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利用Picarro测试石笋包裹体水氢、氧同位素的方法

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科学通报 2020年第32期65卷 3626-3634页

作者：田野张海伟宗保云段鹏珍 Hubert B.Vonhof Yuri V.Dublyansky 宁有丰 christoph spotl 蔡演军程海西安交通大学全球环境变化研究院西安710054 Department of Climate Geochemistry Max Planck Institute for ChemistryMainz 55128Germany Institute of Geology University of InnsbruckInnsbruck 6020Austria

基于当前石笋包裹体水提取测试过程中面临的制约条件,本研究设计了用于提取石笋包裹体水的真空装置,将其与水同位素分析仪Picarro L2140-i相连接组成石笋包裹体水氢、氧同位素(δD、δ18O)测试系统.该系统能够快速地提取石笋包裹体中的... 详细信息

基于当前石笋包裹体水提取测试过程中面临的制约条件,本研究设计了用于提取石笋包裹体水的真空装置,将其与水同位素分析仪Picarro L2140-i相连接组成石笋包裹体水氢、氧同位素(δD、δ18O)测试系统.该系统能够快速地提取石笋包裹体中的水,并对其δD和δ18O的值进行测量.包裹体水真空提取装置使用了以高压气缸为驱动的破碎研磨器,具有良好的破碎效果;在120°C真空条件下破碎获得的包裹体水随后被高纯氮气带入到Picarro L2140-i中进行测量分析.为了验证包裹体水测试系统的可靠性和准确性,本研究分别将石笋包裹体水真空提取装置以及Picarro液态水自动进样器与Picarro L2140-i主机连接,对相同的水样品进行了对比测试.两种方法测得的δ18O和δD值在误差范围内接近.使用该系统对东亚季风区石笋样品进行的测试结果显示:石笋包裹体水的δ18O和δD值分布在全球大气降水线附近,表明测试过程中分馏作用较小;包裹体含水量对测试精度有一定影响,对于水汽浓度为2500~50000 ppm(1 ppm=1μL/L)的样品,δ18O、δD的标准差分别为0.5‰、2‰,与同类型系统相当.研究结果表明该系统能如实测量石笋包裹体水的δ18O和δD值,将为利用水-碳酸钙平衡分馏方程重建古温度提供重要的技术支撑.

关键词：石笋包裹体稳定同位素水同位素分析仪(Picarro) 波长扫描光腔衰荡光谱古温度

Interleukin-10 gives exhausted chimeric antigen receptor(CAR)T cells a second breath

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Cancer Communications 2024年第7期44卷 787-790页

作者： christoph Heuser-Loy Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy Division for Functional Immune Cell ModulationRegensburgGermany

Adoptive cell therapy(ACT)represents a major pillar of modern *** or synthetically endowed with the ability to recognize tumor-associated antigens,tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes(TILs)or T cells engineered to transgenically express T cell receptors or chimeric antigen receptors(CARs)are expanded and infused to tumor patients to lyse tumor ***,despite tremendous response rates against liquid tumors,many patients undergo relapses,and treatment outcomes in solid tumors have been disappointing so far[1].The harsh tumor microenvironment,including nutrient deprivation,acidification,hypoxia,and immunosuppressive signals[2,3],in conjunction with persistent antigen stimulation triggers a program of exhaustion in T cells(Figure 1A).Exhausted T cells exhibit reduced cytotoxicity and minimal proliferation potential,physiologically balancing tissue health with control of chronic viral infection or of tumor growth[4,5].Strategies to disengage or rewire the“erroneously”deployed exhaustion program to exploit the full potential of tumor-fighting T cells are highly sought after(Figure 1B).

关键词： Interleukin stimulation Figure

Implementation and validation of a bonded particle model to predict rheological properties of viscoelastic materials

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Particuology 2024年第6期89卷 198-210页

作者： Michael Mascara Arno Mayrhofer Stefan Radl christoph Kloss Institute of Process and Particle Engineering Graz University of TechnologyInffeldgasse 13Graz8010Austria DCS Computing GmbH Industriezeile 35Linz4020Austria

This work focuses on implementing a particle-based method able to characterize viscoelastic materials whose rheological properties,such as storage modulus G′and loss modulus G″,are *** is based on the bonded particle model,with the elastic constitutive relation here substituted with a viscoelastic one to capture time-scale *** Burgers model,vastly used in literature to model viscoelastic systems,is discretized and *** test case used for calibration comprises of a cubic lattice,sheared with a periodic motion,to mimic the effect of a shear *** appropriate filtering of the stress response,the rheological properties are obtained,highlighting the effect of the lattice geometry,as well as the particle size,on the accuracy of the ***,the Burgers parameters are calibrated by analytically fitting the experimental dataset,showing the limitation of the Burgers *** micro-contact parameters are obtained from the macro parameters through appropriate *** completing a frequency sweep,the simulated G′and G″show a relatively large error,around 25%for G’for *** this reason,a more robust model,namely the generalized Maxwell model,has been *** calibration procedure is performed in the same fashion as for the Burgers ***,the tangential micro-contact parameters are scaled *** normal *** scaling parameter,calledα,is calibrated by minimizing the root mean square error between simulation and experimental data,giving errors below 10%in both G′and G″for a large ***,a full ring plate-plate rheometer setup is simulated,and the simulation is compared with the given experimental dataset,again finding a good agreement.

关键词： DEM Rheology Numerical modeling Viscoelasticity

Spatial impact of digital finance on carbon productivity

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Geoscience Frontiers 2024年第3期15卷 358-372页

作者： Huaping Sun Tingting Chen christoph Nedopil Wang School of Finance and Economics Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiangChina School of Economics and Management University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijingChina Fanhai International School of Finance Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina

Low carbon productivity has been identified as a key direction for China’s future *** an important driving force for economic growth,the question of whether digital finance that is reliant on digital technology can support the development of a low-carbon urban economy remains *** on the carbon productivity measured by panel data from 201 cities for the period 2011-2020,this study applies the spatial Dubin model and threshold regression model to explore the impact of digital finance on carbon productivity,yielding the following key ***,the spatial distribution heterogeneity of carbon productivity in China’s eastern region is higher than that in the western region,and both productivity and digital finance are characterized by high(low)-high(low)dotted spatial ***,digital finance can significantly improve carbon productivity via two transmission channels:the human capital and marketization *** the same time,digital finance exerts a spatial spillover effect on carbon productivity,and rising local digital finance levels will increase carbon productivity in neighboring *** analysis indicates that the spillover effect of digital finance in urban agglomerations and eastern regions is more ***,fixed-asset investment has a positive nonlinear moderating effect on digital finance,thus improving carbon *** the per capita investment in fixed assets does not exceed 682.73 yuan,digital finance exerts only a limit pulling effect on carbon productivity;when it is higher than this value,the pulling effect is intensified.

关键词： Digital finance Carbon productivity Spatial spillover effect Fixed-asset investment Spatial heterogeneity

Conception of a new 4-quadrant hydrogen compressed air energy storage power plant with an integrated electrolyzer

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Energy Reviews 2024年第3期3卷 92-101页

作者： Hans-Peter Beck Ann-Kathrin Klaas christoph Klaas Research Center Energy Storage Technologies Clausthal University of TechnologyAm Stollen 19A38640GoslarGermany Institute of Electrical Power Engineering and Energy Systems Clausthal University of TechnologyLeibnizstraße 2838678Clausthal-ZellerfeldGermany

A hydrogen compressed air energy storage power plant with an integrated electrolyzer is ideal for large-scale,long-term energy storage because of the emission-free operation and the possibility to offer multiple ancillary services on the German energy *** paper defines analyzes such a storage concept and conducts an extensive comparison with four additional storage concepts based on various *** results show that the combination of storing compressed air and hydrogen offers a higher efficiency than storing only hydrogen and lower specific investment costs than storing only compressed *** result is confirmed with analysis of the optimal sizing of each power plant component for simultaneous participation on multiple energy markets with a linear optimization dispatch *** hydrogen compressed air energy storage(HCAES)power plant can utilize more revenue possibilities than a hydrogen energy storage because of the higher round-trip efficiency and the combination of the air compressor and the integrated electrolyzer during charging *** integration of the electrolyzer,however,offers a couple of challenges itself because of the highly flexible operation mode.A new concept for the controllable 24-pulse diode-thyristor rectifier of the electrolyzer is presented,that uses mostly common components while offering little to no grid harmonics and a long *** flexible integrated electrolyzer allows for the 4-quadrant operation of the storage power plant.

关键词： Long-term energy storage Hydrogen energy storage Compressed air energy storage Mixed-integer linear programming Electrolyzer 24-Pulse thyristor rectifier

Recycled graphite for more sustainable lithium-ion batteries

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Carbon Energy 2024年第5期6卷 15-24页

作者： Mayokun Olutogun Anna Vanderbruggen christoph Frey Martin Rudolph Dominic Bresser Stefano Passerini Helmholtz Institute Ulm(HIU) Ulm Germany Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT) KarlsruheGermany Helmholtz Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf(HZDR) Helmholtz Institute Freiberg for Resource Technology(HIF)FreibergGermany ProGraphite GmbH UntergriesbachGermany Chemistry Department Sapienza University of RomeRomeItaly

The demand for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)is driven largely by their use in electric vehicles,which is projected to increase dramatically in the *** great success,however,urgently calls for the efficient recycling of LIBs at the end of their ***,we describe a froth flotation-based process to recycle graphite—the predominant active material for the negative electrode—from spent LIBs and investigate its reuse in newly assembled *** has been found that the structure and morphology of the recycled graphite are essentially unchanged compared to pristine commercial anode-grade graphite,and despite some minor impurities from the recycling process,the recycled graphite provides a remarkable reversible specific capacity of more than 350 mAh g^(−1).Even more importantly,newly assembled graphite‖NMC532 cells show excellent cycling stability with a capacity retention of 80%after 1000 cycles,that is,comparable to the performance of reference full cells comprising pristine commercial graphite.

关键词： anode graphite lithium-ion battery recycling sustainability

Machine learning prediction of methane,ethane,and propane solubility in pure water and electrolyte solutions:Implications for stray gas migration modeling

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Acta Geochimica 2024年第5期43卷 971-984页

作者： Ghazal Kooti Reza Taherdangkoo Chaofan Chen Nikita Sergeev Faramarz Doulati Ardejani Tao Meng christoph Butscher Institute of Geotechnics TU Bergakademie FreibergGustav-Zeuner-Str.109599 FreibergGermany Department of Petroleum Engineering Amirkabir University of TechnologyTehranIran Freiberg Center for Water Research ZeWaF TU Bergakademie Freiberg09599 FreibergGermany School of Mining College of EngineeringUniversity of TehranTehranIran Taiyuan University of Science and Technology Taiyuan 030024China

Hydraulic fracturing is an effective technology for hydrocarbon extraction from unconventional shale and tight gas reservoirs.A potential risk of hydraulic fracturing is the upward migration of stray gas from the deep subsurface to shallow *** stray gas can dissolve in groundwater leading to chemical and biological reactions,which could negatively affect groundwater quality and contribute to atmospheric *** knowledge oflight hydrocarbon solubility in the aqueous environment is essential for the numerical modelling offlow and transport in the ***,we compiled a database containing 2129experimental data of methane,ethane,and propane solubility in pure water and various electrolyte solutions over wide ranges of operating temperature and *** machine learning algorithms,namely regression tree(RT)and boosted regression tree(BRT)tuned with a Bayesian optimization algorithm(BO)were employed to determine the solubility of *** predictions were compared with the experimental data as well as four well-established thermodynamic *** analysis shows that the BRT-BO is sufficiently accurate,and the predicted values agree well with those obtained from the thermodynamic *** coefficient of determination(R2)between experimental and predicted values is 0.99 and the mean squared error(MSE)is 9.97×10^(-8).The leverage statistical approach further confirmed the validity of the model developed.

关键词： Gas solubility Hydraulic fracturing Thermodynamic models Regression tree Boosted regression tree Groundwater contamination

Sol-gel derived B_(2)O_(3)-CaO borate bioactive glasses with hemostatic,antibacterial and pro-angiogenic activities

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Regenerative Biomaterials 2024年第1期3卷 108-118页

作者： Kai Zheng Faina Bider Mahshid Monavari Zhiyan Xu Christina Janko christoph Alexiou Ana M.Beltran Aldo R.Boccaccini Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine College of StomatologyNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029China Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029China Institute of Biomaterials University of Erlangen-Nuremberg91058 ErlangenGermany Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology Head and Neck SurgerySection of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine(SEON)Else Kroener-Fresenius-Stiftung ProfessorshipUniversitaetsklinikum Erlangen91058 ErlangenGermany Departamento de Ingenier�ıa y Ciencia de los Materiales y del Transporte Escuela Politecnica

Sol-gel borate bioactive glasses(BGs)are promising ion-releasing biomaterials for wound healing ***,we report the synthesis of a series of binary B_(2)O_(3)-CaO borate BGs(CaO ranging from 50 to 90mol%)using a sol-gel-based *** influence of CaO content in B_(2)O_(3)-CaO borate BG on morphology,structure and ion release behavior was investigated in *** dissolution(ion release)and crystallization could be observed in borate BGs when CaO content increased,while the morphology was not significantly altered by increasing CaO *** results evidenced that the ion release behavior of borate BGs could be tailored by tuning the B_(2)O_(3)/CaO molar *** also evaluated the in vitro cytotoxicity,hemostatic,antibacterial and angiogenic activities of borate *** was validated for all borate ***,borate BGs exhibited composition-dependent hemostatic,antibacterial and angiogenic ***,higher contents of Ca in borate BGs facilitated hemostatic activity,while higher contents of B_(2)O_(3) were beneficial for pro-angiogenic *** synthesized sol-gel-derived borate BGs are promising materials for developing advanced wound healing dressings,given their fast ion release behavior and favorable hemostatic,antibacterial and angiogenic activities.

关键词： borate glasses sol-gel processing glass composition wound healing

Energy enhancement of laser-driven ions by radiation reaction and Breit-Wheeler pair production in the ultra-relativistic transparency regime

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2024年第1期12卷 60-73页

作者： Shikha Bhadoria Mattias Marklund christoph H.Keitel Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik HeidelbergGermany Department of Physics University of GothenburgGöteborgSweden

The impact of radiation reaction and Breit±Wheeler pair production on the acceleration of fully ionized carbon ions driven by an intense linearly polarized laser pulse has been investigated in the ultra-relativistic transparency *** initial expectations, the radiation reaction and pair production at ultra-high laser intensities are found to enhance the energy gained by the ions. The electrons lose most of their transverse momentum, and the additionally produced pair plasma of Breit±Wheeler electrons and positrons co-streams in the forward direction as opposed to the existing electrons streaming at an angle above zero degree. We discuss how these observations could be explained by the changes in the phase velocity of the Buneman instability, which is known to aid ion acceleration in the breakout afterburner regime, by tapping the free energy in the relative electron and ion streams. We present evidence that these non-classical effects can further improve the highest carbon ion energies in this transparency regime.

关键词： ion acceleration quantum electrodynamic effects