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Preimplantation genetic testing for embryos predisposed to hereditary cancer:Possibilities and challenges

Cancer Pathogenesis and Therapy 2024年第1期2卷 1-14页

作者： Mohammed H.Albujja Maher Al-Ghedan lakshmidevi Dakshnamoorthy Josep Pla Victori Department of Forensic Sciences Naif Arab University for Security SciencesRiyadh 11452Saudi Arabia Genetics Laboratory Thuriah Medical CenterRiyadh 11523Saudi Arabia Department of Genetic Counselling VI-RMA GlobalValencia 46004Spain

Preimplantation genetic testing(PGT),which was developed as an alternative to prenatal genetic testing,allows couples to avoid pregnancies with abnormal chromosomes and the subsequent termination of the affected *** used for early onset monogenic conditions,PGT is now used to prevent various types of inherited cancer conditions based on the development of PGT technology,assisted reproductive techniques(ARTs),and in vitro fertilization(IVF).This review provides insights into the potential benefits and challenges associated with the application of PGT for hereditary cancer and provides an overview of the existing literature on this test,with a particular focus on the current challenges related to laws,ethics,counseling,and ***,this review predicts the future potential applications of this *** PGT may be utilized to predict and prevent hereditary cancer,each case should be comprehensively *** motives of couples must be assessed to prevent the misuse of this technique for eugenic purposes,and non-pathogenic phenotypes must be carefully *** cases that require this technology should also be carefully considered based on legal and ethical *** may be the preferred treatment for hereditary cancer cases;however,such cases require careful case-by-case ***,this study concludes that multidisciplinary counseling and support for patients and their families are essential to ensure that PGT is a viable option that meets all legal and ethical concerns.

关键词： Preimplantation genetic testing Hereditary cancer Late-onset diseases Ethics Legal restrictions

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Role of fecal microbiota transplant in management of hepatic encephalopathy: Current trends and future directions

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World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第1期16卷 17-32页

作者： Yash R Shah Hassam Ali Angad Tiwari David Guevara-Lazo Natalia Nombera-Aznaran Bhanu Siva Mohan Pinnam Manesh Kumar Gangwani Harishankar Gopakumar Amir H Sohail sr.lakshmidevi kanumilli Ernesto Calderon-Martinez Geetha Krishnamoorthy Nimish Thakral Dushyant Singh Dahiya Department of Internal Medicine Trinity Health Oakland/Wayne State UniversityPontiacMI 48341United States Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology East Carolina University/Brody School of MedicineGreenvilleNC 27858United States Department of Internal Medicine Maharani Laxmi Bai Medical CollegeJhansi 284001India Faculty of Medicine Universidad Peruana Cayetano HerediaLima 15102Peru Department of Internal Medicine John H.Stroger Hospital of Cook CountyChicagoIL 60612United States Department of Internal Medicine The University of ToledoToledoOH 43606United States Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of Illinois College of Medicine at PeoriaPeoriaIL 61605United States Department of Surgery University of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNM 87106United States Department of Internal Medicine GSL Medical CollegeRajamahendravaram 533296India Department of Internal Medicine Universidad Nacional Autonoma de MexicoCiudad De Mexico 04510Mexico Department of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition University of KentuckyLexingtonKY 40536United States Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology&MotilityThe University of Kansas School of MedicineKansas CityKS 66160United States

Fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)offers a potential treatment avenue for hepatic encephalopathy(HE)by leveraging beneficial bacterial displacement to restore a balanced gut *** prevalence of HE varies with liver disease severity and *** pathogenesis involves ammonia toxicity,gut-brain communication disruption,and *** aims to restore gut microbiota balance,addressing these ***'s efficacy has been explored in various conditions,including *** suggest that FMT can modulate gut microbiota,reduce ammonia levels,and alleviate *** has shown promise in alcohol-associated,hepatitis B and C-associated,and non-alcoholic fatty liver *** include improved liver function,cognitive function,and the slowing of disease ***,larger,controlled studies are needed to validate its effectiveness in these *** have shown cognitive improvements through FMT,with potential benefits in cirrhotic ***,trials have demonstrated reduced serious adverse events and cognitive enhancements in FMT arms compared to the standard of *** evidence is promising,challenges remain:Limited patient numbers,varied dosages,administration routes,and donor *** large-scale,controlled trials are essential to establish standardized guidelines and ensure FMT's clinical applications and *** FMT holds potential for HE management,ongoing research is needed to address these challenges,optimize protocols,and expand its availability as a therapeutic option for diverse hepatic conditions.

关键词： Hepatic encephalopathy Fecal microbiota transplant Cognitive impairment Liver cirrhosis Chronic liver disease

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Mathematical Modeling of the Co-Infection Dynamics of HIV and Tuberculosis Incorporating Inconsistency in HIV Treatment

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2024年第5期12卷 1744-1768页

作者： sr Mary Nyambura Mwangi Virginia M. Kitetu Isaac O. Okwany Department of Mathematics and Actuarial Science Catholic University of Eastern Africa Nairobi Kenya

A non-linear HIV-TB co-infection has been formulated and analyzed. The positivity and invariant region has been established. The disease free equilibrium and its stability has been determined. The local stability was determined and found to be stable under given conditions. The basic reproduction number was obtained and according to findings, co-infection diminishes when this number is less than unity, and persists when the number is greater than unity. The global stability of the endemic equilibrium was calculated. The impact of HIV on TB was established as well as the impact of TB on HIV. Numerical solution was also done and the findings indicate that when the rate of HIV treatment increases the latent TB increases while the co-infected population decreases. When the rate of HIV treatment decreases the latent TB population decreases and the co-infected population increases. Encouraging communities to prioritize the consistent treatment of HIV infected individuals must be emphasized in order to reduce the scourge of HIV-TB co-infection.

关键词： Co-Infection Modeling HIV-TB Co-Infection Mathematical Modeling Reproduction Number Inconsistent Treatment

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Mathematical Modeling of HIV Investigating the Effect of Inconsistent Treatment

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2024年第4期12卷 1063-1078页

作者： sr Mary Nyambura Mwangi Virginia M. Kitetu Isaac O. Okwany Department of Mathematics and Actuarial Science Catholic University of Eastern Africa Nairobi Kenya

HIV is a retrovirus that infects and impairs the cells and functions of the immune system. It has caused a great challenge to global public health systems and leads to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), if not attended to in good time. Antiretroviral therapy is used for managing the virus in a patient’s lifetime. Some of the symptoms of the disease include lean body mass and many opportunistic infections. This study has developed a SIAT mathematical model to investigate the impact of inconsistency in treatment of the disease. The arising non-linear differential equations have been obtained and analyzed. The DFE and its stability have been obtained and the study found that it is locally asymptotically stable when the basic reproduction number is less than unity. The endemic equilibrium has been obtained and found to be globally asymptotically stable when the basic reproduction number is greater than unity. Numerical solutions have been obtained and analyzed to give the trends in the spread dynamics. The inconsistency in treatment uptake has been analyzed through the numerical solutions. The study found that when the treatment rate of those infected increases, it leads to an increase in treatment population, which slows down the spread of HIV and vice versa. An increase in the rate of treatment of those with AIDS leads to a decrease in the AIDS population, the reverse happens when this rate decreases. The study recommends that the community involvement in advocating for consistent treatment of HIV to curb the spread of the disease.

关键词： HIV Modeling Mathematical Modeling Reproduction Number Inconsistent Treatment

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《美国儿童鼓膜置管临床实践指南概要(更新版)》摘译

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听力学及言语疾病杂志 2024年第1期32卷 89-91页

作者：韩继波(译) 曹永茂(审校) 武汉大学人民医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科武汉430060

鼓膜置管主要用于治疗持续的中耳积液、反复的中耳感染、或者中耳感染药物不能控制的患儿。儿童鼓膜置管临床指南(2022)概要是对2013年美国耳鼻咽喉头颈外科学会“儿童鼓膜置管临床指南”的更新,是对近十年来新的临床研究和循证医学证... 详细信息

鼓膜置管主要用于治疗持续的中耳积液、反复的中耳感染、或者中耳感染药物不能控制的患儿。儿童鼓膜置管临床指南(2022)概要是对2013年美国耳鼻咽喉头颈外科学会“儿童鼓膜置管临床指南”的更新,是对近十年来新的临床研究和循证医学证据的进一步总结。

关键词：耳鼻咽喉头颈外科学鼓膜置管临床指南中耳积液临床实践指南循证医学证据更新版概要

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Genetic differentiation in functional traits among wild cherry (Prunus avium L.) half-sib lines

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Journal of Forestry Research 2022年第3期33卷 991-1003页

作者： srđan Stojnić Branislav Kovačević Marko Kebert Verica Vasić Vanja Vuksanović Branislav Trudić Saša Orlović Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment University of Novi SadAntonaČehova 13dNovi Sad21000Serbia Faculty of Agriculture University of Novi SadTrg Dositeja Obradovića 8Novi Sad21000Serbia Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Viale delle Terme di Caracalla00153RomeItaly

Understanding intra-specific variation in leaf functional traits is one of the key requirements for the evaluation of species adaptive capacity to ongoing climate change, as well as for designing long-term breeding and conservation strategies. Hence, data of 19 functional traits describing plant physiology, antioxidant properties, anatomy and morphology were determined on 1-year-old seedlings of wild cherry (Prunus avium L.) half-sib lines. The variability within and among half-sib lines, as well as the estimation of multi-trait association, were examined using analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey's honestly significant difference test and multivariate analyses: principal component analysis (PCA), canonical discriminant analysis (CDA) and stepwise discriminant analysis (SDA). Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to evaluate linear correlation between the study parameters. The results of the ANOVA showed the presence of statistically significant differences (P < 0.01) among half-sib lines for all study traits. The differences within half-sib lines, observed through the contribution of the examined sources of variation to the total variance (%), had higher impact on total variation in the majority of the examined traits. Pearson’s correlation analysis and PCA showed strong relationships between gas exchange in plants and leaf size and stomatal density, as well as between leaf biomass accumulation, intercellular CO_(2) concentration and parameters related to antioxidant capacity of plants. Likewise, the results of SDA indicate that transpiration and stomatal conductance contributed to the largest extent, to the discrimination of the wild cherry half-sib lines. In addition, PCA and CDA showed separation of the wild cherry half-sib lines along the first principal component and first canonical variable with regards to humidity of their original sites. Multiple adaptive differences between the wild cherry half-sib lines indicate high potential of the specie

关键词： Wild cherry Common garden experiment Variability Multivariate statistics Leaf functional traits

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Liver transplant in primary sclerosing cholangitis:Current trends and future directions

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世界肝病学杂志:英文版(电子版) 2023年第8期15卷 939-953页

作者： Yash R Shah Natalia Nombera-Aznaran David Guevara-Lazo Ernesto Calderon-Martinez Angad Tiwari sr.lakshmidevi kanumilli Purva Shah Bhanu Siva Mohan Pinnam Hassam Ali Dushyant Singh Dahiya Department of Internal Medicine Trinity Health OaklandPontiacMI 48341United States Faculty of Medicine Universidad Peruana Cayetano HerediaLima 15102Peru Department of Internal Medicine Universidad Nacional Autonoma de MexicoCiudad De Mexico 04510Mexico Department of Internal Medicine Maharani Laxmi Bai Medical CollegeJhansi 284001India Department of Internal Medicine GSL Medical CollegeRajamahendravaram 533296India Department of Postgraduate Education Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02115United States Department of Internal Medicine John H.Stroger Hospital of Cook CountyChicagoIL 60612United States Department of Internal Medicine East Carolina University/Brody School of MedicineGreenvilleNC 27858United States Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and MotilityThe University of Kansas School of MedicineKansas CityKS 66160United States

Primary sclerosing cholangitis(PSC)is a chronic and progressive immunemediated cholangiopathy causing biliary tree inflammation and scarring,leading to liver cirrhosis and end-stage liver *** of PSC is challenging due to its nonspecific symptoms and overlap with other liver *** the rising incidence of PSC,there is no proven medical therapy that can alter the natural history of the *** liver transplantation(LT)is the most effective approach for managing advanced liver disease caused by PSC,post-transplantation recurrence of PSC remains a ***,ongoing research aims to develop better therapies for PSC,and continued efforts are necessary to improve outcomes for patients with *** article provides an overview of PSC’s pathogenesis,clinical presentation,and management options,including LT trends and future *** also highlights the need for improved therapeutic options and ethical considerations in providing equitable access to LT for patients with ***,the impact of liver transplant on the quality of life and psychological outcomes of patients with PSC is *** research into PSC’s pathogenesis and post-transplant recurrence is crucial for improved understanding of the disease and more effective treatment options.

关键词： Primary sclerosing cholangitis Liver transplantation Management Psychosocial outcomes Pathogenesis

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Tree ecophysiology in the context of climate change

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Journal of Forestry Research 2023年第1期34卷 1-5页

作者： Yanbo Hu Raul Antonio Sperotto Georgios Koubouris srđan Stojnić Nacer Bellaloui Northeast Forestry University Harbin 150040People’s Republic of China Graduate Program in Biotechnology Life Sciences AreaUniversity of Taquari Valley-UnivatesLajeadoBrazil Graduate Program in Plant Physiology Federal University of PelotasPelotasBrazil Laboratory of Olive Cultivation Institute of Olive TreeSubtropical Crops and ViticultureHellenic Agricultural Organization DIMITRALeoforos Karamanli 16773134 ChaniaCreteGreece Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment University of Novi SadAntonaČehova 13dNovi SadSerbia Crop Genetics Research Unit Agricultural Research ServiceUSDA141 Experiment Station RoadStonevilleMS 38776USA

Forest structure and function strongly depend on and concurrently influence environmental *** performance is generally governed by its genetics and environment;thus,recent hotspots in this field include tree genotype×environment,phenotype×environment,and functional trait×environment *** editorial,review,and 22 original research articles in this Special Issue,"Tree ecophysiology in the context of climate change",highlight ecophysiological phenomena(e.g.,climate hormesis,seed germination,tree mortality),processes(e.g.,tree metabolism,photosynthate allocation,nutrient uptake and transport),indicators(e.g.,carbon sequestration,pollutants),measurements(e.g.,thermal time methods,soil quality indices,vegetation spectral index,and near-infrared leaf reflectance),and modeling(e.g.,climate correlations with tree growth,photo synthetic phenology,hydraulic strategies,OliveCan model)in the context of global climate *** forest-environment interactions from an ecophysiological perspective as climate changes provides insights into species fitness in suboptimal environments,species competition for limited resources,and phylogenetic divergence or convergence of species,and predicting species distributions.

关键词： Tree ecophysiology Climate change Climate hormesis Phenology Thermostability Forest resilience Hydraulics

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THE TEMPERATURE STRESS OF RC CONCRETE COMPONENT INDUCED BY LINEAR EXPENSION COEFFICIENT DIFFERENCE

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Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science) 1999年第1期14卷 58-61页

作者： Wang, sr Mao, T Wuhan Univ Technol Coll Architecture Dept Engn Wuhan 430070 Peoples R China

The temperature stress of reinforced concrete component caused by different linear expension coefficient has been discussed in this paper from the point of view of composite materials, The temperature dress can reach about 22 to 45 percent of the tension strength for the concrete with low grade and high ratio of reinforcement which should be considered seriously.

关键词： reinforced concrete linear expension coefficient stress

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Cementless Buechel-Pappas Resurfacing Total Hip Replacement: A 45-Year Personal Journey to Overcome Wear, Osteolysis, Loosening and Femoral Neck Fractures

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Open Journal of Orthopedics 2023年第10期13卷 435-442页

作者： Frederick F. Buechel sr Rutgers NJ Medical School Newark USA South Mountain Orthopaedic Associates South Orange USA

Background: Resurfacing-type total hip replacement (THR) has been successfully developed over the past 50 years through collaborative efforts between engineers and surgeons. Much of the development was pursued by individuals or groups, each of which participated in adding further refinements to the implants, instruments and surgical procedures, thus minimizing the serious problems of wear, osteolysis, loosening and femoral neck fractures. The purpose of this study is to explore the development process to optimize the resurfacing total hip replacement into its current application. Methods: In the early 1980s, cementless resurfacing implants were developed using “thin shell” technology to minimize bony resection of the acetabulum and femoral head. Femoral components utilized short, non-porous coated, tapered straight stems to reduce shear stresses in the femoral neck to prevent fractures and stress shielding, while mechanically stabilizing and aligning the components. Acetabular components were anatomically designed to be recessed inside bony borders to avoid neck-cup impingement and loosening. Initially, ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) was used as a bearing, but due to high levels of wear and osteolysis, it was replaced by wear-resistant highly crossed-linked polyethylene (HXLPE) in 2008. Results: Use of HXLPE as a bearing material in both Co-Cr-Mo and titanium nitride (TiN) ceramic-coated resurfacing implants has led to excellent patient outcomes for more than 10 years. In clinical studies, 87% of patients with bilateral total hip replacements prefer their resurfacing-type total hip over their stem-type total hip. The author’s own personal resurfacing total hips, now at 8 and 5 years, respectively, provide “normal” function and no radiographic osteolysis. Conclusions: After 45 years of active evaluation, including mechanical design considerations, prosthetic design development, clinical and radiographic analysis of results, as well as availability o

关键词： Resurfacing Total Hip Replacement

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