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Biomechanics of knee joint-- A review

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Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2015年第2期10卷 176-186页

作者： Bhaskar Kumar MADETI srinivasa rao chalamalasetti S. K. Sundara siva rao BOLLA PRAGADA Department of Mechanical Engineering Gayatri Vidya Parishad Collegeof Engineering Visakhapatnam 530048 India Department of Mechanical Engineering AU College of EngineeringAndhra University Visakhapatnam 530003 India

The present paper is to know how the work is carried out in the field of biomechanics of knee. Various model formulations are discussed and further classified into mathematical model, two-dimensional model and three-dimensional model. Knee geometry is a crucial part of human body movement, in which how various views of knee is shown in different planes and how the forces act on tibia and femur are studied. It leads to know the forces acting on the knee joint. Experimental studies of knee geometry and forces acting on knee shown by various researchers have been discussed, and comparisons of results are made. In addition, static and dynamic analysis of knee has been also discussed respectively to some extent.

关键词： biomechanics knee geometry ligaments squat femorotibial joint finite element method

Effect of pulsed current micro plasma arc welding process parameters on fusion zone grain size and ultimate tensile strength of Inconel 625 sheets

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2012年第3期25卷 179-189页

作者： Kondapalli Siva Prasad chalamalasetti srinivasa rao Damera Nageswara rao Department of Mechanical Engineering Anil Neerukonda Institute of Technology & SciencesVisakha- patnam India Department of Mechanical Engineering AU College of Engineering Andhra UniversityVisakhapat- nam India Centurion University of Technology & Management Odisha India

The paper focuses on developing mathematical models to predict grain size and ul- timate tensile strength of pulsed current micro plasma arc welded Inconel 625 nickel alloy. Four factors, five levels, central composite rotatable design matrix is used to op- timize the number of experiments. The mathematical models have been developed by response surface method. The adequacy of the models is checked by analysis of vari- ance technique. By using the developed mathematical models, grain size and ultimate tensile strength of the joints can be predicted with 99% confidence level. Contour plots are drawn to study the interaction effect of pulsed current micro plasma arc welding parameters on fusion zone grain size and ultimate tensile strength of Inconel 625 weld joints.

关键词： Pulsed current Micro plasma arc welding ANOYA Response surface method: Inconel 625

Study on Effect of Welding Speed on Micro Structure and Mechanical Properties of Pulsed Current Micro Plasma Arc Welded Inconel 625 Sheets

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Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering 2012年第10期11卷 1027-1033页

作者： chalamalasetti srinivasa rao Kondapalli Siva Prasad Damera Nageswara rao Department of Mechanical Engineering Anil Neerukonda Institute of Technology & Sciences Visakhapatnam India Department of Mechanical Engineering AU College of Engineering Andhra University Visakhapatnam India Vice Chancellor Centurion University of Technology & Management Odisha India

Nickel alloys had gathered wide acceptance in the fabrication of components which require high temperature resistance and corrosion resistance, such as metallic bellows used in expansion joints used in aircraft, aerospace and petroleum industry. Micro Plasma Arc Welding (MPAW) is one of the important arc welding processes commonly using in fabric- cation of Nickel alloys. In the present paper welding of Inconel 625 sheets using pulsed current micro plasma arc weld- ing was discussed. The paper mainly focuses on studying the weld quality characteristics like weld pool geometry pa- rameters, microstructure, grain size, hardness and tensile properties of Pulsed Current Micro Plasma Arc Welded In- conel 625 sheets at different welding speeds. Results reveals that at a welding speed of 260 mm/minute better weld quality characteristics can be obtained.

关键词： Pulsed Current Micro Plasma Arc Welding Inconel 625 Grain Size Hardness Tensile Properties

Application of Hooke &Jeeves Algorithm in Optimizing Fusion Zone Grain Size and Hardness of Pulsed Current Micro Plasma Arc Welded AISI 304L Sheets

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Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering 2012年第9期11卷 869-875页

作者： Kondapalli Siva Prasad chalamalasetti srinivasa rao Damera Nageswara rao Associate Professor Department of Mechanical Engineering Andhra University Visakhapatnam INDIA Department of Mechanical Engineering Anil Neerukonda Institute of Technology & Sciences Visakhapatnam INDIA Vice Chancellor Centurion University of Technology & Management Odisha INDIA

AISI 304L is an austenitic Chromium-Nickel stainless steel offering the optimum combination of corrosion resistance, strength and ductility. These attributes make it a favorite for many mechanical components. The paper focuses on developing mathematical models to predict grain size and hardness of pulsed current micro plasma arc welded AISI 304L joints. Four factors, five level, central composite rotatable design matrix is used to optimize the number of experiments. The mathematical models have been developed by Response Surface Method (RSM) and its adequacy is checked by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) technique. By using the developed mathematical models, grain size and hardness of the weld joints can be predicted with 99% confidence level. The developed mathematical models have been optimized using Hooke and Jeeves algorithm to minimize grain size and maximize the hardness.

关键词： Pulsed Current Micro Plasma Arc Welding AISI 304L Grain Size Hardness Hooke & Jeeves Algorithm

Study on Factors Effecting Weld Pool Geometry of Pulsed Current Micro Plasma Arc Welded AISI 304L Austenitic Stainless Steel Sheets Using Statistical Approach

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Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering 2012年第8期11卷 790-799页

作者： Kondapalli Siva Prasad chalamalasetti srinivasa rao Damera Nageswara rao Centurion University of Technology & Management Odissa INDIA Department of Mechanical Engineering Andhra University Visakhapatnam INDIA Department of Mechanical Engineering Anil Neerukonda Institute of Technology & Sciences Visakhapatnam INDIA

Pulsed current Micro Plasma Arc Welding is used to joint thin sheets of AISI 304L sheets, which are used in manufacturing of metallic bellows and diaphragms. In this article the effects of pulsing current parameters on weld pool geometry namely front width, back width, front height and back height of pulsed current micro plasma arc welded AISI 304L stainless steel sheets was analyzed. Four factors, five levels, central composite design was used to develop mathematical models, incorporating pulsed current parameters and weld pool geometry. The mathematical models have been developed by Response Surface Method. The adequacy of the models was checked by ANOVA technique. Variation of output responses with input process variables are discussed. By using the developed mathematical models, weld pool geometry parameters can be predicted.

关键词： Pulsed Current Micro Plasma Arc Welding Mathematical Model Aisi 304l Stainless Steel Weld Pool Geometry ANOVA