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Friction transitions and connections to third bodies for a Cd coating on steel substrate

Friction 2020年第4期8卷 784-801页

作者： Priyadarshi BEHERA Lisa LEE sriraman k.rajagopalan Richard R.CHROMIk Stephen YUE Department of Mining&Materials Engineering McGill UniversityMontrealQC H3A 0C5Canada

Cd coating is used in aerospace industries from last five decades due to its sacrificial protection and lubrication properties. Although Cd coating is primarily used due to its sacrificial corrosion protection when applied on steel substrate, the added benefit of modifying the tribological behavior by acting as a lubricious layer gives it a leading-edge than other coatings. Often the measurement of friction coefficient (CoF) is reported as a value generated after full sliding cycle. This measurement of average CoF generally limits the study of local variation in CoF occurring within one sliding cycle, which can be significantly different with change in spatial position due to change in third body morphology. In this study, a linearly reciprocating sliding test is used to measure the CoF at a sampling rate of 800 Hz along the track length to generate triboscopic image with steel countersphere. The instantaneous CoF obtained with triboscopy is correlated with the wear track morphology using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and optical profilometer for variation in contact conditions. Tribological test performed in dry atmosphere shows an average CoF of 0.4 till the end of the test whereas with increase in relative humidity to 60%, the average CoF changes from 0.4 to 0.8 at the end of the test due to change in contact conditions. Soft Cd coating on low carbon steel substrate is used to study these variations in third body morphology.

关键词： tribology Cd coating triboscopy third body aerospace coating humidity

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Incretin manipulation in diabetes management

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World Journal of Diabetes 2015年第6期6卷 774-781页

作者： Joseph M Pappachan AV Raveendran rajagopalan sriraman Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes New Cross Hospital the Royal Wolverhampton Hospital NHS Trust Department of Medicine Kottayam Medical College Department of Endocrinology Lincoln County Hospital

Incretin-based therapies have revolutionized the medical management of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) in the 21 st century. Glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1) suppresses appetite and gastric motility, and has trophic effects on pancreas, cardio-protective and renal effects. GLP-1 analogues and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors form the incretin-based therapies. Significant reduction of hemoglobin A1 c when used as monotherapy and in combination regimens, favorable effects on body weight, and low risk of hypoglycemia are their unique therapeutic benefits. Their safety and tolerability are comparable to other anti-diabetic medications. Concern about elevated risk of pancreatitis has been discarded by two recent meta-analyses. This article discusses the therapeutic manipulation of incretin system for the management of T2 DM.

关键词： Incretin hormones Incretin-based therapies Glucagon-like peptide-1 analogues Dipeptidyl peptidase-4inhibitors Pancreatitis

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Diabetic cardiomyopathy:Pathophysiology,diagnostic evaluation and management

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World Journal of Diabetes 2013年第5期4卷 177-189页

作者： Joseph M Pappachan George I Varughese rajagopalan sriraman Ganesan Arunagirinathan Department of Endocrinology University Hospital of North Staffordshire Department of Endocrinology Lincoln County Hospital Department of Endocrinology The Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh

Diabetes affects every organ in the body and cardiovascular disease accounts for two-thirds of the mortality in the diabetic ***-related heart disease occurs in the form of coronary artery disease(CAD),cardiac autonomic neuropathy or diabetic cardiomyopathy(DbCM).The prevalence of cardiac failure is high in the diabetic population and DbCM is a common but underestimated cause of heart failure in *** pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy is yet to be clearly ***,dyslipidemia and inflammation are thought to play key roles in the generation of reactive oxygen or nitrogen species which are in turn *** myocardial interstitium undergoes alterations resulting in abnormal contractile function noted in *** the early stages of the disease diastolic dysfunction is the only abnormality,but systolic dysfunction supervenes in the later stages with impaired left ventricular ejection *** Doppler echocardiography is usually used to assess diastolic dysfunction,but tissue Doppler Imaging and Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging are being increasingly used recently for early detection of *** management of DbCM involves improvement in lifestyle,control of glucose and lipid abnormalities,and treatment of hypertension and CAD,if *** role of vasoactive drugs and antioxidants is being *** review discusses the pathophysiology,diagnostic evaluation and management options of DbCM.

关键词： Diabetic cardiomyopathy Cardiac autonomic neuropathy Coronary artery disease Heart failure Transmitral Doppler Echocardiography

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