na_(2)O_(2).2H_(2)O and carbonate-like side-products were detected by X-ray diffraction as well as by Raman and infrared spectroscopies. This work leverages the use of X-ray diffraction to determine the actual yield of NaO_(2)which is usually overlooked in this type of batteries. Thus, the proper quantification of the superoxide formed on the cathode surface is widely underestimated;even though is crucial for determining the efficiency of the battery while eliminating the parasitic chemistry in SOBs. Here, we develop an ex-situ analysis method to determine the amount of NaO_(2) generated upon discharge in SOBs by transmission X-ray diffraction and quantitative Rietveld analysis. This work unveils that the yield of NaO_(2) depends on the depth of discharge where high capacities lead to very low discharge efficiency, regardless of the used cathode. We anticipate that the methodology developed herein will provide a convenient diagnosis tool in future efforts to optimize the performance of the different cell components in SOBs.

关键词： Na-O_(2)batteries Graphene Transmission X-Ray diffraction Rietveld refinement Na-O_(2)quantification Parasitic chemistry Cathode design

Design rules for strong electro-optic materials

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npj Computational Materials 2020年第1期6卷 579-587页

作者： Ali K.Hamze Marc reynaud Jacqueline Geler-Kremer Alexander A.Demkov Department of Physics The University of Texas at AustinAustinTX 78712USA

The explosive rise of silicon photonics has led to renewed interest in the electro-optic(EO)or Pockels effect due to its potential uses in many next generation device *** find materials with a strong EO response in thin film form,which are essential for low power and small footprint devices,one needs to find a general design rule for strong Pockels materials.

关键词： materials film optic

Liquid-phase 3D bioprinting of gelatin alginate hydrogels:influence of printing parameters on hydrogel line width and layer height

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Bio-Design and Manufacturing 2019年第3期2卷 172-180页

作者： Maha Alruwaili Jose A.Lopez Kevin McCarthy Emmanuel G.reynaud Brian J.Rodriguez Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research University College DublinDublinIreland School of Physics University College DublinDublinIreland School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science University College DublinDublinIreland

Extrusion-based 3D bioprinting is a direct deposition approach used to create three-dimensional(3D)tissue scaffolds typically comprising *** are hydrated polymer networks that are chemically or physically ***,3D bioprinting is performed in air,despite the hydrated nature of hydrogels and the potential advantage of using a liquid phase to provide cross-linking and otherwise functionalize the *** this work,we print gelatin alginate hydrogels directly into a cross-linking solution of calcium chloride and investigate the influence of nozzle diameter,distance between nozzle and surface,calcium chloride concentration,and extrusion rate on the dimensions of the printed *** hydrogel layer height was generally found to increase with increasing extrusion rate and nozzle distance,according to the increased volume extruded and the available space,*** addition,the hydrogel width was generally found to increase with decreasing nozzle distance and cross-linking concentration corresponding to confinement-induced spreading and low crosslinking regimes,***/height ratios of^1 were generally achieved when the nozzle diameter and distance were comparable above a certain cross-linking *** these relationships,biocompatible 3D multilayer structures were successfully printed directly into calcium chloride cross-linking solution.

关键词： Gelatin alginate Hydrogel Additive manufacturing 3D printing 3D bioprinting Biomaterials Extrusion Bioplotting

Unsupervised machine learning to classify crystal structures according totheir structural distortion: A case study on Li-argyrodite solid-state electrolytes

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Energy and AI 2022年第3期9卷 51-64页

作者： A.Gallo-Bueno M.reynaud M.Casas-Cabanas J.Carrasco Center for Cooperative Research on Alternative Energies(CIC energiGUNE) Basque Research and Technology Alliance(BRTA)Álava Technology ParkAlbert Einstein 4801510 Vitoria-GasteizSpain IKERBASQUE Basque Foundation for ScienceMaría Díaz de Haro 348013BilbaoSpain

High-throughput approaches in computational materials discovery often yield a combinatorial explosionthat makes the exhaustive rendering of complete structural and chemical spaces impractical. A commonbottleneck when screening new compounds with archetypal crystal structures is the lack of fast and reliabledecision-making schemes to quantitatively classify the computed candidates as inliers or outliers (too distortedstructures). Machine learning-aided workflows can solve this problem and make geometrical optimizationprocedures more efficient. However, for this to occur, there is still a lack of appropriate combinations ofsuitable geometrical descriptors and accurate unsupervised models which are capable of accurately differentiating between systems with subtle structural changes. Here, considering as a case study the compositionalscreening of cubic Li-argyrodites solid electrolytes, we tackle this problem head on. We find that steinhardtorder parameters are very accurate descriptors of the cubic argyrodite structure to train a range of commonunsupervised outlier detection models. And, most importantly, the approach enables us to automatically classifycrystal structures with uncertainty control. The resulting models can then be used to screen computed structureswith respect to an user-defined error threshold and discard too distorted structures during geometricaloptimization procedures. Implemented as a decision node in computer-aided materials discovery workflows,this approach can be employed to perform autonomous high-throughput screening methods and make the useof computational and data storage resources more efficient.

关键词： Unsupervised outlier detection Machine learning structural distortion Solid-state battery Battery design Crystal structure

Bacterial plant pathogens affect the locomotor behavior of the insect vector:a case study of Citrus volkameriana-Triozae erytreae-Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus system

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Insect Science 2024年第3期31卷 901-910页

作者： Arnaud Ameline Alain Karkach Thomas Denoirjean Martial Grondin Florencia Molinari Patrick Turpin Helene Delatte Bernard reynaud UMR CNRS 7058 EDYSAN(Ecologie et Dynamique des Systemes Anthropises) Universite de Picardie Jules VerneAmiensCedexFrance UMR PVBMT(Peuplements végétaux et bioagresseurs en milieu tropical) Universitéde la RéunionSaint PierreLa RéunionFrance

Plant pathogens can alter the behavior of their insect vectors as well as their survival and *** African psyllid,Trioza erytreae,is one of the vectors of Huanglongbing,a citrus disease caused mainly by"Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus"(CLas).The purpose of this study was to characterize the effects of CLas on the psyllid,*** using Citrus volkamerina plants as the study *** study focused more specifically on the CLas effects prior to and after its acquisition by the psyllid *** results did not support the hypothesis that CLas effects psyllid probing behavior prior to acquisition;few differences were observed between uninfected *** feeding on CLas-infected versus control *** the other hand,compared to psyllids that had completed their development on control plants,the ones that had completed their development on a CLas-infected plant exhibited changes in their behavior(greater velocity),physiology(smaller mass)and biochemistry(lower water and lipid content).Altogether,our results confirm the existence of a marked postacquisition effect on the vector locomotor behavior and a minor preacquisition effect of CLas on the vector behavior,which can be partially explained by physiological and biochemical changes.

关键词： electrical penetration graph Huanglongbing locomotory behavior lipid biomass probing behavior vector manipulation

Species and endosymbiont diversity of Bemisia tabaci （Homoptera： Aleyrodidae） on vegetable crops in Senegal

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Insect Science 2015年第3期22卷 386-398页

作者： Delatte Helene Baudin Remy Becker Nathalie Girard Anne-Laure Ramatoulaye Sidebe Traore Lett Jean-Michel reynaud Bernard CIRAD UMR PVBMT F-97410 Saint-Pierre La Reunion France Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle Institut de Systematique Evolution Biodiversite ISYEB UMR 7205 CNRS UPMC EPHE 75005 Paris France TECHNISEM Zone d'activite Anjou Actiparc de Jumelles 49160 Longue-Jumelles France

Bemisia tabaci-transmitted geminiviruses are one of the major threats on cassava and vegetable crops in Africa. However, to date, few studies are available on the diversity orB. tabaci and their associated endosymbionts in Africa. More than 28 species have been described in the complex ofB. tabaci cryptic species; among them, 2 are invasive pests worldwide： MED and MEAM1. In order to assess the species diversity orB. tabaci in vegetable crops in Senegal, several samplings in different localities, hosts and seasons were collected and analyzed with nuclear （microsatellite） and mitochondrial （COI） markers. The bacterial endosymbiont community was also studied for each sample. Two species were detected： MED Q1 and MEAM1 B. Patterns of MED Q1 （dominance on most of the samples and sites, highest nuclear and mitochondrial diversity and broader secondary endosymbiont community： Hamiltonella, Cardinium, Wolbachia and Rickettsia）, point toward a predominant resident begomovirus vector group for MED Q 1 on market gardening crops. Furthermore, the lower prevalence of the second species MEAM1 B, its lower nuclear and mitochondrial diversity and a narrower secondary endosymbiont community （Hamiltonella/Rickettsia）, indicate that this genetic group is exotic and results from a recent invasion in this area.

关键词： begomovirus vectors endosymbionts diversity MED and MEAM 1 species microsatellites mtCOI phylogeny whitefly

Gravity tectonics controls on reservoir-scale sandbodies:Insights from 3D seismic geomorphology of the canyons buried in the upper slope of the Eastern Niger delta basin

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Energy Geoscience 2024年第3期5卷 244-260页

作者： Vivian O.Oguadinma Jean-Yves reynaud Vincent Delhaye-Prat Tony Akpi Scott Thackrey Ademola Lanisa Massimo Dall’Asta Univ.Lille CNRSUniv.Littoral Côte d'OpaleUMR 8187LOGLaboratoire d'Océanologie et de GéosciencesF 59000 LilleFrance Total Energies E&P Africa-HUB CSTJFAvenue Larribau64000PauFrance

High-resolution 3D seismic data analysis was integrated with a calibrated well and biostratigraphy data to present the first overview of a buried Pleistocene canyon system on the upper slope of the eastern Niger Delta,the Galabor *** maps of specific horizons allow documenting the changing morphologies and infill lithologies of two main branches of the canyon through two stages of activity separated by a reference horizon dated at 0.99 Ma based on well *** the upper slope,growth faults dissect the canyon heads,the catchment of which encroaches a network of valleys incised on the outer *** canyon fill is composed of muddy channels and mass-transport deposits,largely derived from the collapse of canyon walls and sand-rich bodies forming a tract sourced by shelf-edge deltas at the outlet of the incised ***-density turbiditic processes likely control the distribution of sand bodies along the canyon,ranging from tributary fans on the upper slope to 6 km-wide meander belts on the middle *** sandy deposits accumulate in minibasins formed along the canyon path,downstream of the subsiding hanging wall of the growth faults and upstream of shale ridges that damp the flow in the *** results show that canyons can be major targets for sand reservoir exploration on the upper slope of large muddy deltas.

关键词： Geomorphology Submarine canyon 3D seismic Fault Shale ridge Reservoir Channel

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氢化脱氢钛粉末颗粒的整形及其机理研究

稀有金属材料与工程 2009年第A03期38卷 264-266页

作者：郝向阳盖国胜邹欣吴运新张以河 Emmanuelle reynaud 中国地质大学北京100083 清华大学北京100084 University of Massachusetts-Lowell MA 01854 USA

HDH(氢化脱氢)钛粉末颗粒形状不规则、流动性较差,不利于注射成形和提高其制品性能。本研究利用PCS系统对HDH钛粉末颗粒进行整形,考察了处理工艺,用扫描电镜和粒度分析表征处理结果,推测PCS的整形机理不是传统的粉碎过程,而是钛粉末颗... 详细信息

HDH(氢化脱氢)钛粉末颗粒形状不规则、流动性较差,不利于注射成形和提高其制品性能。本研究利用PCS系统对HDH钛粉末颗粒进行整形,考察了处理工艺,用扫描电镜和粒度分析表征处理结果,推测PCS的整形机理不是传统的粉碎过程,而是钛粉末颗粒的棱角被打磨掉再与大颗粒吸附嵌入,较好地解释了粒度分布等测试结果。整形后的HDH钛粉末颗粒尖锐的棱角被钝化,变为近球形,粉末的流动性显著提高。

关键词：整形球形化氢化脱氢(HDH)钛粉粒度