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Hybrid coronary revascularization vs. percutaneous coronary interventions for multivessel coronary artery disease

journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2021年第3期18卷 159-167页

作者： Edward L.Hannan Yi-Feng WU Kimberly Cozzens jacqueline Tamis-Holland Frederick S.K.Ling Alice K.jacobs Ferdinand j.Venditti Peter B.Berger Gary Walford spencer B.KingⅢ University at Albany State University of New YorkAlbanyNYUSA Mount Sinai St.Luke’s Hospital New YorkNYUSA University of Rochester Medical Center RochesterNYUSA Boston Medical Center BostonMAUSA Albany Medical Center AlbanyNYUSA Unaffiliated johns Hopkins Medical Center Emory Health System AtlantaGAUSA

OBjECTIVE Hybrid coronary revascularization(HCR)combines a minimally invasive surgical approach to the left anterior descending(LAD)artery with percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)for non-LAD diseased coronary *** is associated with shorter hospital lengths of stay and recovery times than conventional coronary artery bypass surgery,but there is little information comparing it to isolated PCI for multivessel *** objective is to compare long-term outcomes of HCR and PCI for patients with multivessel *** This cohort study used data from New York’s cardiac surgery and PCI registries in 2010−2016 to examine mortality and repeat revascularization rates for patients with multivessel coronary artery disease who underwent HCR and *** proportional hazards methods were used to reduce selection *** were followed for a median of four *** There was a total of 335 HCR patients(1.2%)and 25,557 PCI patients(98.8%)after *** was no difference in 6-year risk adjusted survival between HCR and PCI patients 83.17%vs.81.65%,adjusted hazard ratio(aHR)=0.90(95%CI:0.67−1.20).However,HCR patients were more likely to be free from repeat revascularization in the LAD artery(91.13%vs.83.59%,aHR=0.51(95%CI:0.34−0.77)).CONCLUSIONS For patients with multi-vessel coronary artery disease,HCR is rarely *** are no differences in mortality rates after four years,but HCR is associated with lower repeat revascularization rates in the LAD artery,presumably due to better longevity in left arterial mammary grafts.

关键词： coronary revascularization mortality

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Evolutionary Genomics of Plant Gametophytic Selection

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Plant Communications 2020年第6期1卷 18-33页

作者： Felix E.G.Beaudry joanna L.Rifkin spencer C.H.Barrett Stephen I.Wright Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology The University of Toronto25 Willcocks StreetTorontoON M5S 3B2Canada These authors contributed equally to this article

It has long been recognized that natural selection during the haploid gametophytic phase of the plant life cycle may have widespread importance for rates of evolution and the maintenance of genetic *** theoretical advances have further highlighted the significance of gametophytic selection for diverse evolutionary *** approaches offer exciting opportunities to address key questions about the extent and effects of gametophytic selection on plant evolution and ***,we review the progress and prospects for integrating functional and evolutionary genomics to test theoretical predictions,and to examine the importance of gametophytic selection on genetic diversity and rates of *** is growing evidence that selection during the gametophyte phase of the plant life cycle has important effects on both gene and genome evolution and is likely to have important pleiotropic effects on the *** discuss the opportunities to integrate comparative population genomics,genome-wide association studies,and experimental approaches to further distinguish how differential selection in the two phases of the plant life cycle contributes to genetic diversity and adaptive evolution.

关键词： gametophyte pollen ovule evolution genomics selection

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Physical activity, weight status and diet in adolescents: are children meeting the guidelines

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Health 2010年第10期2卷 1142-1149页

作者： spencer E. Boyle Georgina L. jones Stephen j. Walters 不详

Childhood obesity is on the increase and maintaining regular physical activity and consuming a healthy diet have become essential tools to combat the condition. The United Kingdom government has recommended guidelines for optimal levels of diet and activity in children. The aim of this paper is to describe and compare self-reported physical activity levels, diet, and Body Mass Indices (BMI) amongst adolescent children, aged 11-15, in the South West (SW) and North West (NW) regions of England and to see if these children were meeting the current targets for optimal levels of: physical activity;fruit/vegetable consumption;fat consumption and BMI. We report the results of a cross-sectional survey of four secondary schools and 1,869 children using the self-reported Western Australian Child and Adolescent Physical Activity and Nutrition Survey (CAPANS) physical activity instrument and a food intake screener questionnaire, in summer and winter. We found that 25% (469/1869) 95% CI: 23% to 27%, of children engaged in 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity per day;53% (995/1866) 95% CI: 51% to 56%, took 5 portions of fruit and vegetables per day;while 22% (407/1861) 95% CI: 20% to 24% consumed recommended amount of fats, and 23.7% (276/1164) 95% CI: 21% to 26%, of pupils were obese or overweight as classified by their BMI. Self reported physical activity in young people regardless of area is lower than previously reported and the lack of students engaging in 60 minutes moderate to vigorous activity could have serious public health consequences. If sustained, this could lead to more overweight adults, and more ill health.

关键词： Physical Activity Diet Exercise Adolescents Guidelines

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Strategies towards robust interpretations of in situ zircon oxygen isotopes

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Geoscience Frontiers 2023年第2期14卷 241-255页

作者： janne Liebmann Christopher L.Kirkland john B.Cliff Christopher j.spencer Aaron j.Cavosie Timescales of Mineral Systems Group The Institute for Geoscience Research(TIGeR)School of Earth and Planetary SciencesCurtin UniversityPerthAustralia Pacific Northwest National Laboratory RichlandWashington 99354United States Department of Geological Sciences and Geological Engineering Queen’s UniversityKingstonONCanada Space Science and Technology Centre The Institute for Geoscience Research(TIGeR)School of Earth and Planetary ScienceCurtin UniversityPerthAustralia

Oxygen isotopes are a versatile tool to address a wide range of questions in the Earth *** include geothermometry,paleoclimatology,tracing of geochemical reservoirs,fluid-rock interaction,magmatic petrogenesis,and identification of extra-terrestrial *** arguably provides one of the most robust records of primary magmatic O isotope ratio due to low diffusion rates in crystalline *** ability to correlate zircon O isotopes with temporal and petrogenetic information(e.g.U-Pb geochronology,Lu-Hf isotopes,and trace elements)makes this mineral a key archive for understanding Earth’s crustal ***,zircon O isotope geochemistry has found widespread usage to address fundamental questions across the earth and planetary *** general apparent ease of O isotopic acquisition through the advancement of rapid in situ techniques(*** ion mass spectrometry;SIMS)and associated dedicated national laboratories has led to the generation of large O isotopic data sets of variable quality,highlighting the importance of a coherent workflow for data collection,reduction,and *** paper presents a set of approaches for measurement,assessment,and reporting of zircon O isotope *** focus in this contribution is on in situ analysis via secondary ion mass spectrometry using large geometry instruments,but other commonly used techniques are briefly reviewed for *** work aims to provide an analytical framework necessary for geologically meaningful interpretation of O isotope *** addition,we describe inherent geological(***-induced disturbance of the zircon O isotopic system)and analytical(*** due to sample topography effects)challenges and outline means to identify and avoid such issues as a prerequisite to the generation of robust primary O isotopic signatures for geological interpretation.

关键词： In situ Oxygen isotopes Zircon SIMS Secondary ion mass spectrometry Off-mount standard

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试论古代异常钾盐蒸发岩的成因——来自柴达木盆地的佐证

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地球化学 1991年第2期20卷 134-143页

作者：张彭熹张保珍 Lowenstein T.K. spencer R.j. 中国科学院盐湖研究所西宁810008 美国纽约州立大学宾汉姆分校加拿大卡乐加里大学

本文根据察尔汗盐湖现代钾盐沉积区补给水的化学组成和沉积物岩芯中原生石盐流质包裹体的氢氧同位素组成,研究了钾盐卤水的形成和钾盐蒸发岩的沉积模式。论述了古代异常钾盐蒸发岩可能是或部分是非海相成因的。

关键词：蒸发岩成因钾盐

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，***-Marrack

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石油地质科技动态 2004年第6期 34-39,56页

作者： K．j．Skaar A．M．spencer 郑水吉朱起煌

本文的基础是挪威初探井评价项目。这里概括了前面三篇论文的主要认识，目的是为改进勘探过程提供建议。这方面的主要建议有：·勘探目标应在含油气系统和成藏层带的背景下进行评价。·为了提高对油气体积不确定性的了解，应采用勘探目... 详细信息

本文的基础是挪威初探井评价项目。这里概括了前面三篇论文的主要认识，目的是为改进勘探过程提供建议。这方面的主要建议有：·勘探目标应在含油气系统和成藏层带的背景下进行评价。·为了提高对油气体积不确定性的了解，应采用勘探目标的平面和垂向分块，同时在钻探以前对勘探目标的油气体积进行多种计算。·如果探井是干井，应使用决策树来确定干井原因。·要了解油气体积和勘探目标概率之间的联系。·确保勘探目标评价过程的一致性。·在为勘探目标的不同评价阶段提供报告时，应致力于形成无间隔的数据源链条。·勘探目标的评价应考虑其成藏层带的勘探成熟程度。·应不断更新挪威初探井评价数据库。

关键词：勘探目标探井成藏含油气系统钻探气体初探形成体积更新

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Improving beef hamburger quality and fatty acid profiles through dietary manipulation and exploitation of fat depot heterogeneity

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journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2015年第1期6卷 111-121页

作者： Cletos Mapiye jennifer L Aalhus Payam Vahmani David C Rolland Timothy A McAllister Hushton C Block Bethany Uttaro spencer D Proctor Michael E R Dugan Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Lacombe Research Centre6000 C and E TrailLacombeAlberta T4L 1 W1Canada Department of Animal Sciences Faculty of AgriSciencesStellenbosch UniversityP.Bag X1Matieland 7602 South Africa Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Lethbridge Research Centre1st Avenue South 5403PO Box 3000LethbridgeAlberta T1J 4B1 Canada Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases Laboratory Diabetes and Mazankowski InstitutesLi Ka Shing Centre for Health Research Innovation University of AlbertaEdmontonAlberta T6G 2E1Canada

Background： Hamburger is the most consumed beef product in North America, but lacks in nutritional appeal due to its high fat content and high proportion of saturated fatty acids （SFA）. Objectives of the present study were to improve the FA profiles of hamburgers made with perirenal fat （PRF） and subcutaneous fat （SCF） when feeding steers different diets along with examining differences in sensory attributes and oxidative stability. Diets included a control diet containing 70：30 red clover silage： barley based concentrate, a diet containing sunflower-seed （SS） substituted for barley, and diets containing SS with 15% wheat dried distillers＇ grain with solubles （DDGS-15） or 30% DDGS （DDGS-30）. Hamburgers were made from triceps brachii and either PRF or SCF （80：20 w/w）. Results： Perirenal fat versus SCF hamburgers FA had 14.3% more （P 〈0.05） 18：0, 11.8% less cis （c）9-18：1 （P 〈0.05）, and 1.82% more total trdns （t）-18：1 mainly in the form of tl 1-18：1. During sensory evaluation, PRF versus SCF hamburgers had greater （P 〈0.05） mouth coating, but the difference was less than one panel unit. Examining effects of steer diet within PRF hamburgers, feeding the SS compared to the control diet increased （P 〈0.05） t-18：1 by 2.89% mainly in the form of tl 1-18：1, feeding DGGS-15 diet led to no further changes （P 〉0.05）, but feeding DDGS-30 diet reduced the proportions of （P 〈0.05） of t-18：1 chiefly tl 1-18：1. Feeding SS and DDGS diets had small but significant （P 〈0.05） effects on hamburger sensory attributes and oxidative stability. Conclusions： Feeding high-forage diets including SS and 15% DDGS, and taking advantage of the FA heterogeneity between fat depots offers an opportunity to differentially enhance beef hamburgers with 18：2n-6 biohydrogenation products （Le., t11-18：1） with potential human health benefits without compromising their sensory attributes and oxidative stability during retail display.

关键词： Beef DDGS Fat depot Fatty acids Sensory attributes Oxidative stability

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Technical and conceptual considerations forusing animated stimuli in studies of animalbehavior

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Current Zoology 2017年第1期63卷 5-19页

作者： Laura CHOUINARD-THULY Stefanie GIERSZEWSKI Gil G. ROSENTHAL Simon M. READER Guillaume RIEUCAU Kevin L. Woo Robert GERLAI Cynthia TEDORE spencer j. INGLEY john R. STOWERS joachim G.FROMMENI Francine L. DOLINS Klaudia WITTE Department of Biologv McGill University 1205 Docteur Penfield Montreal Quebec Canada H3A 1B1 Research Group of Ecology and Behavioral Biology Institute of Biology University of Siegen Adolf-Reichwein Str. 2 Siegen 57068 Germany Ecology & Evolutionary Biology Texas A&M University 3258 TAMU College Station TX 77843 USA Centro de Investigaciones Cientfficas de las Huastecas "Aguazarca" Calnali Hidalgo Mexico Departmentof Biological Sciences Florida International University 3000 Northeast 151 Street North Miami FL 33181 USA SUNY Empire State College Metropolitan Center 325 Hudson Street New York NY 10013-1005 USA Departmentof Psychology University of Toronto Mississauga 3359 Mississauga Road Mississauga Ontario Canada L5L 1C6 Lund Vision Group Department of Biology Lund University SSIvegatan 35 Lund 22362 Sweden Department of Biology University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill CB#3280 Coker Hall Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA Research Institute of Molecular Pathology IMP Vienna Biocenter VBC Dr. Bohr-Gasse 7 Vienna 1030 Austria loopbiogmbh Hauptstrasse 93 Kritzendorf 3420 Austria Department of Behavioural Ecology Institute of Ecology and Evolution University of Bern Wohlenstrasse 50a Hinterkappelen 3032 Switzerland Department of Behavioral Sciences University of Michigan-Dearborn 4901 Evergreen Road Dearborn MI 48128 USA

Rapid technical advances in the field of computeropened new avenues in animal behavior *** （CA） and virtual reality （VR） haveAnimated stimuli are powerful tools as theyoffer standardization, repeatability, and complete control over the stimulus presented, thereby＂reducing＂ and ＂replacing＂ the animals used, and ＂refining＂ the experimental design in line withthe 3Rs. However, appropriate use of these technologies raises conceptual and technical *** this review, we offer guidelines for common technical and conceptual considerations related tothe use of animated stimuli in animal behavior research. Following the steps required to create ananimated stimulus, we discuss （I） the creation, （11） the presentation, and （111） the validation of CAsand VRs. Although our review is geared toward computer-graphically designed stimuli, consider-ations on presentation and validation also apply to video playbacks. CA and VR allow both new be-havioral questions to be addressed and existing questions to be addressed in new ways, thus weexpect a rich future for these methods in both ultimate and proximate studies of animal behavior.

关键词： animal behavior, animated stimulus, computer animation, experimental design, virtual reality, visual communication.

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A continental back-arc setting for the Namaqua belt:Evidence from the Kakamas Domain

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Geoscience Frontiers 2022年第4期13卷 193-221页

作者： P.H.Macey R.j.Thomas A.F.M.Kisters j.F.A.Diener M.Angombe S.Doggart C.A.Groenewald C.W.Lambert j.A.Miller H.Minnaar H.Smith H.F.G.Moen E.Muvangua A.Nguno G.Shifotoka j.Indongo D.Frei C.spencer P.le Roux R.A.Armstrong C.Tinguely Council for Geoscience P.O.Box 572BellvilleSouth Africa Department of Geology University of StellenboschSouth Africa Department of Geological Sciences University of Cape TownSouth Africa Geological Survey of Namibia WindhoekNamibia Department of Geology University of Free StateSouth Africa Department of Earth Sciences University of the Western CapeSouth Africa The Institute of Geoscience Research Dept.Applied GeologyCurtin UniversityPerthAustralia Department of Geological Sciences and Geological Engineering Queen’s UniversityKingstonCanada Geochronology and Tracers Facility British Geological SurveyNottingham NG125GGUK RSES Australian NationalUniversityCanberraACTAustralia

A study of the NW Kakamas Domain in South Africa/Namibia provides a new,unified lithostratigraphy and evolutionary history applicable to the whole Namaqua *** Mesoproterozoic history ranges from~1350 Ma to 960 Ma,but isotopic evidence suggests it was built upon pre-existing Paleoproterozoic continental crust that extended west from the Archaean *** eastern Namaqualand,early rift-related magmatism and sedimentation at~1350 Ma occurred in a confined ocean *** tectonic reversal and subduction at~1290–1240 Ma led to establishment of the Areachap,Konkiep and Kaaien *** the Kakamas Domain,widespread deposition of pelitic sediments occurred at~1220 Ma(Narries Group).These contain detrital zircons derived from proximal crust with ages between~2020 Ma and 1800 Ma(western Palaeoproterozoic domains)and 1350–1240 Ma(eastern early Namaqua domains),suggesting pre-sedimentation *** pelites underwent granulite grade metamorphism at~1210 Ma(peak conditions:4.5–6 kbar and 770–850°C),associated with voluminous,predominantly S-type granitoid orthogneisses between~1210 Ma and 1190 Ma(Eendoorn and Ham River Suites)and low-angle ductile(D_(2))deformation which continued until~1110 Ma,interspersed with periods of *** enduring P-T regime is inconsistent with the expected crustal over-thickening associated with the generally-accepted collision-accretion Namaqualand ***,we propose the Namaqua Sector is a‘hot orogen’developed in a wide continental back-arc with subduction west of the present-day *** observed high geotherm resulted from thinned back-arc lithosphere accompanied by an influx of mantle-derived *** D_(2)deformation resulted from"bottom-driven"tectonics and viscous drag within the crust by convective flow in the underlying asthenospheric *** extended tectonothermal regime ceased at~1110 Ma when SW-directed thrusting stacked the Namaqua Domains into their current positions,constrained in

关键词： Kakamas Namaqua Geodynamics Geochronology Hot orogeny Mesoproterozoic

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Survival of Red King Crab （Paralithodes Camtschaticus） juveniles on Natural and Artificial Substrates

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journal of Life Sciences 2010年第3期4卷 1-8页

作者： Willow M. Hetrick Linda j. Cox Shannon K. Atkinson spencer R. Malecha Natural Resources and Environmental Management University of Hawaii at Manoa Honolulu 96822 USA School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences University of Alaska Fairbank~ Juneau 99801 USA Human Nutrition Food and Animal Sciences University of Hawaii at Manoa Honolulu 96822 USA

Understanding settlement tendencies and substrate preference is essential for king crab stock enhancement because structurally complex habitats provide red king crab juveniles with shelter and protect them from predation and cannibalism during critical stages of their lives. The growth and survival rates of juvenile red king crab （Paralithodes carntschaticus） from the first juvenile instar stage after settlement from the free-swimming glaucothoe （stage C 1）, to the third juvenile instar （stage C3）, that were reared in aquaria with natural rock, shell, and artificial substrate from june 8 to july 15, 2008 at the Alutiiq Pride Shellfish Hatchery in Seward Alaska were evaluated. The percent of crabs surviving to the C3 juvenile stage was the highest （34%） for the artificial substrate, the lowest （24%） for the shell substrate, and intermediate （27%） for the rock substrate. No significant differences were found in the wet weight and carapace width （P〉0.05） among these three treatments, although the crabs were reared in the natural shell substrate, were heavier, （4.1±0.3 mg） than those reared in the natural rock （3.9±0.1 mg）, and artificial substrates （3.8±0.7 mg） and crabs reared in the natural rock substrate were larger （1.8±0.2 mm） than those reared in the natural shell （1.7±0.2 mm）, and the same as those in the artificial substrates （1.8±0.2 mm）. These results may be due to the short length of the experiment relative to the life cycle of the species. Further research is needed to understand the optimal environmental conditions for juvenile crabs and determine how their crucial habitats, which may be easily disturbed by human activities, can be conserved.

关键词： Red king crab natural and artificial substrates juvenile stock enhancement.

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