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Spatial Analysis of structural Changes and Floristic Distribution of Forest Landscapes in the Centre-West Region of Burkina Faso

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2024年第9期12卷 246-268页

作者： stéphane koudougou Oumar Kaboré Space and Society Dynamics Laboratory Université Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso National Center for Scientific and Technological Research/Institute for Environment and Agricultural Research (CNRst/INERA) Space and Society Dynamics Laboratory of Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Land use and occupation dynamics impact landscape structure, diversity, richness and balance of vegetation cover. The aim of this study is to describe the process of fragmentation of the forest landscape from 1990 to 2020 and its effects on the degradation of the floristic characteristics of the vegetation in the Central West region of Burkina Faso. To achieve this, satellite data were collected and processed as part of a mapping approach to describing the landscape and the different types of landscape fragmentation. Mapping indices of landscape fragmentation (relative richness, change process, patch zones, Shannon diversity index) were also calculated. These indices were programmed in Idrisi Selva’s Landscape Pattern and change process analysis module. Spatio-temporal analysis revealed that in 1990, the landscape was dominated by natural vegetation formations, covering 66.33% of the territory. By 2020, these had been degraded to 44.80% by farmlands. The mapping analysis of indices also showed that the study area is characterized by four types of landscape fragmentation, including attrition, aggregation, creation and dissection. We also observed an abundant homogeneity, diversity and richness of conservation areas with legal and land tenure status. However, the structure is heterogeneous in landscapes outside protected areas and in areas under human occupation. This shows the crucial role played by conservation areas in preserving and balancing the diversity of vegetative cover in the study area.

关键词： Change Process Fragmentation Remote Sensing Landscape Burkina Faso

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Development of NK cell-based cancer immunotherapies through receptor engineering

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2024年第4期21卷 315-331页

作者： Audrey Page Nicolas Chuvin Jenny Valladeau-Guilemond stéphane Depil Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon UMR INSERM U1052 CNRS 5286Centre Léon BérardLyonFrance ErVimmune LyonFrance Centre Léon Bérard LyonFrance UniversitéClaude Bernard Lyon 1 LyonFrance

Natural killer(NK)cell-based immunotherapies are attracting increasing interest in the field of cancer *** clinical trials have shown promising outcomes,alongside satisfactory product efficacy and *** developments have greatly increased the therapeutic potential of NK cells by endowing them with enhanced recognition and cytotoxic *** review focuses on surface receptor engineering in NK cell therapy and discusses its impact,challenges,and future *** approaches are based on engineering with chimeric antigen receptors to allow NK cells to target specific tumor antigens independent of human leukocyte antigen *** approach has increased the precision and potency of NK-mediated recognition and elimination of cancer *** addition,engineering NK cells with T-cell receptors also mediates the recognition of intracellular epitopes,which broadens the range of target *** tumor peptide recognition by NK cells has also been improved by optimizing immunoglobulin constant fragment receptor expression and ***,engineered NK cells have an improved ability to recognize and destroy target cells coated with specific antibodies,thereby increasing their antibodydependent cellular *** ability of NK cell receptor engineering to promote the expansion,persistence,and infiltration of transferred cells in the tumor microenvironment has also been ***-based strategies for sustained NK cell functionality within the tumor environment have also been discussed,and these strategies providing perspectives to counteract tumor-induced ***,receptor engineering has led to significant advances in NK cell-based cancer *** technical challenges are addressed,these innovative treatments will likely reshape cancer immunotherapy.

关键词： NK cells Cell therapy Receptor engineering CAR

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Could near infrared spectroscopy be the new weapon in our understanding of the cerebral and muscle microvascular oxygen demand during exercise?

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第4期13卷 457-458页

作者： stephane Perrey EuroMov Digital Health in Motion University of MontpellierIMT Mines AlesMontpellier 34090France

Near-infrared spectroscopy(NIRS)has been increasingly utilized in both sport and health sciences to assess various physiological parameters related to exercise performance.1 NIRS methods coupled with the recent development of portable and wearable devices suitable for field-based measurements have revolutionized the study of exercise physiology and the determinants of exercise performance by providing real-time,non-invasive,and spatially localized measurements of tissue oxygenation dynamics.

关键词： cerebral utilized exercise

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Geophysical evidence of large-scale silica-rich fluid flow above the continental subduction interface

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第9期67卷 2796-2809页

作者： Yuantong MAO Liang ZHAO Marco G.MALUSA stefano SOLARINO Silvia PONDRELLI Baolu SUN Coralie AUBERT Simone SALIMBENI Elena EVA stéphane GUILLOT state Key Laboratory of Lithospheric and Environmental Coevolution Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Milano-BicoccaMilan 20126Italy Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia Osservatorio Nazionale TerremotiGenova 16145Italy Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia Sezione di BolognaBologna 40127Italy Université Grenoble Alpes Université Savoie Mont BlancCNRSIRDUGEISTerreGrenoble 38000France

Fluids in subduction zones can have major effects on subduction ***,geophysical constraints on the scale and impact of fluid flow during continental subduction are still *** we analyze the VP/VS ratios in the Western Alpine region,hosting one of the best-preserved fossil continental subduction zones worldwide,to investigate the impact of fluid flow during continental *** found a belt of high VP/VS ratios>1.9 on the upper-plate side of the subduction zone,consistent with a partially serpentinized upper-plate mantle,and a belt of unusually low VP/VS ratiosst fluid flow along the continental subduction *** results suggest that past fluid flow may have reduced the effective stress along the subduction interface thus favoring continental subduction.

关键词： Western Alps Crustal structure Receiver function Vp/Vs ratio Silica enrichment

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Parallelization of frequency domain quantum gates:manipulation and distribution of frequency-entangled photon pairs generated by a 21 GHz silicon microresonator

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Advanced Photonics 2024年第3期6卷 60-69页

作者： Antoine Henry Dario A.Fioretto Lorenzo M.Procopio stéphane Monfray Frédéric Boeuf Laurent Vivien Eric Cassan Carlos Alonzo-Ramos Kamel Bencheikh Isabelle Zaquine Nadia Belabas Institut Polytechnique de Paris LTCI Université Paris-Saclay CNRS Centre for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology Weizmann Institute of Science stMicroelectronics SAS

Harnessing the frequency dimension in integrated photonics offers key advantages in terms of scalability, noise resilience, parallelization, and compatibility with telecom multiplexing *** ring resonators have been used to generate frequency-entangled states through spontaneous four-wave mixing. However, state-of-the-art integrated resonators are limited by trade-offs among size,spectral separation, and efficient photon pair generation. We have developed silicon ring resonators with a footprint below 0.05 mm2providing more than 70 frequency channels separated by 21 GHz. We exploit the narrow frequency separation to parallelize and independently control 34 single qubit-gates with a single set of three off-the-shelf electro-optic devices. We fully characterize 17 frequency-bin maximally entangled qubit pairs by performing quantum state tomography. We demonstrate for the first time, we believe, a fully connected five-user quantum network in the frequency domain. These results are a step towards a generation of quantum circuits implemented with scalable silicon photonics technology, for applications in quantum computing and secure communications.

关键词： frequency domain integrated photonics quantum gates quantum networks

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What If the Protection against Oxidation of Chromia-Forming Alloys Was Not Always Due to the Chromia Layer?

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2024年第9期15卷 286-302页

作者： Boris Contri stéphane Valette Marina Soustre Pierre Lefort IRCER European Ceramics Centre UMR CNRS 7315 University of Limoges 12 rue Atlantis Limoges Cedex France

Chromia-forming alloys have good resistance to oxidizing agents such as O2, CO2, … It is accepted that the protection of these alloys is always due to the chromia layer formed at the surface of the alloys, which acts as a barrier between the oxidizing gases and the alloy substrates, forming a diffusion zone that limits the overall reaction rate and leads to parabolic kinetics. But this was not verified in the study devoted to Inconel®625 the oxidation in CO2 that was followed by TGA, with characterizations by XRD, EDS and FIB microscopy. Contrary to what was expected and accepted in similar studies on other chromia-forming alloys, it was shown that the diffusion step that governs the overall reaction rate is not located inside the chromia layer but inside the alloy, precisely inside a zone just beneath the interface alloy/chromia, this zone being depleted in chromium. The chromia layer, therefore, plays no kinetic role and does not directly protect the underlying alloy. This result was demonstrated using a simple test that consisted in removing the chromia layer from the surface of samples partially oxidized and then to continue the thermal treatment: insofar as the kinetics continued without any change in rate, this proved that this surface layer of oxide did not protect the substrate. Based on previous work on many chromia-forming alloys, the possibility of a similar reaction mechanism is discussed. If the chromia layer is not the source of protection for a number of chromia-forming alloys, as is suspected, this might have major consequences in terms of industrial applications.

关键词： Chromia-Forming Alloys Chromia Layer Oxidation Protection Inconel®625 Kinetics

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Epidemiology and Prognosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) in the Internal Medicine Department of the Bouake University Hospital (Côte d’Ivoire)

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Open Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第9期14卷 289-299页

作者： Nguessan Michel Konan stéphane Yapa Lauret Kouassi Tiépé Rokia Ouattara Kadidiata Touré Fiacre Abbé Georges stéphane Koffi Bourhaïma Ouattara Department of Internal Medicine Treichville Teaching Hospital Abidjan Cte dIvoire Medical Sciences Training and Research Unit Flix Houphouet Boigny University Abidjan Cte dIvoire Department of Internal Medicine Teaching Hospital of Bouake Bouake Cte dIvoire Medical Sciences Training and Research Unit Alassane Ouattara University Bouake Cte dIvoire

Background and Objective: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a public health problem due to its high incidence and high mortality rate. The epidemiology and prognosis of this disease is poorly documented in Bouake. The aim of the study was to describe the epidemiological aspects and identify the predictors of death in patients hospitalized for HCC in the Internal Medicine Department of the Bouake University Hospital in order to improve patient management. Material and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study from 1 January 2020 to 31 December 2022 in the Internal Medicine Department of Bouake University Hospital, involving 160 patients. Results: The prevalence of HCC was 3.6%, the mean age was 48.86 ± 14.5 years with extremes of 14 and 90 years and the sex ratio was 2.90. Viral hepatitis B was observed in 81% of patients, with HBs Ag positivity in 71.2%. The performance status of WHO was ≥ 2 in 93.2% of cases. HCC was discovered at advanced stage respectively in 51% for BCLC C and 47.8% for BCLC D stage. The nodules were multiple (89.3%), and superior to 3 cm. The hospital mortality was 20% and BCLC D stage of HCC was significantly associated with death (p = 0.04) in the univariate analysis. The BCLC D stage of HCC was significantly associated with death. Length of stay inferior to 5 days (OR = 0.77;CI 95: 0.61 - 0.96) and hepatic encephalopathy (OR = 1.39;CI 95: 1.10 - 1.77), were the two independent predictors of mortality. Conclusion: HCC mainly affected young men infected with chronic viral hepatitis B. Short length of stay and hepatic encephalopathy were independent predictors of mortality.

关键词： Liver Cancer Viral Hepatitis Death West Africa

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Noninvasive Respiratory strategies in Patients with Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure and COVID-19 in Gabon: A Prospective Observational study

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Open Journal of Emergency Medicine 2024年第1期12卷 18-27页

作者： Ghislain Edjo Nkilly Raphael Okoue Ondo Fernande Manga stéphane Oliveira Jean Marcel Mandji-Lawson Romain Tchoua Department of Emergency Anesthesia Resuscitation Omar Bongo Ondimba Army Training Hospital Libreville Gabon Department of Anesthesia and Resuscitation Libreville University Hospital Center Libreville Gabon Department of Anesthesia and Resuscitation Akanda Army Training Hospital Libreville Gabon

Importance: The best respiratory support technique to reduce intubation and mortality in patients with respiratory failure due to COVID-19 is controversial. Objective: To determine the respiratory support technique that could reduce the need for tracheal intubation and mortality in patients with respiratory failure due to COVID-19 admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) of Military’s Hospital (HIAOBO) in Gabon. Design, Setting, and Participants-Methodology: Prospective observational study over 10 months (January 2021-October 2021). We included patients admitted to intensive care for SARS Cov2 pneumonia who had benefited from available ventilatory support: high concentration face mask, High Flow Nasal cannula (HFNC), NIV (Non Invasive Ventilation), Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP). The choice was guided by the clinical condition, and the choice of the prescribing physicians. Recourse to mechanical ventilation was decided when faced with a Glasgow score of less than 13, an SpO2/FiO2 ratio ≤ 300, a FR ≥ 35/min, the impossibility of drainage of secretions. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome was the proportion of patients requiring intubation. The secondary outcomes were mortality in ICU. Results: The sample included 97 patients, the average age was55.6 years, hypertension was the main comorbidity (51.1%). Mean respiratory rate (RR) was 30.8 cycles/min, admission SpO2 was 83%, respiratory alkalosis was present in 63% of patients, mean CT involvement was 51%.Respiratory support was NIV (56.7%), CPAP (21.65%), high concentration face mask (18.55%). Sixteen percent (16%) of patients were intubated, 93% of them following failure of NIV. Mortality was 30%, mechanical ventilation was an independent risk factor for mortality. Conclusions: Non Invasive Ventilation, CPAP, and high-concentration face mask were frequently used in patients with COVID-related acute respiratory failure. The CPAP has reduced the need for intubation. Mechanic

关键词： Respiratory Failure COVID 19-Intensive Care Units Military Hospital Gabon

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Postoperative Analgesia and Cesarean Section under General Anesthesia: Multicenter study

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Open Journal of Anesthesiology 2024年第1期14卷 1-12页

作者： Ghislain Edjo Nkilly Raphael Okoue Ondo Pascal Christian Nze Obiang stéphane Oliveira Jean-Marcel Mandji-Lawson Romain Tchoua Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Omar Bongo Ondimba Army Training Hospital (HIAOBO) Libreville Gabon Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Jeanne Ebori Fondation Libreville Gabon Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Akanda Army Training Hospital Libreville Gabon

Background: Neuraxial anesthesia with intrathecal morphine is the reference technique in cesarean section anesthesia for the management of postoperative analgesia. If there is a contraindication to this, general anesthesia is required. The objective of the study was to evaluate the analgesic effectiveness of 4 analgesic techniques performed during cesarean section under general anesthesia in two centers with different anesthetic practices (North Franche Comté Hospital and Omar Bongo Ondimba Army Training Hospital). Method: This is a retrospective and descriptive study over 2 years, from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2020. It involved evaluating the analgesic effectiveness and tolerance of morphine in the epidural catheter, wound infiltration, intravenous analgesia and Transversus Abdominous Plane block (TAP block) from the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) until the 4th post-operative day. Results: Of the 354 cesarean sections performed, 84 (11.14%) received general anesthesia. The average age was 32.27 years. Acute fetal distress was the first indication for cesarean section (45.2%), followed by hemorrhagic placenta previa (10.7%) and prolapse of the cord (8.33%). Morphine in the epidural catheter was the most used (47.6%) followed by parietal infiltration (36.9%), intravenous analgesia (13.1%) and TAP block (2.38%). The analgesic effectiveness was comparable between the techniques from postoperative day 0 to day 4. No difference in side effects. Postoperative morphine consumption was significantly reduced (p = 0.011) in the infiltration (9 mg) and TAP block (9mg) groups compared to the epidural catheter (16 mg) and intravenous analgesia (17 mg). No difference in 02 rehabilitation criteria (ambulation, first bowel movement). No difference in the occurrence of chronic pain. Conclusion: In the event of a cesarean section under general anesthesia, there are effective and well-tolerated alternatives to neuraxial anesthesia, particularly regional anesthesia

关键词： Cesarean General Anesthesia Morphine Parietal Infiltration Epidural Catheter Transversus Abdominis Plane Block Intravenous Analgesia

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Distribution and Contamination of Arsenic in Fish, Gastropods and Bivalves in the Aby and Tendo Lagoons in East of Ivory Coast

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2024年第3期15卷 246-264页

作者： Kouakou Serge Kouassi stéphane Jean Claon Kossonou Roland N’Guettia Séri Kipré Laurent Dakouo Guei Jokebed Djaman Allico Joseph Laboratory of Biology and Health University of F&eacutelix Houphou&eumlt-Boigny Abidjan C&ocircte d’Ivoire Department of Analytical Sciences and Public Health Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences University of F&eacutelix Houphou&eumlt-Boigny Abidjan C&ocircte d’Ivoire Laboratory of Environmental Sciences (LSE) University of Nangui Abrogoua Abidjan C&ocircte d’Ivoire Department of Medical and Fundamental Biochemistry Institut Pasteur of C&ocircte d’Ivoire Abidjan C&ocircte d’Ivoire

Lagoons are ecosystems for biodiversity and the livelihoods of coastal communities. The main objective of the study was to analyze the variability of arsenic concentrations in gastropods and bivalves in the Aby and Tendo lagoons, taking into account spatial, seasonal and hydrological variations. The study was carried out in four stages spread over two successive hydroclimatic cycles, including two seasons during the rainy season and two more during the dry season. The samples were taken in two areas of the Aby and Tendo lagoons. Arsenic levels were measured by ICP-MS. The results showed that mean arsenic concentrations in the muscles of organisms in Aby Lagoon ranged from 0.01 to 1.26 μg As/g, with a mean and median of 0.17 and 0.06 μg As/g, respectively. Fish had the highest levels of arsenic, followed by crustaceans, while molluscs and plants had lower and comparable concentrations of As. Arsenic concentrations in tilapia and jawbones varied significantly between sites and seasons, with higher concentrations at Tendo and during the rainy season. Arsenic concentrations in gastropods and bivalves were significantly higher than those of other species, with averages of 0.74 and 1.03 mg As/kg, respectively.

关键词： Arsenic Pollution Fish Gastropods Lagoons Health Effect

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