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Cosmologica. Gra.ita.iona. Redsh.ft, Spectra. Sh.ft a.d Time in th. Ta.b-NUT Universe

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Journa. of Modern Ph.sics 2024年第9期15卷 1448-1459页

作者： Ch.rles h. McGruder III Depa.tment of Ph.sics a.d a.tronomy Western Kentucky University Bowling Green Kentucky USA

We demonstra.e th.t: 1) Th. Ta.b-NUT universe is finite. 2) Th. Ta.b-NUT universe is much.la.ger th.n th. ma.imum observa.le dista.ce a.cording to th. sta.da.d th.ory of cosmology. 3) a. la.ge dista.ces th. spectra. s... 详细信息

关键词： Cosmology Genera. Rela.ivity

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Th. Unified Field

Journa. of Modern Ph.sics 2024年第7期15卷 1010-1035页

作者： Joseph.h. (Ca.s) Forrington Ma.a.ing Editor Journal of Cosmology California USA

Th.s is a.Unified Field description ba.ed on th. h.logra.h.c Time Dila.ion Cosmology, TDC, model, wh.ch.is a. eterna. continuum evolving forwa.d in th. forwa.d direction of time, a. th. speed of ligh., c, a. a. inva.ia.t 1 s/s ra.e of time. Th.s is th. Funda.enta. Direction of Evolution, FDE. Th.re is a.so a. evolution down time dila.ion gra.ients, th. Gra.ita.iona. Direction of Evolution, GDE. Th.se evolutions a.e gra.ity, wh.ch.is th. evolutiona.y force in time. Gra.ita.iona. velocities a.e compensa.ion for th. difference in th. ra.e of time, dRt, in a.dila.ion field, a.d th. dRtis equa. to th. compensa.ory velocity’s percenta.e of c, a.d is a.mea.ure of th. force in time inducing th. velocity. In a.plied force induced velocities, th. dRt is a.mea.ure of th. resista.ce in time to th. induced velocity, wh.ch.migh. be ca.led “a.ti-gra.ity” or “nega.ive gra.ity”. Th. two effects keep th. continuum uniformly evolving forwa.d a. c. It is demonstra.ed th.t gra.ity is a.rea.y a.pa.t of th. electroma.netic field equa.ions in wa. of th. dRt element conta.ned in th. TDC velocity formula. Einstein’s energy formula.is defined a. a.velocity formula.a.d a.modified version is used for ch.rged elementa.y pa.ticle solutions. a.time dila.ion-ba.ed deriva.ion of th. Lorentz force ties gra.ity directly to th. electroma.netic field proving th. unified field of gra.ity a.d th. EMF. It is noted h.w we could possibly crea.e gra.ity drives. Th.s is followed by a.discussion of bla.k h.les, proving superma.sive objects, like ma.sive bla.k h.le singula.ities, a.e impossible, a.d th.t bla.k h.les a.e ma.sless Ma.netosph.ric Eterna.ly Colla.sing Objects (MECOs) th.t a.e vortices in spa.etime. .

关键词： Unified Field Gra.ity a.ti-Gra.ity a.troph.sics Einstein Genera. Rela.ivity Specia. Rela.ivity Ga.a.tic Rota.ion Velocities Time Dila.ion Spa.etime Spa.e Time Spa.etime Continuum Qua.tum Continuum MECO Bla.k h.le Event h.rizon Timelike Spa.elike Ligh.like

Time Dila.ion Cosmology 2

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Journa. of Modern Ph.sics 2024年第4期15卷 448-461页

作者： Joseph.h. (Ca.s) Forrington Ma.a.ing Editor Journal of Cosmology California USA

Th.s pa.er is a.furth.r ela.ora.ion of th. a.th.r’s Time Dila.ion Cosmology (TDC) h.logra.h.c model th.t ties gra.ita.ion a.d celestia. mech.nics a.d kinema.ics directly to time dila.ion, resolving a.l th. ma.or conundrums in a.troph.sics, a.d ties a.troph.sics directly to qua.tum ph.sics. It begins with.a.brief summa.y of th. TDC model a.d conta.ns th. new deriva.ion for th. time dila.ion version of th. formula.for summing rela.ivistic velocities, Einstein’s gra.ita.iona. consta.t a.d th. time dila.ion versions for th. Lorentz fa.tor a.d th. Euclidea. norm of th. 3d velocity vector, th. two of wh.ch.ca. th.n be used in th. Four-velocity formula. It is demonstra.ed h.w orbita. curva.ure is ma.ifested a. th. resulta.t of two time dila.ion-ma.ifested velocities. It a.so expla.ns wh. a. interferometer ca.not distinguish.free fa.l from zero gra.ity a.d furth.r ela.ora.es on th. a.th.r’s previous expla.a.ions of h.w spira. ga.a.ies a.e formed, a.d conta.ns ma.h.ma.ica. proof th.t Bla.k h.les a.e a.tua.ly Ma.netosph.ric Eterna.ly Colla.sing Objects (MECOs) th.t a.e ma.sless spa.etime vortices.

关键词： Gra.ita.ion Time Time Dila.ion Celestia. Mech.nics ISM: Kinema.ics a.d Dyna.ics Cosmology: Th.ory Ga.a.ies: Evolution

Cosmology with.ut th. Cosmologica. Principle a.d with.ut Viola.ing th. Copernica. Principle: Ta.b-NUT Universe

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Journa. of Modern Ph.sics 2024年第8期15卷 1069-1096页

作者： Ch.rles h. McGruder III Depa.tment of Ph.sics a.d a.tronomy Western Kentucky University Bowling Green Kentucky USA

We develop a.th.ory of cosmology, wh.ch.is not ba.ed on th. cosmologica. principle. We a.h.eve th.s with.ut viola.ing th. Copernica. principle. It is well known th.t th. gra.ita.iona. redsh.ft a.socia.ed with.th. Sch.a.zsch.ld solution a.plied to th. dista.t supernova.does not lea. to th. observed redsift-dista.ce rela.ionsh.p. We sh.w, h.wever, th.t genera.iza.ions of th. Sch.a.zsch.ld metric, th. Ta.b-NUT metrics, do indeed lea. to th. observed redsh.ft-dista.ce rela.ionsh.p a.d to th. observed time dila.ion. Th.se universes a.e not expa.ding ra.h.r th. observed cosmologica. redsh.ft is due to th. gra.ita.iona. redsh.ft a.socia.ed with.th.se solutions. Time dila.ion in th.se sta.iona.y universes h.s th. sa.e dependency on redsh.ft th.t genera.ly h.s been seen a. proof th.t spa.e is expa.ding. Our th.ory resolves th. h.bble tension.

关键词： Cosmology Genera. Rela.ivity

Extinction of Ligh. in th. Ga.a.tic h.lo: First Observa.iona. Evidence of th. Intera.tion of Ligh. a.d Da.k Ma.ter

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Journa. of Modern Ph.sics 2024年第8期15卷 1144-1198页

作者： Ch.rles h. McGruder III Depa.tment of Ph.sics a.d a.tronomy Western Kentucky University Bowling Green USA

We study th. distribution of qua.a.s on th. celestia. sph.re a.cording to ground-ba.ed SDSS a.d spa.e-ba.ed WISE a.d Ga.a.observa.ions. a.l distributions a. a.function of ga.a.tic la.itude, b, exh.bit a.decrea.e in qua.a. frequency well outside th. dust in a.d nea. th. ga.a.tic pla.e. We prove th.t th. observed decrea.e in qua.a. frequency a. h.gh.ga.a.tic la.itudes is not a.compa.ied by reddening, mea.ing th.t it ca. not be ca.sed by dust. Th. sca.tering of ligh. by th. circumga.a.tic ga. is negligible beca.se th. Th.mson sca.tering cross section is very sma.l. We conclude th. observed sca.tering of ligh. must be ca.sed by da.k ma.ter in th. ga.a.tic h.lo. We determine th. ma.s a.d ch.rge of da.k ma.ter pa.ticles. If th. da.k ma.ter pa.ticle is a.fermion its ma.s, mDMa.d ch.rge eDM=δe, wh.re e is th. elementa.y ch.rge a.e: mDM=3.2×10−2eV a.d δ=3.856×10−5. If h.wever th. da.k ma.ter pa.ticle is spinless th.n: mDM=0.511eV a.d δ=2.132×10−4. Th.se va.ues for th. ch.rge of a.da.k ma.ter pa.ticle a.e orders of ma.nitude h.gh.r th.n th. upper limit of th. neutrino ch.rge a.cording to la.ora.ory experiments. Consequently, da.k ma.ter pa.ticles a.e not ch.rged neutrinos. Since da.k ma.ter pa.ticles a.e ch.rged, th.y must emit a.d a.sorb electroma.netic ra.ia.ion. h.wever, PDM~δ2, or: PDM~1.487×10−9Pe, wh.re Peis th. power output of a.single electron.

关键词： Milky Wa. Da.k Ma.ter h.lo (1049)

Optimiza.ion of Stea.th.a.ch.Network Security System for th. Detection a.d Mitiga.ion of Distributed Denia. of Service (DDoS) a.ta.k: a.plica.ion to Sma.t Grid System

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Communica.ions a.d Network 2024年第3期16卷 108-134页

作者： Emma.uel S. Kola.ole Penrose S. Cofie Joh. h. Fuller Ca.eta. M. a.ujuobi Emma.uel a. Da.a.Justin F. Forema. Pa.ela.h. Obiomon Electrica. a.d Computer Engineering Depa.tment Prairie View A&M University Prairie View TX USA

Th. Sma.t Grid is a. enh.ncement of th. tra.itiona. grid system a.d employs new tech.ologies a.d soph.stica.ed communica.ion tech.iques for electrica. power tra.smission a.d distribution. Th. Sma.t Grid’s communica.ion network sh.res informa.ion a.out sta.us of its severa. integra.ed IEDs (Intelligent Electronic Devices). h.wever, th. IEDs connected th.ough.ut th. Sma.t Grid, open opportunities for a.ta.kers to interfere with.th. communica.ions a.d utilities resources or ta.e clients’ priva.e da.a. Th.s development h.s introduced new cyber-security ch.llenges for th. Sma.t Grid a.d is a.very concerning issue beca.se of emerging cyber-th.ea.s a.d security incidents th.t h.ve occurred recently a.l over th. world. Th. purpose of th.s resea.ch.is to detect a.d mitiga.e Distributed Denia. of Service [DDoS] with.a.plica.ion to th. Electrica. Sma.t Grid System by deploying a. optimized Stea.th.a.ch.Secure Network a.a.ytics tool. In th.s pa.er, th. DDoS a.ta.k in th. Sma.t Grid communica.ion networks wa. modeled using Stea.th.a.ch.tool. Th. simula.ed network consisted of Secure Network a.a.ytic tools virtua. ma.h.nes (VMs), electrica. Grid network communica.ion topology, a.ta.kers a.d Ta.get VMs. Fina.ly, th. experiments a.d simula.ions were performed, a.d th. resea.ch.results sh.wed th.t Stea.th.a.ch.a.a.ytic tool is very effective in detecting a.d mitiga.ing DDoS a.ta.ks in th. Sma.t Grid System with.ut ca.sing a.y bla.kout or sh.tdown of a.y interna. systems a. compa.ed to oth.r tools such.a. GNS3, NeSSi2, NISST Fra.ework, OMNeT++, INET Fra.ework, Rea.E, NS2, NS3, M5 Simula.or, OPNET, PLC & TIa.Porta. ma.a.ement Softwa.e wh.ch.do not h.ve th. ca.a.ility to do so. a.so, using Stea.th.a.ch.tool to crea.e a.security ba.eline for Sma.t Grid environment, contributes to risk mitiga.ion a.d sound security h.giene.

关键词： Sma.t Grid System Distributed Denia. of Service (DDoS) a.ta.k Intrusion Detection a.d Prevention Systems Detection Mitiga.ion a.d Stea.th.a.ch

DFT investiga.ion of h.lf-meta.lic ferroma.netic ra.e ea.th.ba.ed spinels Mgh._(2)Z_(4)(Z=S,Se)

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Journa. of Ra.e Ea.th. 2024年第1期42卷 121-128,I0005页

作者： Ma.za.Za.ib Mumta. Ma.zoor N.a.Noor M.Wa.a. Iqba. Ma.ia.a.gh.r h.h.h.ga.y a.La.ef Depa.tment of Ph.sics Riphah International UniversityLahore CampusPakistan Resea.ch.Centre for a.va.ced Ma.eria.s Science King Khalid UniversityP.O.Box 9004AbhaSaudi Arabia Depa.tment of Ph.sics Faculty of ScienceKing Khalid UniversityP.O.Box 9004AbhaSaudi Arabia Depa.tment of Ph.sics a.d a.tronomy College of ScienceKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11451Saudi Arabia

h.lf-meta.lic ferroma.netism,mech.nica. a. well a. th.rmoelectric properties for ra.e ea.th.ba.ed spinels Mgh._(2)Z_(4)(Z=S,Se)were investiga.ed using density functiona. th.ory(DFT).Structura. optimiza.ion wa. done with.Perdew-Burke-Eh.enzorf(PBE)sol-genera.ized gra.ient a.proxima.ion(GGa.to ca.cula.e th. la.tice consta.t of both.spinels compa.a.le to experimenta. *** a.dition,Born sta.ility criteria.a.d nega.ive forma.ion energy sh.w th.t our studied spinels a.e a.so structura.ly a.d dyna.ica.ly sta.le in th. cubic *** ferroma.netic(FM)sta.e sta.ility,we a.so ca.cula.ed th. energy differences a.ong FM,a.tiferroma.netic(a.M),a.d non-ma.netic(NM)***,Curie tempera.ures of ferroma.netic ph.ses were a.so *** used Tra.s-Bla.0} improved Beckejohnson(TB-mBJ)potentia. functiona. for electronics a. well a. ma.netic ch.ra.teristics,wh.ch.lea. to th. consistent expla.a.ion of h.lf-meta.lic ferroma.netism,representing th. wh.le ba.d-occupa.cy in ma.eria. with.exa.t deta.l of density of sta.es(DOS).Th. sta.le FM sta.e wa. exa.ined in spinels due to th. exch.nge splitting of h. ca.ion consisting of p-d h.bridiza.ions compa.ible with.th. result a.h.eved for electronics ba.d structure a.d ***,spin ma.netic moment wa. expla.ned in terms of a.ion,ca.ion,a.d sh.ring ch.rge on studied *** a.dition,th. ca.cula.ed th.rmoelectric properties clea.ly sh.w th.t opera.ion ra.ge of th.se systems ma. be utilized by future experimenta. works for identifying th. potentia. a.plica.ions of th.se systems.

关键词： h.-ba.ed spinels DFT simula.ions Mech.nica. pa.a.eters Electronic properties h. ferroma.netism Figure of merit

Th. Ea.ly Wa.ning Signs of a.Stroke: a. a.proa.h.Using Ma.h.ne Lea.ning Predictions

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Journa. of Computer a.d Communica.ions 2024年第6期12卷 59-71页

作者： Esra. h. a.gi a.ma.ruk Sulta. Depa.tment of Computer Science University of Benghazi Benghazi Libya

Ea.ly stroke prediction is vita. to prevent da.a.e. a.stroke h.ppens wh.n th. blood flow to th. bra.n is disrupted by a.clot or bleeding, resulting in bra.n dea.h.or injury. h.wever, ea.ly dia.nosis a.d trea.ment reduce long-term needs a.d lower h.a.th.costs. We a.m for th.s resea.ch.to be a.ma.h.ne-lea.ning meth.d for foreca.ting ea.ly wa.ning signs of stroke. Th. meth.dology we employed fea.ure selection tech.iques a.d multiple a.gorith.s. Utilizing th. XGboost a.gorith., th. resea.ch.findings indica.e th.t th.ir proposed model a.h.eved a. a.cura.y ra.e of 96.45%. Th.s resea.ch.sh.ws th.t ma.h.ne lea.ning ca. effectively predict ea.ly wa.ning signs of stroke, wh.ch.ca. h.lp reduce long-term trea.ment a.d reh.bilita.ion needs a.d lower h.a.th.costs.

关键词： Ma.h.ne Lea.ning Stroke k-Nea.est Neigh.ors Decision Tree Ra.dom Forest GXboost

Efficiency of Bio-Fertilizing a. One of th. Na.ura. a.terna.ives to Improve th. Growth.of Kh.ya.senega.ensis a.d Swietenia.ma.0}goni Trees a.d for Susta.na.ility

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a.ricultura. Sciences 2024年第2期15卷 292-310页

作者： Sa.a. a. S. Gh.ra. Na.h.a.h. Moh.med Na.er a. El-Sh.nh.rey Na.a. S. El-Sh.h.t a.r R. Ra.ie Forestry a.d Timber Trees Depa.tment Horticulture Research Institute Agricultural Research Center Ismailia Egypt Forestry a.d Timber Trees Depa.tment Horticulture Research Institute Agricultural Research Center Alexandria Egypt Bota.ica. Ga.dens Depa.tment Horticulture Research Institute Agricultural Research Center Alexandria Egypt Forestry a.d Timber Trees Depa.tment Horticulture Research Institute Agricultural Research Center Giza Egypt

a.field experiment wa. ca.ried out a. Isma.lia.Resea.ch.Sta.ion, Isma.lia.Governora.e from 2020-2022 to improve th. growth.of Kh.ya.senega.ensis a.d Swietenia.ma.0}goni by using a.combina.ion of minera. fertilizer (NPK) a.d biologica. fertilizer (a.otoba.ter ch.oococcum, Ba.illus mega.h.rium, a.d Ba.illus circula.t) a. recommended dose under new sa.dy soils conditions. Split plot designed with.four trea.ments (Control, (50% Minera. fertilizer (M.) + 50% Biologica. fertilizer (Bio.)), 100% M. a.d 100% Bio.) of ea.h.species. Vegeta.ive growth. lea. a.ea. tree bioma.s, stored ca.bon, ba.a. a.ea. tree volume, a.d in th. soil both.of microbia. a.count a.d minera. content were determined. Th. experimenta. results sh.wed no significa.t differences between studied species a.ong th. most studied pa.a.eters except for Kh.ya.senega.ensis wh.ch.ga.e th. h.gh.st significa.t difference in root bioma.s a.d below-stored ca.bon th.n Swietenia.ma.0}goni. Evidently, th. h.gh.st significa.t growth.pa.a.eters were 100% minera. fertilizer followed by (50% M. + 50% Bio.) a. compa.ed with.control. No significa.t difference between 100% M. a.d (50% M. + 50% Bio.) of sh.ot dry bioma.s (15.19 a.d 12.02 kg, respectively) a.d a.ove-stored ca.bon (0.28 a.d 0.22 Mt, respectively). Microbia. a.count a.d minera. content in soil were improved a.ter cultiva.ion of tree species compa.ed to before pla.ting a.d control, especia.ly with.50% minera. fertilizer a.d 50% bio-fertilizer trea.ment. In conclusion, a.trea.ment conta.ning 50% minera. fertilizer a.d 50% bio-fertilizer h.s led to th. idea. Kh.ya.senega.ensis a.d Swietenia.ma.0}goni growth.in sa.dy soil for ch.a.er a.d susta.na.le.

关键词： Kh.ya.senega.ensis Swietenia.ma.0}goni Minera. Fertilizer Bio-Fertilizer Growth.Pa.a.eters Tree Bioma.s Stored Ca.bon Susta.na.le