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Prediction method for October 2003.solar storm

Science China(Technological sciences) 2006年第5期49卷 629-640页

作者： XIE Yanqiong1, 2, 3. WEI Fengsi1, FENG Xueshang1 & ZHONG Dingkun1, 2 1. State Key Laboratory of Space Weather, Center for Space Science and Applied Research, chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100080, China 2. Graduate School, chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 10003., China 3. institute of Meteorology, PLA University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 211101, China State Key Laboratory of Space Weather Center for Space Science Applied Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China Graduate School Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 China institute of Meteorology PLA University of Science Technology Nanjing 211101 China

Aiming at two intense shock events on October 28 and 29, 2003. this paper presents a two-step method, which combines synoptic analysis of space weather ——“observing” and quantitative prediction ——“palpating”, and then uses it to test predictions. In the first step of “observing”, on the basis of observations of the solar source surface magnetic field, interplanetary scintillation (IPS) and ACE spacecraft, we find that the propagation of the shocks is asymmetric relative to the normal direction of their solar sources, and the Earth is located near the direction of the fastest speed and the greatest energy of the shocks. As the two fast ejection shock events, the fast explosion of coronal mass of the extremely high temperature, the strong magnetic field, and the high speed background solar wind are also helpful to their rapid propagation. In the second step of “palpating”, we adopt a new membership function of the fast shock events for the ISF method. The predicted results show that for the onset time of the geomagnetic disturbance, the relative errors between the observational and the predicted results are 1.8% and 6.7%; and for the magnetic disturbance magnitude, the relative errors are 4.1% and 3.1%, re- spectively. Furthermore, the comparison among the predicted results of our two-step method with those of five other prevailing methods shows that the two-step method is advantageous. The results tell us that understanding the physical features of shock propagation thoroughly is of great importance in improving the prediction precision.

关键词： solar storm, interplanetary shock, interplanetary scintillation, two-step method, ISF method.

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^(40)Ar-^(3.)Ar thermochronology of two ductile shear zones from Yiwulüshan,West Liaoning Region: Age constraints on the Mesozoic tectonic events

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chinese Science Bulletin 2002年第13期47卷 1113-1118页

作者： ZHANG Xiaohui, LI Tiesheng & PU ZhipingResearch Center of Mineral Resources Exploration, institute of Geology and Geophysics, chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100101, China guangzhou institute of Geochemistry, chinese academy of sciences, guangzhou 51 Research Center of Mineral Resources Exploration Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China guangzhou institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China

Two ductile shear zones trending EW and NNE respectively not only controlled the tectonic framework of the northern North China, but also constrained the geody-namic background for gold mineralization in this region. Field observations and microstructural analyses reveal that the EW trending ductile shear zones are mainly contributed to dextral compressional deformation resulting from top-to-the-southeast oblique thrust shearing, whereas the NNE trending ones are genetically related to sinistral strike-slip and extensional faulting. One sample from the former yielded an 40Ar-3.Ar plateau age of (219±4) Ma (Bi) and two samples from the latter gave 40Ar-3.Ar plateau ages of (116± 2) Ma (Bi) and (127±3. Ma (Bi). These ages provide constraints on the top-to-the-southeast oblique thrusting event occurring in Late Triassic and the sinistral extensional and strike-slip faulting event which occurred in Early Cretaceous.

关键词： 40Ar-3.Ar age biotite ductile shear zone West Liaoning Region.

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Global analysis theory of climate system and its applications

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chinese Science Bulletin 2003年第10期48卷 1034-1039页

作者： LI Jianping1,2 & CHOU Jifan2,3.1. LASG, institute of Atmospheric Physics, chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100029, China 2. Department of Atmospheric sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 73.000, China 3. Training Center for China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China Department of Atmospheric sciences Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China LASG Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China

The idea and main theoretical results of the global analysis theory of climate system are briefly summarized in this paper. A theorem on the global behavior of climate system is given, i.e. there exists a global attractor in the dynamical equations of climate, any state of climate system will be evolved into the global attractor as time increases, indicating the nonlinear adjustment process of climate system to external forcing. The different effects of external forcing, dissipation and nonlinearity on the long-term behavior of solutions are pointed out, and some main applications of the global analysis theory are also introduced. Especially, three applications, the adjustment and evolution processes of climate, the principle of numerical model design and the optimally numerical integration, are discussed.

关键词：整体分析理论气侯体系应用不定性计算法则气侯科学数字模型

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Analysis and Modeling on the Spatial Structure of Urban Land Use: A Case of Jinan, China

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chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment 2007年第2期5卷 34-40页

作者： Zhao Huixia1, 3. Zhang Zulu2, Jiang Luguang 1 1. institute of Geographical sciences and Natural Resources Research, chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100101, China 2. College of Population, Resources and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan Shandong 250014, China 3. Graduate School of the chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 10003., China institute of Geographical sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China Graduate School of the chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100039 China College of Population Resources and Environment Shandong Normal University Jinan Shandong 250014 China

Based on the data of urban land use obtained by remote sensing interpretation from aero images in 1986 and 2004, the spatial structure of Jinan is studied in this paper with the method of Geographic Information System (GIS). According to the proportion of land for residence, industry and commerce, the urban district can be distinguished into three rings. Compared with the traditional theory of the ring structure in Western coun- tries, they have many distinctive characteristics. The main func- tions of the inner ring include residence, business and banking, but the proportion of residential land (more than 50%) is considerably higher than that of the cities in Western countries. The land proportion for residence and industry in the intermediate ring is equal on the whole. The main land of the outside ring is for industrial use. From 1986 to 2004, great changes have taken place on the land proportion of different types of use. In the inner ring, the land for residential and industrial use has shrunk much while the land for commercial use has increased. In the intermediate ring, the changes of the three types of land use were not very much and the temporal variation was relatively stable. On the contrary, the structure in the outside ring varies acutely. Though most of it is also for industrial use, the proportion of residential land has in- creased much. The three rings can also be divided into several sectors respectively, according to the function of land use clusters. New trends and mechanisms of the changes of land use impacting the urban structure were proposed in the end of the paper.

关键词： urban land use ring structure sector structure Jinan

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Monitoring of rice crop using ENVISAT ASAR data

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Science China Earth sciences 2006年第7期49卷 755-763页

作者： DONG Yanfang1, 2, SUN Guoqing1,3.& PANG Yong4 1. State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, institute of Remote Sensing Applications, chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100101, China 2. Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 10003., China 3. Department of Geography, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA 4. Forest Remote Sensing Lab, Research institute of Forest Resource and Information Technology, chinese academy of For-estry, Beijing 100091, China 1. State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science Institute of Remote Sensing Applications Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China 2. Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100039 China 3. Department of Geography University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA 4. Forest Remote Sensing Lab Research Institute of Forest Resource and Information Technology Chinese Academy of Forestry Beijing 100091 China

Because of the cloudy conditions during the rice growth period, rice is one of the agri-cultural crops most suited to monitoring with the SAR instruments. Backscatter response measured by SAR is correlated with rice conditions, including height, density, biomass and structure, which are variable at different growing stages. In this paper, multi-date ENVISAT ASAR Alternating Polarization Mode (APMode) imageries were acquired during the rice crop growing cycle. At the same time, the rice parameters were measured in field. A continuous canopy model was used to compute the back-scattering from rice fields during the growth cycle, and the relationship between rice parameters and radar backscattering coefficients from both ASAR and modeling was analyzed. The effects of polari-zation, incidence angle and polarization on radar backscattering coefficients were analyzed. It was found that simulated radar backscatter has similar trends as ASAR data. This will be meaningful for the further research of rice parameters estimation from ASAR data. Different features show signifi-cantly different signatures in ASAR images and they follow some certain laws, so rice area can be accurately mapped by using multi-temporal SAR images, then rice yield can be estimated.

关键词： rice, ASAR, radar backscattering, model.

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Ecological response to the climate change on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang

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Science China Earth sciences 2005年第6期48卷 765-777页

作者： CHEN Xi1, LUO Geping1, XIA Jun2, ZHOU Kefa1, LOU Shaoping3.& YE Minquan4 1. Xinjiang institute of Ecology and Geography, chinese academy of sciences, Urumqi 83.011, China 2. institute of Geographical and Resources {3., chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100101, China 3. Urumqi Meteorological-satellite Land Station, Urumqi 83.011, China 4. Seismological Bureau of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urümqi 83.011, China Correspondence should be addressed to Chen Xi 1. Xinjiang institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences 830011 Urumqi China 2. institute of Geographical and Resources sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 100101 Beijing China 3. Urumqi Meteorological-satellite Land Station 830011 Urumqi China 4. Seismological Bureau of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 830011 Urümqi China

The Tianshan Mountains is a high and huge mountain body lying across the central part of Xinjiang, China, and is also the main area where the runoff forms in Xinjiang. In this paper, a set of RS-based study methods is put forward for deriving the information about the natural change of the ecology in arid areas, and the relationship between the climate change trend and the corresponding ecological response on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains since recent 40 years is analyzed from the scales of the land cover ecosystems and landscapes based on the observed data of climate, hydrology, modern glaciers and lakes on the northern slopes of the Tianshan Mountains since recent 40 years and the satellite RS data since recent 10 years by using the RS and GIS technologies. The results are as follows: (1) The overall trend of climate change on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains since recent 40 years is that both air temperature and precipitation are increased, especially the increase amplitudes of air tempera-ture, precipitation and annual runoff volume are high since the decade of the 1990s; (2) the in-tegrated indexes of the vegetation in all the geographical divisions on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains are obviously increased since recent 10 years, especially in the artificial oases and the foothill belts, such a change trend is advantageous for improving the vegetation ecology; and (3. the vegetation ecology in the arid areas is extremely sensitive to the climate change, the vegetation coverage and the biomass on the northern slope of the Tianshan Moun-tains are continuously increased because of the climate change since recent 10 years, their in-crease amplitudes in the plains and during the late stage are obviously higher than that in the mountainous regions and during the early stage.

关键词： north slope of the Tianshan Mountains, climate change, hydrological change, natural change of ecology,RS and GIS, vegetation index.

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Heterotrophic bacteria of the Dapeng Bay in the south China Sea: community structure,abundance,and the relationships of culturablity with environmental factors

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2010年第4期29卷 88-97页

作者： JIANG Fajun HU Zhangli HU Chaoqun south China Sea institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510301 China Guangxi academy of sciences Nanning 530007 China College of Life sciences Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 China

The community composition,abundance and culturablity of heterotrophic bacterioplankton in the Dapeng Bay of the south China Sea were investigated by morphological method,bacterial cultivation and biochemical methods over an annual *** and Pseudomonas were the predominant genera among the Gram-negative *** bacterioplankton abundance fluctuated from 2.07×10 8 to 2.44×10 9 cells/dm 3.,and culturable bacteria abundance ranged between 0.1×10 6 and 16.07×10 6 CFU/dm 3..The Culturablity of heterotrophic bacteria ranged between 0.01% and 1.3.%.The relationship between bacterial culturablity and the environmental factors was also studied in different sites of the Dapeng *** the bay,a significantly positive relationship was evidenced between bacterial culturability and temperature,meanswhile bacterial culturability was significantly inversely related with *** positive relationship was shown at the central bay while a negative relationship was observed at the bay mouth and there was no significant correlation at top bay between bacterial culturablity and chlorophyll a of sea water.A positive relationship was found between culturability and DIN all the bay,but DIP showed a significantly negative relationship with bacterial culturability only at the mouth of the bay.

关键词： heterotrophic bacteria culturable bacteria culturablity environmental factors

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Application of the moist vorticity vector in the analysis of a heavy rainfall event in North China

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2007年第12期17卷 1457-1465页

作者： Zhao Yu1,2,3. Wang Jianguo4 and Xue Deqiang2(1. Laboratory of Cloud-Precipitation Physics and Severe Storms, institute of Atmospheric Physics, chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100029, China 2. Shandong Provincial Meteorological Observatory, Jinan 25003., China 3. Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 10003., China 4. Shandong Provincial Meteorological Bureau, Jinan 25003., China) Laboratory of Cloud-Precipitation Physics and Severe Storms Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China Shandong Provincial Meteorological Observatory Jinan 250031 China Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100039 China Shandong Provincial Meteorological Bureau Jinan 250031 China

The moist vorticity vector (MVV), defined as (ζa×▽qv)/ρ introduced by Gao et al. is used to study a heavy rainfall event in North China. The MVV has zonal, meridional and vertical components in a three-dimensional framework. Analysis of domain-mean and mass-integrated quantities shows that the variation of the vertical component of the MVV closely follows the variation of the cloud hydrometeors, with a linear correlation coefficient of 0.95, indicating that the vertical component of the MVV is strongly associated with midlatitude convection. Further analysis shows that the vertical component of the MVV reflects the interaction between the horizontal vorticity and the horizontal specific humidity gradient, which can associate dynamic and thermodynamic processes with cloud microphysical processes. Thus, this study can help to understand how the interaction between circulations and clouds aids the development of convection, and the MVV can be used to trace the development and evolution of heavy rainfall.

关键词： moist vorticity vector heavy rainfall modeling study.

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Geophysical survey on the tectonic and sediment distribution of Qinghai Lake basin

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Science China Earth sciences 2006年第8期49卷 851-861页

作者： AN Zhisheng1, WANG Ping2, SHEN Ji3. ZHANG Yixiang2, ZHANG Peizhen4, WANG Sumin3. LI Xiaoqiang1, SUN Qianli1, SONG Yougui1, AI Li1, ZHANG Yechun2, JIANG Shaoren2, LIU Xingqi3.& WANG Yong3.. institute of Earth Environment, chinese academy of sciences (CAS), Xi’an 710075, China 2. south China Sea institute of Oceanology, CAS, guangzhou 5103.1, China 3. Nanjing institute of Geography and Limnology, CAS, Nanjing 210008, China 4. institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100029, China 1. institute of Earth Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Xi’an 710075 China 2. south China Sea institute of Oceanology CAS Guangzhou 510301 China 3. Nanjing institute of Geography and Limnology CAS Nanjing 210008 China 4. institute of Geology China Earthquake Administration Beijing 100029 China

The intensive geophysical survey of Qinghai Lake reveals the buried depth of lake sediments and their distribution features. The result indicates that there are three important inter- phases of Qinghai Lake sediments: T1 is the rife interphase of the lake, above which sediments are spread all over the lake basin with roughly the same thickness; T5 is the interphase from which the neotectonic sedimentary cycle begins, and its above sedimentary environment is relatively stable; Tg is the base of the lake basin. Five west-northwest (WNW) fault belts defined the tectonic structure of Qinghai Lake basin: the central hunch around Haixin Shan with two subbasins both in its north and south. The thickness of the lake sediments varies at different places, the thickest sediments are found within the two subbasins. According to the depth that the Sparker System can reach, sediment in the northern subbasin is deeper than 560 m, while sediment in the southern subbasin is deeper than 700 m. The correlation between the seismic sequence stratigraph and the lithology of onshore core shows that Qinghai Lake sediments consist of muddy silt, clay silt, silty clay, gravel silty clay, etc.

关键词： sediment, geophysical survey, Qinghai Lake.

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Climate instability in the Yili region, Xinjiang during the last glaciation

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chinese Science Bulletin 2000年第17期45卷 1604-1609页

作者： YE Wei, DONG Guangrong, YUAN Yujiang & MA Yingjie1. Xinjiang institute of Ecology and Geography, chinese academy of sciences, Urumqi 83.011, China 2. Department of Geography, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 3.1004, China 3. institute of Desert Research, chinese academy of sciences, Lanzhou 73.000, China 4. Xinjiang institute of Meteorological Research, Urumqi 83.002, China Xinjiang institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences Urumqi China Department of Geography Zhejiang Normal University Jinhua China institute of Desert Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou China Xinjiang institute of Meteorological Research Urumqi China

The climate is influenced by westerlies year in year out and the aeolian loess is widespread in the Yili region, the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Through the study of the loess section with a thickness of 21.5 m, much useful information about climatic change in this region during the last glaciation was gotten. Grain size analysis of loess samples in the section showed that the climatic change in the Yili region was of instability during the last glaciation and similar to those of the North Atlantic Ocean and Greenland. In correspondence with the Heinrich events, the percentage of the size fraction of loess with grain size less than 10 μm decreased in cold stadials in the Yili region. This result suggests that the westerly wind be strengthened during the cold periods. Compared with the stadials, the content of the loess with grain size less than 10 μm was increased in interstadials, which indicated that the strength of the westerly wind was weakened. It is obvious that the climate was instable

关键词： Yili region last glaciation climate instability.

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