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Isolation and Characterization of Contaminating Bacteria from Garcinia cambogia Extract: Methods to Reduce Microbial Load and Its Anti-Obesity Effect in Wistar Rats

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Natural Resources 2022年第7期13卷 147-170页

作者： Raj Kumar Bhosale Sasidharan Sakkan Srinivasa Murthy Venkatramanappa Shivaswamy Mathada Rudraiah Kumaraswamy Rampur Arulmozhi Sathiyanarayanan Deepa Mandlik Sanman Kolhe Sadanand Yewale sriram padmanabhan Herbal Division Sava Healthcare Limited Research Center MIDC Chinchwad India QC Division Sava Healthcare Limited KIADB Malur India Production Team Sava Healthcare Limited KIADB Malur India Department of Pharmacology Poona College of Pharmacy Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to Be University) Pune India SAVA Healthcare Limited Research Center Pune India

Objectives: This study aimed to identify the contaminating bacteria in the extract of Garcinia cambogia, which is regularly used as a dietary supplement for addressing obesity in humans. Methods: The Garcinia cambogia extract was used and experiments were conducted to isolate the contaminating bacteria and antibiotic susceptibility was tested. The organism was identified using BIOLOG system. Such an extract was used in a placebo-controlled animal study when 6 eight adult male rats weighing between 200 and 220 g were randomly distributed into three groups (n = 3) and in test group 1, a single dose of 100 mg/kg bw of Garcinia cambogia extract was given while in the test group 2, 100 mg Garcinia cambogia extract + 116 mg Picrorhiza kurroa extract were administered through oral gavage. The normal control rats were given distilled water, and the treatment lasted for 30 days. Blood plasma and liver tissues were prepared for biochemical analysis and histology studies. Results: Nearly ~103 cfu/g of Bacillus atrophaeus was present in the Garcinia cambogia extract and we demonstrate >99% reduction in the microbial load with tetracycline. Such an extract at a dose of 100 mg/kg, showed weight loss in Wistar rats when administered orally for 1 month with no significant changes in liver histopathology. Picrorhiza kurroa, also known for its hepatoprotective properties, has been administered at a dose of 116 mg/kg along with Garcinia extract at 100 mg/kg orally and found to improve levels of hepatic enzymes as similar to control animals, although not statistically significant. Conclusions: The study revealed that Garcinia cambogia could prevent weight gain in Wistar rats when given orally and the weight gain in Garcinia-treated animals was almost 4 times less (7.31%), as against weight gain of 25.36% seen in vehicle control animals. The antibiotic susceptibility data indicated that the isolated bacterium is resistant to many antibiotics with a strong susceptibility to te

关键词： Garcinia cambogia Hydroxy Citric Acid Picrorhiza kurroa Liver Health ATP Citrate Lyase

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Determining the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of Bacteriophages: Potential Advantages

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Advances in Microbiology 2013年第2期3卷 181-190页

作者： Aradhana Vipra Srividya Narayanamurthy Desai Raghu Patil Junjappa Panchali Roy Nethravathi Poonacha Pallavi Ravinder Bharathi sriram sriram padmanabhan Microbiology Team Gangagen Biotechnologies Pvt. Ltd. Raghavendra layout Opp. MEI Ltd. Bangalore India

The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is the concentration at which an antibacterial agent experiences the complete inhibition of organism growth. Bacteriophages represent a rich and unique resource of anti-infectives to counter the growing world-wide problem of antibiotic resistance. In this study, we compared the host range of lytic bacteriophages and temperate phagesbelonging to various genera, namely Staphylococcus, E. coli and Salmonella, with a range of clinical isolates using two methods: the classical agar overlay method and a newly developed MIC method. MIC was only observed with isolates that were susceptible to phage infection, which correlated with the agar overlay assay, whereas no MIC was detected with isolates that were resistant to phage infection. The simple MIC method was useful in determining phage adsorption and host range, and detecting possible prophage contamination in phage preparations. Interestingly, this method was also applicable to strain differentiation through phage susceptibility testing using a 96-well, high throughput format that proved to be easy, cost-effective, fast and reliable.

关键词： Bacteriophage K MIC Phage 44AHJD Phage P954 Staphylococcus aureus Temperate Phage

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Therapeutic Potential of Staphylococcal Bacteriophages for Nasal Decolonization of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>in Mice

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Advances in Microbiology 2013年第1期3卷 52-60页

作者： Madhavi H. Narasimhaiah Jiya Y. Asrani Sundaram M. Palaniswamy Jagadeesh Bhat Shilpa E. George Rajamuthu Srinivasan Aradhana Vipra Srividya N. Desai Raghu Patil Junjappa Panchali Roy Bharathi sriram sriram padmanabhan Gangagen Biotechnologies Pvt. Ltd. Raghavendra Layout Bangalore India

Bacteriophages represent a rich and unique resource of anti-infectives to counter the global problem of antibiotic resis- tance. In this work, we assessed the bactericidal activity of two virulent staphylococcal phages, K and 44AHJD, against S. aureus isolates of clinical significance, and tested their efficacy in vivo. The phage cocktail lysed >85% of the clinical isolates tested. Both the phages were purified by ion-exchange column chromatography following propagation in bioreactors. The purity profiles of the ion-exchange purified phages were compared with those of phages purified using cesium chloride density gradient ultracentrifugation, and infectiousness of the purified phages was confirmed by plaque forming assay. The in vivo efficacy of a phage cocktail was evaluated in an experimental murine nasal colonization model, which showed that the phage cocktail was efficacious. To our knowledge, this is the first report of phage use in an in vivo model of nasal carriage.

关键词： Bacteriophage K Nasal Decolonization Phage 44AHJD Phage Endotoxins Phage Purification Staphylococcus aureus

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