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A Clustering Approach for Customer Billing Prediction in Mall: A Machine Learning Mechanism

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Journal of Computer and Communications 2019年第3期7卷 55-66页

作者： sriramakrishnan chandrasekaran Abhishek Kumar Manager KTech Regional Delivery Center KPMG LLP Montvale NJ USA Computer Science Engineering Department ACERC Ajmer India

Machine learning implementations are being done in a long way in science and technology and especially in medical stream. In this article, we are focusing on machine learning implementation on mall customers and based on their income and how they can invest in the purchase in a mall. This explains the features like Customer ID, gender, age, income, and spending score. There, we mentioned a score in purchasing the goods in the mall. In this scenario, we are implementing clustering mechanisms, and here we apply the dataset of mall customers which is a public dataset and create clusters related to the customer purchase. We implement machine learning models for the prediction of whether the visited customer will purchase any product or not. For this kind of works, we require many of the inputs like the features mentioned in the paper. To maintain the features, we require a model with machine learning capability. We are performing K-Means clustering and Hierarchical clustering mechanisms, and finally, we implement a confusion matrix to achieve and identify the highest accuracy in those two algorithms. Here, we consider machine learning mechanisms to predict the category of the customer about whether they can buy a product or not based on the independent variables. This work presents you a simple machine learning prediction model based on which we can predict the category of the customer based on clustering. Before clustering, we don’t know to what group they belong to. But after clustering, we can identify the category that data node belongs to. In this article, we are mentioning the process of determining the employee based information using machine learning clustering mechanisms.

关键词： Clustering Machine Learning Category Technology Hierarchical K-Means

Transforming nanoscale VO_(2)(B) into a scalable sodium-ion electrode

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Nano Research 2024年第10期17卷 8809-8818页

作者： Yunkai Luo Swetha chandrasekaran Bintao Hu Randy Chen Marcus Worsley Bruce Dunn Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095USA Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory CA 94550USA

The intermittent nature of renewable energies requires highly reliable grid-level energy storage approaches.A critical consideration in developing this technology is the areal capacity which determines battery performance and influences the cost of battery *** related importance is finding new ways of developing scalable *** recent years,threedimensional(3D)printing of conductive scaffolds has emerged as an alternative to overcome the scalability limitations of commercial tape cast *** research carried out in the current study demonstrates a successful scalability pathway for nanoscale VO_(2)(B),a desirable cathode for sodium-ion batteries which has a nano-flower morphology with a crystallite size<20 *** electrodepositing VO_(2)(B)onto a graphene aerogel scaffold,we were able to achieve mass loading of over 100 mg·cm^(-2) and still possess an areal capacity of 10 mAh·cm^(-2) at a current density of 5 mA·cm^(-2).Moreover,after 1000 cycles,these electrodes retained 75% to 80% of their initial *** at high loading levels,the electrodeposited VO_(2)(B)exhibits pseudocapacitive material signatures such as a box-like voltammetry response,linear galvanostatic response,and no phase change upon *** scalability of the VO_(2)(B)electrode is demonstrated in a series of experiments which show the areal capacity to scale upon increase in both mass loading and electrode thickness,with only small changes in specific *** study establishes that nanoscale materials can be scaled up to achieve thick electrodes without compromising their electrochemical properties.

关键词： nano VO_(2)(B) sodium-ion battery scalable electrodes three-dimensional(3D)printed scaffold additive manufacturing

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近海三角张力腿平台钢筋束假定失效研究

哈尔滨工程大学学报（英文版） 2024年第1期23卷 182-200页

作者： Srinivasan chandrasekaran Ganta Shanmukha Rao Department of Ocean Engineering Indian Institute of TechnologyMadras 600036India

Offshore triceratops is one of the successful manifestations of the form-dominant design approaches deployable in ultra-deepwater oil and gas *** deck’s geometric shape and partial isolation from the legs counteract lateral *** are position-restrained to the sea bed by taut-moored tendons,while ball joints partially isolate the deck from the buoyant ***,compliance in the horizontal plane imposes large displacements,intuiting the necessity to examine tendon *** analysis of triceratops under wave and wind combined action is carried out under the postulated conditions of a tendon failure.10-yr,100-yr,and 1000-yr post-Katrina hurricane conditions are assumed as loading to the *** confirm a marginal increase in the natural periods of stiff degrees of freedom even under postulated failure conditions,ensuring good adaptability to ultra-deep *** postulated failure,the tension of adjacent tendons varies significantly,causing a shift to the mean position of the *** life is significantly reduced under the postulated failure of tendons,making the platform free-floating without affecting its *** also show that the pitch response of the deck is a clear manifestation of the postulated failure,which is otherwise absent due to the presence of ball *** attempted study deliberates on the fatigue life of tendons,assessing the platform’s suitability to ultra-deep waters and identifying the vulnerable legs for the chosen load combinations.

关键词： Ball joints Tendons Buoyant legs Fatigue life Irregular waves Postulated failure

Quantifying Kinematic Tremor in an NGLY1-Deficient Individual: A Case Study

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Case Reports in Clinical Medicine 2024年第1期13卷 25-36页

作者： Brock Futrell Christopher Alexander Malaya Dacia Martinez Diaz Christian Alfaro Hannah Elizabeth Gustafson Subhalakshmi chandrasekaran Rhea Mohan Phatak Bernhard Suter Charles Shannon Layne Department of Health and Human Performance University of Houston Houston USA Center for Neuromotor and Biomechanics Research University of Houston Houston USA Department of Computer Science and Engineering Texas A&M University College Station USA Blue Bird Circle Rett Center Texas Children’s Hospital Houston USA Baylor College of Medicine Houston USA Center for NeuroEngineering and Cognitive Science University of Houston Houston USA

NGLY1 Deficiency is an autosomal recessive congenital disorder that has been identified in less than 100 individuals. Most individuals with NGLY1 Deficiency display hyperkinetic movement disorders, including choreiform, athetoid, dystonic myoclonic, dyskinetic, and dysmetric movements. Developing a consistent and concise consensus on the classification and evaluation of tremors is essential to forward the research and treatment of tremors. It has also been reported that some individuals with NGLY1 Deficiency demonstrate tremor, but such tremor has never been formally investigated. The primary objective of this study is to determine if an individual with NGLY1 Deficiency demonstrates an identifiable tremor during a series of arm movements and, if so, describe the frequency and power characteristics of that tremor. Arm movement kinematics were obtained using a 16-camera Vicon system, and time series trajectory waveforms for three planes of a marker placed on the hand were developed. Custom MATLAB scripts were utilized to compute Fast Fourier Transformations of the data within the identified waveform segments. A mean frequency of 2.30 Hz (SD = 1.05) with a mean power of 5.02 |P1(f)| (SD = 4.63) suggests that our participant’s kinematic data did display a persistent tremor in both hands across all tasks and movement planes. Analyses of the reaching hand and the non-reaching hand suggest the participant displayed an action tremor in both postural and intention (kinetic) tremors. Future directions should include assessing additional individuals with NGLY1 Deficiency to determine if the tremor is a distinguishable disorder behavior. Additionally, evaluating other anatomical sites, such as the elbow, head, and lower limbs, would provide further insights into the characteristics of this tremor.

关键词： Tremor NGLY Fast Fourier Transformation Reaching Hyperkinetic Movement

3-Dimensional Kinematic Comparison of Arm Movements between an Individual with NGLY1 Deficiency and a Neurotypical Individual

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Case Reports in Clinical Medicine 2024年第4期13卷 122-146页

作者： Charles S. Layne Christopher A. Malaya Brock Futrell Dacia Martinez Diaz Christian Alfaro Hannah E. Gustafson Subhalakshmi chandrasekaran Rhea M. Phatak Bernhard Suter Department of Health and Human Performance University of Houston Houston TX USA Center for Neuromotor and Biomechanics Research University of Houston Houston TX USA Center for Neuro Engineering and Cognitive Science University of Houston Houston TX USA Department of Computer Science and Engineering Texas A&M University College Station TX USA Blue Bird Circle Rett Center Texas Children&#8217s Hospital Houston TX USA Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA

NGLY1 Deficiency is an ultra-rare autosomal recessively inherited disorder. Characteristic symptoms include among others, developmental delays, movement disorders, liver function abnormalities, seizures, and problems with tear formation. Movements are hyperkinetic and may include dysmetric, choreo-athetoid, myoclonic and dystonic movement elements. To date, there have been no quantitative reports describing arm movements of individuals with NGLY1 Deficiency. This report provides quantitative information about a series of arm movements performed by an individual with NGLY1 Deficiency and an aged-matched neurotypical participant. Three categories of arm movements were tested: 1) open ended reaches without specific end point targets;2) goal-directed reaches that included grasping an object;3) picking up small objects from a table placed in front of the participants. Arm movement kinematics were obtained with a camera-based motion analysis system and “initiation” and “maintenance” phases were identified for each movement. The combination of the two phases was labeled as a “complete” movement. Three-dimensional analysis techniques were used to quantify the movements and included hand trajectory pathlength, joint motion area, as well as hand trajectory and joint jerk cost. These techniques were required to fully characterize the movements because the NGLY1 individual was unable to perform movements only in the primary plane of progression instead producing motion across all three planes of movement. The individual with NGLY1 Deficiency was unable to pick up objects from a table or effectively complete movements requiring crossing the midline. The successfully completed movements were analyzed using the above techniques and the results of the two participants were compared statistically. Almost all comparisons revealed significant differences between the two participants, with a notable exception of the 3D initiation area as a percentage of the complete movement. The stati

关键词： NGLY1 Deficiency Developmental Disorders Kinematics 3 Dimensional Analyses

Variation of Flow Field Around Twin Cylinders with and Without the Outer Perforated Cylinder ? Numerical Study

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China Ocean Engineering 2016年第5期30卷 763-771页

作者： chandrasekaran SRINIVASAN N.MADHAVI Department of Ocean Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Madras Department of Ocean Engineering IIT Madras

Presence of the outer perforated cylinder reduces the direct wave impact on the inner cylinder, which has been testified by many researchers. However, the force reduction mechanism, which is complicated due to the wave-porous structure interaction, needs to be addressed in detail. The present study explains the mechanism with the aid of the computational fluid dynamics （CFD） tool STAR CCM＋. This package is chosen for its capabilities to simulate viscous and turbulence effects caused by passage of waves. For the present study, flow fields around the twin cylinders with different orientations are examined with and without the outer perforated cover. Mechanism contributing to the reduction of force on the existing structure is explained in physical terms, and force reduction is quantified. The present study has direct application in the retrofitting application of offshore members.

关键词： CFD offshore structure perforated cylinder hydrodynamic force water particle kinematics twin cylinders

Appropriate Sub-band Selection in Wavelet Packet Decomposition for Automated Glaucoma Diagnoses

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International Journal of Automation and computing 2015年第4期12卷 393-401页

作者： chandrasekaran Raja Narayanan Gangatharan Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Anjalai Ammal Mahalingam Engineering College Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering R.M.K.College of Engineering and Technology

The most common reason for blindness among human beings is *** increase of fluid pressure damages the optic nerve which gradually leads to irreversible loss of vision.A technique for automated screening of Glaucoma from the fundal retinal images is presented in this *** paper intends to explore the significance of both the approximate and detail coefficients through wavelet packet decomposition(WPD).Decomposition is done with "db3" wavelet function and the images are decomposed up to level-3producing 84 *** features,the energy and the entropy are calculated for each sub-band producing two feature matrices(158 images × 84 features).The above step is purely a statistical measure based on *** enhance the diagnostic accuracy,the second phase considers the structural(biological) region of interest(ROI) in the image and then extracts the same *** is worthy to note that direct biological features are not extracted to eliminate the drawbacks of segmentation whereas the biologically significant region is taken as ***,the detailed coefficient sub-bands(prominent edges) show more significance in the biological-ROI *** from enhancing the diagnostic accuracy by feature reduction,the paper intends to mark the significance indices,uniqueness and discrimination capability of the significant features(sub-bands) in both the ***,the crisp inputs are fed to the classifier ***,from the significant features of the biological-ROI feature matrices,the accuracy is raised to 85%which is notable than the accuracy of 79%achieved without considering the ROI.

关键词： Glaucoma wavelet packet decomposition feature reduction feature significance artificial neural networks.

Automating Transfer Credit Assessment-A Natural Language Processing-Based Approach

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第11期73卷 2257-2274页

作者： Dhivya chandrasekaran Vijay Mago Lakehead University Thunder BayOntarioP7B 5E1Canada

Student mobility or academic mobility involves students moving between institutions during their post-secondary education,and one of the challenging tasks in this process is to assess the transfer credits to be offered to the incoming *** general,this process involves domain experts comparing the learning outcomes of the courses,to decide on offering transfer credits to the incoming *** manual implementation is not only labor-intensive but also influenced by undue bias and administrative *** proposed research article focuses on identifying a model that exploits the advancements in the field of Natural Language Processing(NLP)to effectively automate this *** the unique structure,domain specificity,and complexity of learning outcomes(LOs),a need for designing a tailor-made model *** proposed model uses a clustering-inspired methodology based on knowledge-based semantic similarity measures to assess the taxonomic similarity of LOs and a transformer-based semantic similarity model to assess the semantic similarity of the *** similarity between LOs is further aggregated to form course to course *** to the lack of quality benchmark datasets,a new benchmark dataset containing seven course-to-course similarity measures is *** the inherent need for flexibility in the decision-making process the aggregation part of the model offers tunable parameters to accommodate different levels of *** providing an efficient model to assess the similarity between courses with existing resources,this research work also steers future research attempts to apply NLP in the field of articulation in an ideal direction by highlighting the persisting research gaps.

关键词： Articulation agreements higher education natural language processing semantic similarity

Silver nanoparticles tolerant bacteria from sewage environment

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2011年第2期23卷 346-352页

作者： Sudheer Khan Amitava Mukherjee Natarajan chandrasekaran Nanobio-Medicine Laboratory School of Bio-Sciences and TechnologyVIT University

Silver nanoparticle （SNP） is a threat to soil, water and human health. Protection of environment from silver nanoparticles is a major concern. A sewage isolate, Bacillus pumilus treated with SNPs showed similar growth kinetics to that without nanoparticles. A reduction in the amount of exopolysaccharides was observed after SNPs - B. pumilus culture supernatant interaction. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FT-IR） peaks for the exopolysaccharides extracted from the bacterial culture supernatant and＇the interacted SNPs were almost similar. The exopolysaccharide capping of the SNPs was confirmed by UV-Visible, FT-IR and X-ray diffraction analysis. The study of bacterial exopolysaccharides capped SNPs with E. coli, S. aureus and M. luteus showed less toxicity compared to uncoated SNPs. Our studies suggested that the capping of nanopartieles by bacterially produced exopolysaccharides serve as the probable mechanism of tolerance.

关键词： Bacillus pumilus silver nanoparticles exopolysaccharides encapsulation bacterial tolerance toxicity reduction