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Efficacy of morning-only 4 liter sulfa free polyethylene glycol vs 2 liter polyethylene glycol with ascorbic acid for afternoon colonoscopy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第30期20卷 10620-10627页

作者： John m Rivas Alejro Perez marlow Hernez Alison schneider Ferno J Castro Digestive Disease Center Cleveland Clinic FloridaWestonFL 33331United States Department of Gastroenterology University of Medicine and Dentistry of New JerseyStratfordNJ 08084United States Department of Internal medicine Cleveland Clinic FloridaWestonFL 33331United States

AIm: To compare the bowel cleansing efficacy of same day ingestion of 4-L sulfa-free polyethylene glycol (4-L SF-PEG) vs 2-L polyethylene glycol solution with ascorbic acid (2-L PEG + Asc) in patients undergoing after... 详细信息

关键词： Bowel preparation Colonoscopy Screening colonoscopy Colon cancer screening

Comparison of modelled-and remote sensing-derived daily snow line altitudes at Ulugh muztagh,northern Tibetan Plateau

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Journal of mountain Science 2016年第4期13卷 593-613页

作者： marinka SPIESS Eva HUINTJES Christoph schneider Department of Geography RWTH Aachen UniversityWiillnerstr.5b52066 AachenGermany Humbold University Berlin Unter den Linden 610099 BerlinGermany

The ice cap Ulugh muztagh in the central Kunlun Shan at the northern fringe of the Tibetan Plateau is a very isolated region with arid cold conditions. No observational, meteorological or glaciological ground truth data is available. Using the moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(mODIS) Level 1 radiance Swath Data(mOD02QKm) with a spatial resolution of 250 m, transient snow lines during the months of July to September in 2001 to 2014 are derived. Results are used to calibrate the physical based Coupled Snowpack and Ice surface energy and mass balance model(COSImA). The model runs on a representative detail region of Ulugh muztagh(Um) on a digital elevation model with the same spatial resolution as the mODIS bands. In the absence of field observations, the model is driven solely by dynamically downscaled global analysis data from the High Asia Refined analysis(HAR). We compare remote sensing derived and modelled mean regional transient snow line altitudes in the course of consecutive summer seasons in 2008 to 2010. The resulting snow line altitude(SLA) and annual equilibrium line altitude(ELA) proxy of both methods coincide very well in their interannual variability in accordance with interannual variability of climatic conditions. Since SLAs of both methods do notconsistently agree on a daily basis a usage of remote sensing derived SLAs for model calibration in the absence of field observation data is only limitedly feasible for daily analysis. ELA approximation using the highest SLA at the end of ablation period may not be applied to Um because the negative winter mass balance(mB) is not reflected in the summer SLA. The study reveals moderate negative mB for Um throughout the modelling period. The mean regional mB of Um accounts for-523±410 mm w.e. a-1 in the modelling period. Hence Um seems not to belong to the area of the ‘Karakorum anomaly' comprising a region of positive mass balances in recent years which has its centre presumably in the Western Kunlu

关键词： Ulugh muztagh Imaging spectroradiometer mODIS COSImA Energy balance Snow line Tibetan Plateau Kunlun Shan

Root Exudation of Organic Acids of Herbaceous Pioneer Plants and Their Growth in sterile and Non-sterile Nutrient-Poor,Sandy Soils from Post-mining Sites

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Pedosphere 2019年第1期29卷 34-44页

作者： Katja BOLDT-BURISCH Bernd Uwe schneider m.Anne NAETH Reinhard F.HTTL Chair of Soil Protection and Recultivation Brandenburg University of Technology Helmholtz Centre Potsdam-German Research Centre for Geosciences Department of Renewable Resources University of Alberta

Nutrient-poor, sandy soils form the prevailing substrate at post-mining sites of the Lusatian region(Brandenburg, Germany) and present a challenge for vegetation development. We studied the organic acid quantity and composition of three commonly occurring pioneer plant species, the legumes Lotus corniculatus L. and Trifolium arvense L. and the grass Calamagrostis epigeios(L.) Roth, to determine if plant growth and exudation differed with(non-sterilized soil) and without(sterilized soil) an indigenous soil microbial community. We investigated whether organic acids were found in the rhizosphere and surrounding soil and whether this influenced nutrient mobilization. This study consists of linked field investigations and a greenhouse experiment. Plants were grown in the greenhouse in either sterilized or non-sterilized sandy soil from a reclamation site in the Lusatian mining landscape(Welzow Su¨d, East Germany). After seven months, the plant biomass, root morphology, organic acids, and water-soluble nutrients and root colonization with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AmF) and dark septate endophytes(DSE) were analyzed. Roots of all three plants in the field and greenhouse experiments were highly colonized with AmF. Calamagrostis epigeios and T. arvense had a significantly higher colonization frequency with DSE than L. corniculatus. The quantity and composition of organic acids strongly differed among plant species, with the highest number of organic acids found for L. corniculatus and lowest for C. epigeios. The quantity of organic acids was greatly reduced in all plants under sterilized soil conditions. However, the composition of organic acids and plant growth in sterilized soil were reduced for both legumes, but not for C. epigeios, which had a higher biomass under sterilized conditions. Changes in nutrient concentrations in the field rhizosphere soil relative to those in the control were measurable after seven months. While the spectrum of organic acids and the growth

关键词： Calamagrostis epigeios indigenous soil microbial community Lotus corniculatus microbial colonization mining landscape nutrient mobilization root symbiotic partner Trifolium arvense

Heat Treatment and Properties of Nitrogen Alloyed, martensitic, Corrosion-resistant steels

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材料热处理学报 2004年第5期25卷 582-587页

作者： Reinhold schneider Klaus Sammt Roland Rabitsch michael Haspel BOHLER Edelstahl GmbH Kapfenberg Austria

This paper gives a short introduction to the typical process route and material properties of these steels in comparison to standard martensitic corrosion-resistant steels. The typical response of these steels to various heat treatment parameters is shown and explained using the three grades m333, N360 and m340 (all made by Bohler Edelstahl GmbH) as examples, and the physical metallurgy of these steels and its consequences for practical heat treatment is explained. The correlation between tempering parameters and their effect on the toughness and corrosion properties is explained in particular detail, showing that these new steels not only offer far better property combinations under the usual heat treatment parameters than standard martensitic corrosion-resistant steels, but that they also open the door to extending heat treatment combinations and properties.

关键词：热处理高氮钢马氏体钢抗腐蚀钢

Damage due to rolling in total knee replacement-The influence of tractive force

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Friction 2013年第2期1卷 178-185页

作者： markus AWImmER Lars BIRKEN Kay SELLENSCHLOH Erich schneider Section of Tribology Rush University Medical CenterChicagoIL 60612USA Section of Biomechanics Hamburg University of TechnologyHamburg21071Germany

The femoral condyles of a knee prosthesis articulate with a combination of rolling and sliding on the tibial polyethylene *** is known about potential polyethylene damage due to rolling *** rolling does not exclude the presence of tangential surface loads,this study sought to investigate the influence of tractive rolling on the wear of polyethylene.A“wheel-on-flat”apparatus,consisting of a metal wheel and a polyethylene flat,mimicked contact conditions present in total knee *** increasingly tractive force under conditions of pure rolling was *** was found that under rolling kinematics a tangential surface load of up to 17%of the normal load could be transferred through the *** damage was dependent on the amount of tractive force and appeared more severe with higher *** the region of highest tractive force,wear features were identified that resembled perpendicular ridges on surfaces of retrieved tibial polyethylene *** suggests that tractive rolling may be a relevant wear mode in total knee replacement.

关键词： polyethylene wear knee prosthesis tractive rolling

The Sandfish's Skin:morphology,Chemistry and Reconstruction

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2007年第1期4卷 1-9页

作者： Werner Baumgartner Friederike Saxe Agnes Weth David Hajas Darwin Sigumonrong Jens Emmerlich martin Singheiser Wolfgang Bhme Jochen m. schneider Department of Cellular Neurobionics RWTH-Aachen Kopernikusstr. 16 52056 Aachen Germany material Chemistry RWTH-Aachen Kopernikusstr. 16 52056 Aachen Germany Institute of Zoology RWTH-Aachen Kopernikusstr. 16 52056 Aachen Germany Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig (ZFmK) Adenauerallee 160 53113 Bonn Germany

The sandfish is a lizard having the remarkable ability to move in desert sand in a swimming-like fashion. The most outstanding adaptations to this mode of life are the low friction behaviour and the extensive abrasion resistance of the sandfish skin against sand, outperforming even steel. We investigated the topography, the composition and the mechanical properties of sandfish scales. These consist of glycosylated keratins with high amount of sulphur but no hard inorganic material, such as silicates or lime. Remarkably, atomic force microscopy shows an almost complete absence of attractive forces between the scale surface and a silicon tip, suggesting that this is responsible for the unusual tribological properties. The unusual glycosylation of the keratins was found to be absolutely necessary for the described phenomenon. The scales were dissolved and reconstituted on a polymer surface resulting in properties similar to the original scale. Thus, we provide a pathway towards exploitation of the reconstituted scale material for future engineering applications.

关键词： Sandfish Skink Scincus scincus tribology nanoindentation keratin abrasion

Thixocasting combination spanners using stainless steel X39Crmo17

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 2010年第S3期20卷 998-1004页

作者： m.BüNCK E.SUBASIC A.BüHRIG-POLACZEK K.JIANG S.müNstERmANN J.m.schneider K.FICKERT H.J.GüNTHER Foundry Institute at RWTH Aachen University AachenGermany materials Chemistry at RWTH Aachen University AachenGermany HAZET-Hermann Zerver GmbH & Co.KG RemscheidGermany PlaTeG GmbH SiegenGermany

Forging is state-of-the-art for producing hand tools on an industrial *** to high demands on the stiffness and the fracture toughness,high-strength forging steels were used to provide cavity-free components with high mechanical load ***,forging is a cost-effective mass production process but,in spite of all its advantages,it has its limitations,*** the freedom of ***,because of the extreme thermal loading(particularly with regard to permanent moulds) and the frequently unavoidable casting defects,hand tools are not *** means of thixocasting steel,technical difficulties can be reduced and new options are provided which allow the manufacturing of components with much higher complexity than that using *** near-net shape production,manufacturing steps and costs can be ***,steels,which are difficult to forge but nonetheless have high potential for specific applications(such as high strength or corrosion resistant steels),can also be *** cooperation with industrial partners,X39Crmo17 stainless steel combination spanners with 17 mm width across flats were *** dies were designed and optimized by simulation,the hot forming X38CrmoV5 tool steel as well as the molybdenum alloy TZm were selected as the tool *** dies were treated by a plasma nitriding process and subsequently coated with crystalline Al2O3 protective coatings by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition(PECVD).During the experiments,combination spanners were successfully cast in the semi-solid *** parts were heat-treated to enhance the toughness of components,which was subsequently measured by a standardized torque ***,a hypothetical approach of a possible,industrial batch process was carried out using the simulation software mAGmAsoft.

关键词： thixocasting X39Crmo17 steel casting semi-solid mAGmAsoft simulation

Human-Animal Interactions in Disaster Settings:A Systematic Review

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2023年第3期14卷 369-381页

作者： Haorui Wu Lindsay K.Heyland mandy Yung maryam schneider School of Social Work Faculty of HealthDalhousie UniversityHalifaxNS B3H 4R2Canada Department of Psychology Mount Saint Vincent UniversityHalifaxNSB3M2J6Canada

This systematic review aimed to assess the current knowledge of human-animal interactions(HAIs)in disaster settings and identify areas for future research.A Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and meta-Analyses search was conducted on three multidisciplinary databases,identifying English-language journal articles published between January 2000and February 2022 that explored the benefits of and challenges associated with HAI in disasters and *** review analyzed 94 articles using both quantitative and qualitative *** review found a paucity of universal terminology to describe the bidirectional relationship between humans and animals during disasters and a failure to include all animal types in every stage of disaster and emergency ***,research predominantly focused on the health and well-being benefits of HAI for humans rather than *** to promote social and environmental justice for humans and their co-inhabitants should support the welfare of both humans and animals in disaster *** recommendations were developed based on these findings to increase the inclusion of HAI in research,policy,and *** of the review included the exclusion of pre-2000 articles and all grey literature,limited research examining different combinations of animal and disaster types,and limited research outside of North America.

关键词： Emergency management Hazards and disaster research Human-animal bonds Human-animal interactions Human-animal welfare Inclusive Literature review

Human mesenchymal stem cell morphology, migration, and differentiation on micro and nano-textured titanium

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Bioactive materials 2019年第1期4卷 249-255页

作者： Emily G.Long merve Buluk michelle B.Gallagher Jennifer m.schneider Justin L.Brown Department of Biomedical Engineering The Pennsylvania State University122 CBEB BuildingUniversity ParkPA16802USA Titan Spine Inc.Mequon Research Center6140 W.Executive DriveSuite AMequonWI53092USA

Orthopedic implants rely on facilitating a robust interaction between the implant material surface and the surrounding bone ***,the interface will encourage osseointegration with the host bone,resulting in strong fixation and implant ***,implant failure can occur due to the lack of integration with bone tissue or bacterial *** chosen material and surface topography of orthopedic implants are key factors that influence the early events following implantation and may ultimately define the success of a *** attachment,rapid migration and improved differentiation of stem cells to osteoblasts are necessary to populate the surface of biomedical implants,potentially preventing biofilm formation and implant-associated *** article explores these early stem cell specific events by seeding human mesenchymal stem cells(mSCs)on four clinically relevant materials:polyether ether ketone(PEEK),Ti6Al4V(smooth Ti),macro-micro rough Ti6Al4V(Endoskeleton®),and macro-micro-nano rough Ti6Al4V(nanoLOCK®).The results demonstrate the incorporation of a hierarchical macro-micro-nano roughness on titanium produces a stellate morphology typical of mature osteoblasts/osteocytes,rapid and random migration,and improved osteogenic differentiation in seeded *** suggests rapid coverage of a surface by stem cells coupled with stimulation of bone differentiation minimizes the opportunity for biofilm formation while increasing the rate of device integration with the surrounding bone tissue.

关键词： titanium implantation roughness