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A Comparative study of Mandibular Fractures in Senegal: Children vs. Adults

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Open Journal of stomatology 2024年第2期14卷 72-76页

作者： paul Niang Department of Oral Surgery Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal

Introduction: The commonest maxillofacial fractures involve the mandible. Age can be considered among influential factors. Aim of the study: To compare mandibular fractures between children and adults from the beginning up to the treatment in Senegal. Patients and Method: A three-year retrospective study was conducted in a university hospital. The medical records of patients admitted for maxillofacial injuries were reviewed. Patient and injury-related variables including age, gender, etiology, average consultation delay, anatomic location of fracture and treatment were compared up to age of 15 and beyond that. Results: Considering 272 casualties, maxillofacial fractures were less frequent among children than adults (36.7% and 59.7%) and were mainly mandibular (90.1% and 91.4%). Male predilection (sex ratio of 2.4 and 4.9) was twice (2) as pronounced from the age of 16. The average consultation delay was two (2) times shorter for children. Road traffic accidents which predominated among children (33.9%) had comparable frequency (32.3%) although they were outnumbered by assault (37.6%) among adults. Fractures occurred mainly on the corpus (90.1% and 90.4%), particularly on parasymphysis (40.1%) up to the age of 15, whereas angle fractures increased (8.5% to 19.6%) and joint damage decreased afterwards. Intra-oral orthopedic procedures (91.2% and 92.6%) in which mandibular retention splints were more common (37.3%) up to the age of 15 then arch ligatures (49%) were then widely favored. Conclusion: Differences relating to the distribution of causes but also to the anatomic location on the corpus and to the choice of intra-oral orthopedic procedures within overall similarities between children and adults regarding the male predilection, the frequency of road traffic accidents, the mandibular injuries, but also the school therapeutic attitude consisting of favoring the orthopedic option.

关键词： Fracture Mandible Child Adult

Turning Trash into Treasure: Developing an Intelligent Bin for Plastic Bottle Recycling

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Journal of Social Computing 2024年第1期5卷 1-14页

作者： Sirajam Munira Niloy paul Md Ashraful Alam Md.Mahmudur Rahman M.Shamim Kaiser Institute of Information Technology Jahangirnagar UniversityDhaka 1342Bangladesh

Plastic pollution has emerged as a major global concern due to its enduring nature and limited recycling *** response to this critical challenge,this paper presents a novel approach utilizing a Detection-Based Reward System(DBRS)alongside an innovative business model to promote effective plastic waste management,reduce plastic waste accumulation in the nature,and uphold environmental *** the YOLOv5 algorithm for its exceptional accuracy,speed,and open-source availability,plastic bottle detection becomes a pivotal aspect of this *** seamlessly enroll in the system,triggering an automated detection process that computes reward points corresponding to their deposited plastic *** reward points are meticulously stored within a centralized *** its operational facets,this comprehensive system encompasses a robust business model,strategically poised to capture widespread engagement with waste disposal practices,thereby contributing to the realization of Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)geared towards fostering a healthier ***,the DBRS attains cutting-edge performance in plastic bottle detection,boasting an impressive mean Average Precision(mAP)of 0.973,underscoring its efficacy in tackling plastic pollution.

关键词： smart environment reward system YOLOv5 deep learning business model

Understanding the catalysis of chromium trioxide added magnesium hydride for hydrogen storage and Li ion battery applications

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第3期12卷 1117-1130页

作者： D.Pukazhselvan IhsanÇaha Catarina de Lemos Sergey M.Mikhalev Francis Leonard Deepak Duncan paul Fagg Department of Mechanical Engineering TEMA-Centre for Mechanical Technology and AutomationUniversity of AveiroAveiro 3810-193Portugal LASI-Intelligent Systems Associate Laboratory Guimarães 4800-058Portugal Nanostructured Materials Group International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory(INL)Avenida Mestre Jose VeigaBraga 4715-330Portugal

This study explores how the chemical interaction between magnesium hydride(MgH_(2))and the additive CrO_(3) influences the hydrogen/lithium storage characteristics of MgH_(2).We have observed that a 5 wt.%CrO_(3) additive reduces the dehydrogenation activation energy of MgH_(2) by 68 kJ/mol and lowers the required dehydrogenation temperature by 80℃.CrO_(3) added MgH_(2) was also tested as an anode in an Li ion battery,and it is possible to deliver over 90%of the total theoretical capacity(2038 mAh/g).Evidence for improved reversibility in the battery reaction is found only after the incorporation of additives with MgH_(2).In depth characterization study by X-ray diffraction(XRD)technique provides convincing evidence that the CrO_(3) additive interacts with MgH_(2) and produces Cr/MgO *** free energy analyses confirm the thermodynamic feasibility of conversion from MgH_(2)/CrO_(3) to MgO/Cr,which is well supported by the identification of Cr(0)in the powder by X ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)*** high resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM)and energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS)we found evidence for the presence of 5 nm size Cr nanocrystals on the surface of MgO rock salt *** is also convincing ground to consider that MgO rock salt accommodates Cr in the *** observations support the argument that creation of active metal–metal dissolved rock salt oxide interface may be vital for improving the reactivity of MgH_(2),both for the improved storage of hydrogen and lithium.

关键词： Hydrogen storage Rechargeable batteries Binary hydrides Metal oxides Catalytic mechanism.

Applying Earth Observation Technologies to Economic Consequence Modeling:A Case study of COVID‑19 in Los Angeles County,California

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2024年第1期15卷 18-31页

作者： Fynnwin Prager Marina T.Mendoza Charles K.Huyck Adam Rose paul Amyx Gregory Yetman Kristy F.Tiampo California state University Dominguez HillsCarsonCA 90747USA ImageCat Inc.Long BeachCA 90802USA University of Southern California Los AngelesCA 90015USA CIESIN–Center for International Earth Science Information Network Columbia UniversityPalisadesNY 10964USA Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences(CIRES) University of Colorado BoulderBoulderCO 80309USA

Earth observation(EO) technologies,such as very high-resolution optical satellite data available from Maxar,can enhance economic consequence modeling of disasters by capturing the fine-grained and real-time behavioral responses of businesses and the *** investigated this unique approach to economic consequence modeling to determine whether crowd-sourced interpretations of EO data can be used to illuminate key economic behavioral responses that could be used for computable general equilibrium modeling of supply chain repercussions and resilience *** applied our methodology to the COVID-19 pandemic experience in Los Angeles County,California as a case *** also proposed a dynamic adjustment approach to account for the changing character of EO through longer-term disasters in the economic modeling *** found that despite limitations,EO data can increase sectoral and temporal resolution,which leads to significant differences from other data sources in terms of direct and total impact *** findings from this analytical approach have important implications for economic consequence modeling of disasters,as well as providing useful information to policymakers and emergency managers,whose goal is to reduce disaster costs and to improve economic resilience.

关键词： Computable general equilibrium models COVID-19 Disaster economic impacts Earth observation Economic consequence analysis Los Angeles County

Should we perform decompressive laparotomy during severe acute pancreatitis with intra-abdominal hypertension below 25 mmHg:Only the gut knows

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第5期16卷 1470-1473页

作者： Thibault Vieille Melissa Crotet Celia Turco paul Monasterolo Hadrien Winiszewski Gael Piton Medical Intensive Care Unit Besancon University HospitalBesancon 25000France Intensive Care Unit Vesoul HospitalVesoul 70000France Department of Digestive Surgical Oncology-Liver Transplantation Unit Besancon University HospitalBesancon 25000France Inserm UMRS-938 Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine(CRSA)Sorbonne UniversitéParis 10041NY212France Intensive Care Unit Nord Franche Comte HospitalTrevenans 90400France

We suggest that during severe acute pancreatitis(SAP)with intra-abdominal hypertension,practitioners should consider decompressive laparotomy,even with intra-abdominal pressure(IAP)below 25 ***,in this setting,non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia(NOMI)may occur even with IAP below this cutoff and lead to transmural necrosis if abdominal perfusion pressure is not promptly *** report our experience of 18 critically ill patients with SAP having undergone decompressive laparotomy of which one third had NOMI while IAP was mostly below 25 mmHg.

关键词： Acute pancreatitis Abdominal compartment syndrome Decompressive laparotomy Mesenteric ischemia Intra-abdominal pressure Abdominal perfusion pressure

Dual-wavelength all-fiber Q-switched fiber laser using bismuth-doped fiber as saturable absorber

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Optoelectronics Letters 2024年第3期20卷 147-151页

作者： Aruna Ghosh Abdulkadir Mukhtar Diblawe Uttam Kumar Samanta Moh Yasin Sulaiman Wadi Harun Mukul Chandra paul Fiber Optics and Photonics Division CSIR-Central Glass and Ceramic Research InstituteKolkata 700032India Physics Department Jadavpur UniversityKolkata 700032India Photonics Engineering Laboratory Department of Electrical EngineeringUniversity of MalayaKuala Lumpur 50603Malaysia Department of Physics Faculty of Science and TechnologyAirlangga UniversitySurabayaIndonesia

A passively Q-switched all-fiber laser is demonstrated using a 10-cm-long bismuth-doped fiber(BDF) as a saturable absorber(SA). The dual-wavelength operation was obtained due to the nonlinear effect inside the fabricated BDF, which has a high germanium content. stable Q-switched pulses were obtained at the dual synchronous wavelengths of 1 530.1 nm and 1 531.1 nm. When the pump power is tuned from 105.3 mW to 191.0 mW, the repetition rate can be varied from 82.6 kMz to 117.6 kHz. The maximum pulse energy and average output power were 83.4 nJ and 9.8 mW, respectively while the minimum pulse width was 8.5 μs at the maximum pump power of 191.0 mW. Our results indicate that BDF could be a promising alternative optical modulator for pulsed fiber laser application.

关键词： fiber switched pump

AI for science: Predicting infectious diseases

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Journal of Safety Science and Resilience 2024年第2期5卷 130-146页

作者： Alexis Pengfei Zhao Shuangqi Li Zhidong Cao paul Jen-Hwa Hu Jiaojiao Wang Yue Xiang Da Xie Xi Lu Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBejing 100090China Systems Engineering Cornll UniversityIthacaNY 14853USA David Eccles School of Business the University of UtahUtahUSA Collge of Electrical Engineering Sichuan UniversityChina Department of Electrical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China School of Electrical Engineering Southeast UniversityNanjing 210096China

The global health landscape has been persistently challenged by the emergence and re-emergence of infectious *** epidemiological models,rooted in the early 2oth century,have provided foundational in-sights into disease ***,the intricate web of modern global interactions and the exponential growth of available data demand more advanced predictive *** is where AI for Science(AI4S)comes into play,offering a transformative approach by integrating artificial intelligence(Al)into infectious disease *** paper elucidates the pivotal role of AI4s in enhancing and,in some instances,superseding tradi-tional epidemiological *** harnessing AI's capabilities,AI4S facilitates real-time monitoring,sophisticated data integration,and predictive modeling with enhanced *** comparative analysis highlights the stark contrast between conventional models and the innovative strategies enabled by *** essence,Al4S represents a paradigm shift in infectious disease *** addresses the limitations of traditional models and paves the way for a more proactive and informed response to future *** we navigate the complexities of global health challenges,Al4S stands as a beacon,signifying the next phase of evolution in disease prediction,characterized by increased accuracy,adaptability,and efficiency.

关键词： AI for science(AI4S) Data integration Global healthchallenges Infectious disease prediction Predictive modeling Real-timemonitoring

A Global Group of Friends

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Beijing Review 2024年第29期67卷 26-27页

作者： Jean paul Vargas Sustainable Development Innovation Laboratory Central American Institute of Public Administration Center for Historical Research of Central America University of Costa Rica

China's Global Deve lopment Initiative(GDI)is emerging as a transformative force in the intema-tional *** President Xi Jinping first publicized the concepl al the United Nations General Assembly in September *** its announcemen,the GDT's main components and objectives,aimed at fostering cunnectily and coperation between coninents,hawe atractod workdwide atentin.

关键词： Global foster objectives

Long-term Integration Ability of the Submillimeter Wave Astronomy Satellite(SWAS)Spectral Line Receivers

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第6期24卷 315-322页

作者： Bing-Ru Wang Di Li paul F.Goldsmith Jingwen Wu Chao-Wei Tsai Rudolf Schieder Gary J.Melnick National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Research Center for Astronomical Computing Zhejiang LaboratoryHangzhou 311100China Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCA 91109USA Institute for Frontiers in Astronomy and Astrophysics Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 102206China KOSMA I.Physik.InstitutUniversität zu KölnZülpicher Str.7750937 KölnGermany Center for Astrophysics|Harvard&Smithsonian 60 Garden StreetMS 66CambridgeMA 02138USA

The Submillimeter Wave Astronomy Satellite(SWAS)was the first space telescope capable of high spectral resolution observations of terahertz spectral *** have investigated the integration ability of its two receivers and spectrometer during five and a half years of on-orbit *** CI,O_(2),H_(2)O,and^(13)CO spectra taken toward all observed Galactic sources were *** present results are based on spectra with a total integration time of up to 2.72×10~4hr(■10~8s).The noise in the spectra is generally consistent with that expected from the radiometer equation,without any sign of approaching a noise *** noise performance reflects the extremely stable performance of the passively cooled front end as well as other relevant components in the SWAS instrument throughout its mission lifetime.

关键词： telescopes space vehicles:instruments instrumentation:miscellaneous ISM:lines and bands