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Drought Stress and Preharvest Aflatoxin Contamination in Agricultural Commodity: Genetics, Genomics and Proteomics

Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2008年第10期50卷 1281-1291页

作者： Baozhu Guo Zhi-Yuan Chen R. Dewey lee Brian t. Scully Crop Protection and Management Research Unit Agricultural Research Service US Department of Agriculture Tifton Georgia 31793 USA Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology Louisiana State University Baton Rouge Louisiana 70803 USA Department of Crop and Soil Sciences University of Georgia Tifton Georgia 31793 USA

throughout the world, aflatoxin contamination is considered one of the most serious food safety issues concerning health. Chronic problems with preharvest afiatoxin contamination occur in the southern US, and are particularly troublesome in corn, peanut, cottonseed, and tree nuts. Drought stress is a major factor to contribute to preharvest afiatoxin contamination. Recent studies have demonstrated higher concentration of defense or stress-related proteins in corn kerners of resistant genotypes compared with susceptible genotypes, suggesting that preharvest field condition （drought or not drought） influences gene expression differently in different genotypes resulting in different levels of ＂end products＂： PR（pathogenesis-related） proteins in the mature kernels. Because of the complexity of Aspergillus-plant interactions, better understanding of the mechanisms of genetic resistance will be needed using genomics and proteomics for crop improvement. Genetic improvement of crop resistance to drought stress is one component and will provide a good perspective on the efficacy of control strategy. Proteomic comparisons of corn kernel proteins between resistant or susceptible genotypes to Aspergillus flavus infection have identified stress-related proteins along with antifungal proteins as associated with kernel resistance. Gene expression studies in developing corn kernels are in agreement with the proteomic studies that defense-related genes could be upregulated or downregulated by abiotic stresses.

关键词： abiotic stress drought stress host resistance preharvest aflatoxin contamination.

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Boosting the oxygen evolution reaction performance of wrinkled Mn(OH)_(2) via conductive activation with a carbon binder

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第8期31卷 580-587,I0016页

作者： Kahyun Ham Jaewon lee Kiyoung lee Jaeyoung lee School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology(GIST)123 Cheomdangwagi-RoGwangju 61005South Korea International Future Research Center of Chemical Energy Storage and Conversion Processes GIST123 Cheomdangwagi-RoGwangju 61005South Korea Ertl Center for Electrochemical and Catalysis GIST123 Cheomdangwagi-RoGwangju 61005South Korea Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Inha University100 Inha-RoIncheon 22212South Korea

Electrochemical water splitting is one of the most reliable approaches for environmental-friendly hydrogen *** of their stability and abundance,Mn-based materials have been studied as electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction(OER),which is a more sluggish reaction in the water splitting *** increase the OER activity of Mn,it is imperative to facilitate the structural change of Mn oxide to the active phase with Mn_(3)+species,known as the active ***,we present the relationship between the electronic conductivity in the catalyst layer and the formation of the Mn active phase,δ-MnO_(2),from wrinkled Mn(OH)_(2).Mn(OH)_(2) has poor conductivity,and it disrupts the oxidation reaction toward MnOOH orδ-MnO_(2).Adjacent conductive carbon to Mn(OH)_(2) enabled Mn(OH)_(2) to be oxidized toδ-MnO_(2).Furthermore,after repetitive cyclic voltammetry activation,the more conductive environment resulted in a higher density ofδ-MnO_(2) through the irreversible phase transition,and thus it contributes to the improvement of the OER activity.

关键词： Hydrogen production Oxygen evolution reaction Anion exchange membrane water electrolysis Anodization Manganese oxide

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大面积原子层沉积技术的全流程开发：从集成电路到光伏

大面积原子层沉积技术的全流程开发：从集成电路到光伏

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第四届全国太阳能电池材料与器件大会

作者：庄黎伟 Dennis t.lee Peter Corkery Michael tsapatsis 华东理工大学化工学院华东理工大学上海电子化学品创新研究院 Johns Hopkins University

原子层沉积(Atomic Layer Deposition,ALD)的自限制反应特征,赋予了ALD技术高度保型、均匀的薄膜沉积能力。ALD广泛应用于光伏领域。然而,实现工业规模的ALD薄膜沉积,依赖于ALD设备的设计和过程的开发。为此,我们开发了基于虚拟ALD阀门... 详细信息

原子层沉积(Atomic Layer Deposition,ALD)的自限制反应特征,赋予了ALD技术高度保型、均匀的薄膜沉积能力。ALD广泛应用于光伏领域。然而,实现工业规模的ALD薄膜沉积,依赖于ALD设备的设计和过程的开发。为此,我们开发了基于虚拟ALD阀门、源瓶的供气系统模型、真空腔体流体力学传递过程模型、大面积平面/维纳结构基底的薄膜沉积模型,致力于全流程的ALD过程与装备仿真设计,相关模型已在国内外高校、企业的研究级、工业级ALD机台得到了系统验证。相关ALD技术已应用于存储芯片、钙钛矿太阳能电池、气体分离膜等领域的工艺和装备开发。

关键词：原子层沉积钙钛矿太阳能电池虚拟系统镀膜

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Pushing the limits of existing plasma focus towards 1016 fusion neutrons with Q=0.01

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Plasma Science and technology 2022年第11期24卷 47-53页

作者： Sing lee Institute for Plasma Focus Studies 32 Oakpark DriveChadstone VIC3148Australia Physics Department University of MalayaKuala Lumpur 50603Malaysia INtI International University Nilai 71800Malaysia Fuse Energy technologies Napierville QC J0J 1L0Canada

Existing conventional megajoule plasma focus machines with 2–3 MA are producing fusion neutron yields of several times 10^(11) in deuterium operation,the fusion yields predominantly being the beam-gas *** the current to 10 MA and using 50%–50%D-t mixture will scale the neutron yield towards 10^(16) D-t fusion *** this work,we derive the Lawson criterion for plasma focus devices with a beam-target fusion neutron mechanism,so that we may glimpse what future technological advancements are needed for a break-even Q=1 plasma *** perform numerical experiments with a present-day feasible 0.9 MV,8.1 MJ,11 MA machine operating in 100 torr in 50%–50%D-t *** lee Code simulation gives a detailed description of the plasma focus dynamics through each phase,and provides plasma and yield parameters which show that out of 1.1×10^(19) fast beam ions produced in the plasma focus pinch,only 1.24×10^(14) ions take part in beam-target fusion reactions within the pinch,producing the same number of D-t *** remnant beam ions,numbering at least 10^(19),exit the focus pinch at 1.9 MeV,which is far above the 115 keV ion energy necessary for an optimum beam-target *** propose to regain the lost fusion rates by using a high-pressure D-t-filled drift-tube to attenuate the energy of the remnant beam ions until they reach the energy for the optimum fusion *** a fusion enhancement tube would further harvest beam-target fusion reactions by increasing the interaction path length(1 m)at increased interaction density(6 atm).A gain factor of 300 is conservatively estimated,with a final yield of 3.7×10^(16) D-t neutrons carrying kinetic energy of 83.6 kJ,demonstrating Q=0.01.

关键词： plasma focus simulation neutron enhancement fusion harvester plasma focus

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Monitoring the Expression of Maize Genes in Developing Kernels under Droug ht Stress usingOligo-microarray

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2010年第12期52卷 1059-1074页

作者： Meng Luo Jia Liu R. Dewey lee Brian t. Scully Baozhu Guo the University of Georgia Department of Crop and Soil Sciences Tifton GA 31793 USA J. Craig Venter Institute Rockville MD 20850 USA US D-epartment of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Crop Protection and Management Research Unit Tifton GA 31793 USA

Preharvest aflatoxin contamination of grain grown on the US southeastern Coast Plain is provoked and aggravated by abiotic stress. the primary abiotic stress is drought along with high temperatures. the objectives of the present study were to monitor gene expression in developing kernels in response to drought stress and to identify drought-responsive genes for possible use in germplasm assessment. the maize breeding line tex6 was used, and gene expression profiles were analyzed in developing kernels under drought stress verses well-watered conditions at the stages of 25, 30, 35, 40, 45 d after pollination （DAP） using the 70 mer maize oligo-arrays. A total of 9 573 positive array spots were detected with unique gene IDs, and 7 988 were common in both stressed and well-watered samples. Expression patterns of some genes in several stress response-associated pathways, including abscisic acid, jasmonic acid and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, were examined, and these specific genes were responsive to drought stress positively. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction validated microarray expression data. the comparison between tex6 and B73 revealed that there were significant differences in specific gene expression, patterns and levels. Several defense-related genes had been downregulated, even though some defense-related or drought responsive genes were upregulated at the later stages.

关键词： CORN GENEtICS GENEtIC regulation in plants EFFECt of drought on plants EFFECt of stress on plants DNA microarrays AFLAtOXINS CROPS -- Postharvest technology

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Performance of an activated carbon made from waste palm shell in simultaneous adsorption of SO_x and NO_x of flue gas at low temperature

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Science China(technological Sciences) 2009年第1期52卷 198-203页

作者： S. SUMAtHI S. BHAtIA K.t. lee A. R. MOHAMED School of Chemical Engineering Engineering Campus Universiti Sains Malaysia 14300 Nibong Tebal Pulau Pinang

this study examined the individual and simultaneous adsorption of SO{in{itx}} (SO{in{it2}}) and NO{in{itx}} (NO-NO{in{it2}}) on activated carbon prepared from waste palm shell. the adsorption process was examined in a fixed bed reactor at low temperatures (100\2-300\dgC). For individual adsorption without any catalytic activation, SO{in{itx}} showed good adsorption whereas NO{in{itx}} was very much poor. In the simultaneous adsorption of SO{in{itx}} and NO{in{itx}}, SO{in{itx}} showed greater adsorption affinity than NO{itx}. For palm shell activated carbon (PSAC) impregnated with metal catalyst (Ni and Ce) the concentration adsorbed profile showed that the amount of SO{in{itx}} adsorbed decreased regularly, while the amount of the adsorbed NO{in{itx}} increased irregularly. the properties of the pure and impregnated PSAC were analyzed by BEt, SEM and EDX. these investigations indicated that PSAC impregnated with metal catalyst is the determining factor in the adsorption of SO{in{itx}} and NO{in{itx}} simultaneously.

关键词： palm shell activated carbon flue gas SO_x NO_x

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A Review on Soft Ionic touch Point Sensors

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2024年第6期7卷 193-208页

作者： Gibeom lee Donghyun lee Gwang-Bum Im Younghoon lee Department of Mechanical Engineering Gachon University1342 SeongnamdaeroSujeong-guSeongnam 13120South Korea Department of Surgery Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusetts 02115USA

A touch sensor is an essential component in meeting the growing demand for human-machine *** sensors have been developed in wearable,attachable,and even implantable forms to acquire a wide range of information from *** be applied to the human body,sensors are required to be biocompatible and not restrict the natural movement of the *** materials are a promising candidate for soft touch sensors due to their outstanding properties,which include high stretchability,transparency,ionic conductivity,and ***,this review discusses the unique features of soft ionic touch point sensors,focusing on the ionic material and its key role in the *** touch sensing mechanisms include piezocapacitive,piezoresistive,surface capacitive,piezoelectric,and triboelectric and triboresistive *** review analyzes the implementation hurdles and future research directions of the soft ionic touch sensors for their transformative potential.

关键词： iontronics ionic materials soft materials touch sensors

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An Interface-Capturing Method for Resolving Compressible two-Fluid Flows with General Equation of State

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Communications in Computational Physics 2009年第10期6卷 1137-1162页

作者： t.S.lee J.G.Zheng S.H.Winoto Department of Mechanical Engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore 119260

In this study,a stable and robust interface-capturing method is developed to resolve inviscid,compressible two-fluid flows with general equation of state(EOS).the governing equations consist of mass conservation equation for each fluid,momentum and energy equations for mixture and an advection equation for volume fraction of one fluid *** of pressure equilibrium across an interface is used to close the model ***-Hancock scheme is extended to construct input states for Riemann problems,whose solutions are calculated using generalized HLLC approximate Riemann *** mesh refinement(AMR)capability is built into hydrodynamic *** resulting method has some ***,it is very stable and robust,as the advection equation is handled ***,general equation of state can model more materials than simple EOSs such as ideal and stiffened gas EOSs for *** addition,AMR enables us to properly resolve flow features at disparate ***,this method is quite simple,time-efficient and easy to implement.

关键词： MUSCL-Hancock scheme adaptive mesh refinement compressible two-fluid flows general equation of state

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Explainable Artificial Intelligence-Based Model Drift Detection Applicable to Unsupervised Environments

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第8期76卷 1701-1719页

作者： Yongsoo lee Yeeun lee Eungyu lee taejin lee Department of Information Security Hoseo UniversityAsan31499Korea

Cybersecurity increasingly relies on machine learning(ML)models to respond to and detect ***,the rapidly changing data environment makes model life-cycle management after deployment ***-time detection of drift signals from various threats is fundamental for effectively managing deployed ***,detecting drift in unsupervised environments can be *** study introduces a novel approach leveraging Shapley additive explanations(SHAP),a widely recognized explainability technique in ML,to address drift detection in unsupervised *** proposed method incorporates a range of plots and statistical techniques to enhance drift detection reliability and introduces a drift suspicion metric that considers the explanatory aspects absent in the current *** validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in a real-world scenario,we applied it to an environment designed to detect domain generation algorithms(DGAs).the dataset was obtained from various types of DGAs provided by *** on this dataset composition,we sought to validate the proposed SHAP-based approach through drift scenarios that occur when a previously deployed model detects new data types in an environment that detects real-world *** results revealed that more than 90%of the drift data exceeded the threshold,demonstrating the high reliability of the approach to detect drift in an unsupervised *** proposed method distinguishes itself fromexisting approaches by employing explainable artificial intelligence(XAI)-based detection,which is not limited by model or system environment *** conclusion,this paper proposes a novel approach to detect drift in unsupervised ML settings for *** proposed method employs SHAP-based XAI and a drift suspicion metric to improve drift detection *** is versatile and suitable for various realtime data analysis contexts beyond DGA detection *** study significan

关键词： Cybersecurity machine learning(ML) model life-cycle management drift detection unsupervised environments shapley additive explanations(SHAP) explainability

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2022年中国新生儿协作网极早产儿红细胞输注现况分析

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中华儿科杂志 2025年第1期63卷 55-61页

作者：莫艳钱爱民白瑞苗李淑涓玉小清王瑾 lee Shoo K. 蒋思远韦秋芬周文浩国家儿童医学中心复旦大学附属儿科医院新生儿科上海南京医科大学附属儿童医院新生儿医疗中心南京西北妇女儿童医院新生儿科西安广西壮族自治区妇幼保健院新生儿医疗中心南宁加拿大西奈山医院母婴健康研究中心多伦多M5GX 广州市妇女儿童医疗中心新生儿医学中心广州

目的分析2022年中国新生儿协作网(CHNN)各单位极早产儿(出生胎龄<32周)红细胞输注治疗的状况。方法基于CHNN极早产儿队列的横断面研究, 纳入2022年生后24 h内收入CHNN 89家单位的6 985例极早产儿。排除合并严重先天畸形及放弃治疗或转至... 详细信息

目的分析2022年中国新生儿协作网(CHNN)各单位极早产儿(出生胎龄tneyU检验等进行组间比较, 采用Cochran-Armitage和Jonckheere-terpstra趋势检验进行不同出生胎龄及不同呼吸支持水平间的趋势检验。结果 6 985例极早产儿中男3 865例(55.3%), 出生胎龄为30.0(28.6, 31.0)周, 出生体重为(1 302±321)g。红细胞输注组3 617例(51.8%), 未输注组3 368例(48.2%)。出生胎龄<28、28～31周的极早产儿红细胞输注率分别为77.7%(893/1 150)、46.7%(2 724/5 835)。红细胞输注组极早产儿共接受9 616次红细胞输注, 输注时需有创呼吸支持的有2 459次(25.6%), 无创呼吸支持4 934次(51.3%), 无呼吸支持的有2 223次(23.1%)。因632次红细胞输注输血前血红蛋白未记录, 8 984次红细胞输注纳入分析。红细胞输注组母亲合并妊娠期高血压比例高于未输注组(χ2=10.73, P=0.001), 剖宫产出生、母亲产前激素应用比例均低于未输注组(χ2=12.00、12.93, 均P<0.001);与未输注组相比, 红细胞输注组患儿出生胎龄更小、出生体重更低, 小于胎龄、多胎以及第5分钟Apgar评分≤3分比例均更高, 女性、本院出生以及延迟脐带结扎比例均更低, 入院时生理稳定性转运风险指数评分更高(均P<0.05)。红细胞输注组极早产儿红细胞输注次数为2(1, 3)次, 首次红细胞输注时为18(8, 29)日龄, 首次红细胞输注前血红蛋白为97(86, 109)g/L。红细胞输注时≤7日龄的极早产儿有创呼吸支持、无创呼吸支持和无呼吸支持组接受红细胞输注前的血红蛋白水平差异无统计学意义(H=5.59, P=0.061);8～21以及≥22日龄的极早产儿不同呼吸支持状况下接受红细胞输注前的血红蛋白水平差异均有统计学意义(H=10.91、39.19, 均P<0.01)。8～21日龄、≥22日龄无呼吸支持的极早产儿阈值上红细胞输注分别为90.1%(264/293)、91.1%(1 578/1 732)。阈值上输血组极早产儿相比阈值下输血组发生坏死性小肠结肠炎的比例更高(χ2=10.59, P=0.001), 住院时间更长(Z=4.67, P<0.001)。结论 2022年CHNN纳入的极早产儿红细胞输注率较高, 接受红细胞输注前的血红蛋白水平普遍高于现有证据推荐的输注阈值。

关键词：婴儿, 早产红细胞输注重症监护病房, 新生儿

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