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Impact of COVID-19 on Biological Diagnosis of Malaria: Case of the Thierno Mouhamadoul Mansour Barro Hospital in Mbour, Senegal

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2023年第1期13卷 31-40页

作者： Isaac Akhénaton Manga Coura Seye Ameth Dramé Cheikh Binetou Fall souleye lélo Carole Pab Minlekib Marie Pierre Diouf Jean louis Abdourahim Ndiaye Khadime Sylla Babacar Faye Service Parasitologie-Mycologie FMPO UCAD Dakar Senegal Ministry of Health and Social Action Dakar Senegal Hôpital Thierno Mouhamadoul Mansour Barro de Mbour Medical Region of Thiès Mbour Senegal Parasitology-Mycology Department UFR Santé Université Iba Der Thiam de Thiès Thiès Senegal

Background: In Africa, malaria-endemic regions have not been spared from COVID-19 outbreak which emerged in the first quarter of 2020. This pandemic has shown clinical and therapeutic similarities with malaria. This following study sought to determine the impact of COVID-19 on the malaria diagnosis. Method: A review of laboratory registers and an exploitation of the District Health Information Software 2 (DHIS2) to collect information on the diagnosis of malaria by microscopy and by rapid diagnostic test (RDT), but also that of COVID-19 was done from 2017 to 2021 at the Thierno Mouhamadoul Mansour Hospital in Mbour, Senegal. Results: In 2017, 199 Thick drops (TDs) and 1852 RDTs were performed for malaria diagnosis. In 2018, it was 2352 malaria tests with 2138 RDTs and 214 TDs, before reaching a peak of 3943 tests in 2019 including 3742 RDTs and 201 TDs. By 2020, 2263 tests were performed with 2097 malaria RDTs, 158 TDs and 8 COVID RDTs. The latter increased significantly in 2021, reaching 444 COVID RDTs, while TDs and malaria RDT kept decreasing to 147 and 1036 respectively. Positive TDs were higher in 2020 (11.4%) compared to 2017 (3.5%), 2018 (1.4%), 2019 (6.5%) and 2021 (6.8%). For malaria RDTs, a decrease in the number of positive tests was noted between 2017 (4.5%) and 2021 (1.3%). The COVID RDTs were all negative in 2020, 29.5% were positive and 4.1% were undetermined in 2021. Conclusion: COVID-19 has led to changes in efforts to diagnose malaria as well as an increase in malaria prevalence directed towards children under 5 years of age.

关键词： Impact COVID-19 Biological Diagnosis Malaria Senegal

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Acute Thoracic Syndrome in Children: Epidemiological, Diagnostic and Evolutionary Aspects at the Albert Royer National Children’s Hospital in Dakar Senegal

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2023年第6期13卷 763-773页

作者： Guillaye Diagne Papa souleye Sow Khadim Bop Maimouna Sow Idrissa Demba Ba Albert Royer National Children’s Hospital Dakar Senegal

Acute chest syndrome (ACS) is a serious pulmonary complication of sickle cell disease. It is estimated to be responsible for a quarter of deaths in the pediatric sickle cell population. In Senegal, there are not enough pediatric studies in this area. The objective of our study was to determine the epidemiological, diagnostic and evolutionary characteristics of ATS at the Albert Royer National Children’s Hospital (CHNEAR) in Dakar. This was a retrospective study in patients hospitalized at CHNEAR for ATS from January 1, 2021 to March 31, 2022. We included patients hospitalized and diagnosed with ATS. We had collected 102 patients, i.e. a hospital incidence of 2.96%. The average age of the children was 9 years old;the sex ratio was 1.04. The main symptoms on admission were hypoxemia (97.06%), chest pain (77.45%), dyspnea (77.45%) and fever (65.69%). 52.94% of patients had an associated vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC). The chest x-ray was abnormal in 92 patients, a rate of 90.20% and showed images of pneumonia (71%);bronchitis (17.65%) and pleurisy (0.98%). None of the children benefited from a pulmonary ultrasound. The treatment associated with analgesics (100%), broad-spectrum antibiotics (100%), oxygen therapy (100%), hydration (95.09%), transfusion (73.53%), non-ventilation invasive (6.86%), intubation (2.94%) and beta 2 mimetics (12.75%). No patient benefited from incentive spirometry. Almost all of the patients 95.10% (n = 97) had a favorable clinical evolution. However, five children (4.90%) had an unfavorable outcome including one case of complication such as stroke (0.98%) and four (4) cases of death. The average hospital stay was 8 days. ATS is common in children with sickle cell disease in Senegal and its etiologies seem to be dominated by infectious causes in our context.

关键词： Acute Chest Syndrome Sickle Cell Disease Children Senegal

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Pneumothorax in Children: Epidemiological Diagnostic and Evolutionary Aspects at the Albert Royer National Children’s Hospital in Dakar

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2023年第5期13卷 663-668页

作者： Guillaye Diagne Khadim Bop Papa souleye Sow Mohamed Mbodj Serigne Tawa Ndiaye Idrissa Demba Ba Department of Pediatric Pulmonology Albert Royer National Children’s Hospital of Dakar Dakar Senegal

Pneumothorax is defined by the presence of air between the parietal pleura and the visceral pleura. Most of the child’s pneumothorax is traumatic. The spontaneous pneumothorax (PS) of the child is rare, and often associated with a favoring factor. When it is large, it can affect the life expectancy. The objective of our study was to determine the epidemiological, diagnostic and evolutionary aspects of pneumothorax in children aged 0 to 15 years, hospitalized at the Albert Royer National Children’s Hospital in Dakar. This is a retrospective descriptive study of patient records followed at the Albert Royer National Children’s Hospital (CHNEAR) for the management of a pneumothorax during the period from 2020 to 2022. During our study, 15 patients were hospitalized for pneumothorax, with an average annual incidence of 7.5 cases per year. The sex ratio (H/F) was 2.03. The average age was 3.7 years. Chest pain was present in 27% of patients, dyspnea was found in 93%, and cough in 87% of patients. All patients underwent chest radiography and the location of the pneumothorax was predominant on the right in 60% of cases. Thoracic drainage was performed in 93.3% of patients associated with etiological treatment. The average length of hospitalization was 27.8 days with a cure rate of 86.7% and a recurrence rate of 13.3%.

关键词： Pneumothorax Drainage Children Dakar

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Wild Fruits Traditionally Gathered by the Malinke Ethnic Group in the Edge of Niokolo Koba Park (Senegal)

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2014年第9期5卷 1306-1317页

作者： Mathieu Gueye Nicolas Cyrille Ayessou souleye Koma Seydina Diop leonard Elie Akpo Papa Ibra Samb Department of Plant Biology Faculty of Science and Technology UCAD Dakar Senegal laboratoire de Formation Continue en Industries Agroalimentaires Ecole Supérieure Polytechnique Université Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Senegal laboratory of Botany Department of Botany and Geology UMI 3189 IFAN Ch. A. Diop Dakar Senegal

In rural areas, the local population draws from several forest resources needed for survival including food. Then it is a granary for these native people. Unfortunately, useful wild plants are highly threatened, especially by various human activities. Because of this situation we started with open semi-structured interviews to identify wild fruit plants, their consumed organs and their seasonality in the rural community of Tomboronkoto. Tomboronkoto is located at the edge of the Niokolo-Koba National park (Senegal) and is mainly inhabited by Malinke. We identified 45 wild fruit species belonging to 38 genera that can be divided in 28 botanical families. The more diversified are successively the Anacardiaceae, Tiliaceae, Apocynaceae and Caesalpiniaceae. More than half of the plants inventoried are trees (53%). We can distinguish three categories of fruits depending on their Fidelity level (Fl) that informs us about their popularity: the well-known or common fruits, moderately known fruits and little known fruits. A dozen wild fruits happen to be greatly appreciated with very high fidelity level (100% to 84%). The fruits of Saba senegalensis, Adansonia digitata, Parkia biglobosa, Tamarindus indica and Vitellaria paradoxa are the most variously used because they are appreciated being fresh or cooked. Only fruits of Ficussur are available all year long. The large majority of the most consumed fruits are available between the end of the hot dry season until the middle of the rainy season. This period coincides with the period where crops from the previous rainy season are depleted and the new crops are not yet ripe. Thus, these wild fruits would greatly contribute to food security in this area during the lean period.

关键词： Ethnobotany Traditional Knowledge Wild Edible Fruits Malinke Senegal

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Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic Infection among Pre-School and School-Aged Children Attending to Fann University Hospital, Dakar: Results from Retrospective Analysis

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2022年第4期12卷 847-860页

作者： Khadime Sylla Doudou Sow souleye lelo Cheikh B. Fall Isaac Akhenaton Manga Magatte Ndiaye Babacar Faye Thérèse Dieng Roger Clement Tine Département de Parasitologie-Mycologie Faculté de Médecine Pharmacie et Odontologie Université Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Sénégal laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie Centre National Hospitalier Universitaire Fann Dakar Sénégal Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie UFR Sciences de la Santé Université Gaston Berger Saint-Louis Sénégal laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie Centre National Hospitalier d’enfant Albert Royer Dakar Sénégal

Background: Intestinal parasitic infections represent a major public health problem worldwide. Pre-school and school children have a high risk of infection. The study aimed to determine the epidemiological aspects of intestinal parasitic infections in preschool and school-aged children in Dakar, Senegal. Methods: A retrospective analysis of laboratory records from preschool and school-aged children referred to the laboratory of Parasitology at the Fann University Hospital in Dakar, Senegal, was carried out. The analysis of the period from 2016 to 2020. Stool samples were examined for the presence of parasites using direct, formal-ether concentration method and the Modified Ziehl Neelsen staining technique. Descriptive and analytic analysis was performed with Stata MP 16.1 software. Results: The overall prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection was 26.8% (429/1603). Blastocystis sp. (34%), Entamaeba coli (28%), Giardia intestinalis (9.6%), Endolimax nana (4.9%) and Ascaris lumbricoides (3.5%) were the common parasites found. Out of the 429 children positive for intestinal parasites, protozoa parasites represent 93.9%. Single infection and mixed infection represent 83.7% and 16.3%. The most prevalent associations were E. coli + Blastocystis sp. (6.3%), E. coli + E. nana (3.3%), and G. intestinalis + Blastocystis sp. (1.9%). Children between the ages of 5 - 10 years and those over 10 years had the most parasitic infections with 28.1% [aOR = 1.91;95% CI (1.25 - 2.89)] and 27.4% [aOR = 11.92 (1.07 - 3.07)]. According to the year of sample collection, the prevalence was higher in 2017, 32.6% [aOR = 1.49 (1.11 - 2.01]. The prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection was not significantly related to gender (p = 0.87), season (p = 0.85) and symptomatology (p = 0.19). The main clinical symptoms were dysenteric syndrome, dyspeptic disorders, constipation and abdominal pain. Intestinal parasite carriage in patients with acute diarrhea was 20.4%. In HIV positive with chronic

关键词： Intestinal Parasites Children Epidemiology Senegal

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Ischemic Stroke Complicating Neuromeningeal and Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Children: About a Case in Senegal

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2023年第1期13卷 92-96页

作者： Papa souleye Sow Khadim Bop Khalifa Ababacar Mbaye Guillaye Diagne Pape Malick Dibor Diouf Idrissa Demba Ba Papa Moctar Faye Amadou lamine Fall Ousmane Ndiaye National Hospital Center of Children Albert Royer Dakar Sénégal National Hospital Center of Fann Dakar Sénégal

Tuberculosis is a major public health problem, especially in developing countries. Neuro-meningeal involvement is rare but represents one of the most severe forms with high morbidity and mortality. We report the case of an ischemic stroke complicating neuromeningeal and pulmonary tuberculosis in a four-month-old infant at the National Hospital Center of children Albert Royer (Senegal). The case was a four-month-old, male infant with no history. His vaccination was up to date according to Senegal’s expanded vaccination program. There was no notion of tuberculosis contagion. He was seen for a prolonged fever for more than a month and chronic cough. He had moderate malnutrition. Neurological examination revealed coma, meningeal syndrome, generalized tonic convulsions and hypertonia. The pupils were in bilateral miosis. Osteotendinous reflexes were abolished with a bilateral Babinski sign. He also had severe respiratory distress, bilateral pulmonary condensation syndrome. Brain computed tomography was in favor of an ischemic stroke. The test GeneXpert MTB/RIF was positive on cerebrospinal fluid and gastric tubing fluid. The curative treatment was based on a quadruple therapy based on rifampicin, isoniazid, pirazinamide and ethambutol. The evolution was unfavorable with the death of the patient.

关键词： Tuberculosis Meningitis Child Senegal

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Prevalence and Risk Factors of Vaginal Trichomoniasis in Women: Study at the University Hospital of Pikine in the Suburbs of Dakar, Senegal

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2023年第2期13卷 291-302页

作者： Isaac Akhénaton Manga David Ngom Marie Pierre Diouf Carole Pab Minlekib souleye lelo Cheikh Binetou Fall Khadime Sylla Doudou Sow Jean louis Ndiaye Magatte Ndiaye Roger Clément Tine Babacar Faye Parasitology-Mycology Department Faculty of Medicine-Pharmacy-Odontology Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal Gynecology Department Keur Massar Health Centre Dakar Senegal Parasitology-Mycology laboratory University Hospital of Pikine Dakar Senegal Parasitology-Mycology Department UFR Santé Gaston Berger University Saint Louis Senegal Parasitology-Mycology Department UFR Santé Iba Der Thiam University Thiès Senegal

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the epidemiology of genital trichomoniasis in Senegal. It sought to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with this condition in Senegal. Methodology: The study took place at the university hospital of Pikine in the suburbs of Dakar. For each of the women recruited, socio-demographic data, clinical examination data and the results of direct examination of the vaginal sample were collected in a questionnaire designed for this purpose. Results: A total of 312 women with a mean age of 31.13 (±8.41) years were recruited in this study. The majority of these women (59.94%;95% CI = 54.25 - 65.38), were seen for an infectious diseases assessment. leucorrhea (58.33%;95% CI = 52.63 - 63.83) and genital discharge on vaginal touch (99.36%;95% CI = 97.45 - 99.89) were the predominant signs on clinical examination. The overall prevalence of vaginal trichomoniasis after direct examination of the specimens was 1.28% (95% CI = 0.41 - 3.47). Only the distribution of this prevalence by occupation was statistically significant (p = 0.0004). Conclusion: The low prevalence of genital trichomoniasis in women and the risk factors associated with it found in this study, which took place about ten years ago, should prompt an update of the data to better define the problem in Senegal.

关键词： Vaginal Trichomoniasis Prevalence Risk Factors Dakar Suburb Senegal

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Study of the Frequency of Superficial Candidiasis at the Fann National Hospital: Search for Candida auris

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2023年第4期13卷 536-549页

作者： Carole Pab Minlekib Doudou Sow Isaac Akhenaton Manga Mamadou Dia Marie Pierre Fatou Diouf Aminata lam Cheikh Binetou Fall souleye lelo Magatte Ndiaye Khadim Sylla Jean louis Abdourahim Ndiaye Roger Clement Kouly Tine Thèrèse Dieng Babacar Faye Department of Parasitology and Mycology Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal Department of Parasitology and Mycology Gaston Berger University Saint Louis Senegal laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology CHNU of Fann Dakar Senegal

Background: Superficial candidiasis is a very frequent opportunistic disease caused by yeasts of the genus Candida. Among Candida types, some, such as Candida auris, have developed resistance to several antifungal agents. The objective of this study was to determine the hospital frequency of superficial candidiasis diagnosed at the CHU Fann and to investigate the presence of C. auris among the identified Candida strains. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from February to June 2019. It involved all patients received at the Parasitology-Mycology laboratory of the CHU of Fann for suspected superficial candidiasis. Nails, skin, and vaginal specimens were subjected to direct examination and culture to identify yeasts of the genus Candida. The Candida strains were then tested by molecular biology targeting the specific C. auris ITS2 region. Results: A total of 1196 patients were examined. One thousand two hundred and five specimens (1205) were collected, including 1042 vaginal specimens, 92 nail specimens, and 71 skin specimens. Superficial candidiasis was diagnosed in 408 patients (37%). Women (34.52%) and patients under 30 years of age (39.60%) were the most affected. Yeasts of the genus Candida were found in 411 specimens (349 vaginal swabs, 36 nail fragments, and 26 skin flakes) by routine mycological techniques. The Candida albicans complex (C. albicans, C. dubliniensis, and C. africana) represented 75.91% of the Candida strains isolated. Molecular biology did not identify C. auris. Conclusion: Superficial candidiasis remains very common in hospitals in Senegal. Candida auris was not found in our study. Due to its rapid spread, surveillance is necessary to prevent epidemics in our hospitals.

关键词： Superficial Candidiasis C. auris Frequency Senegal

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Neonatal Mortality in Rural Area in Senegal

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2022年第2期12卷 325-331页

作者： Aliou Mar Coundoul Amadou Sow Modou Gueye Djibril Boiro Fatou Ndiaye Guilaye Diagne Aminata Mbaye Awa Kane Mohameth Mbodj Khadim Bop Serigne Tawa Ndiaye Papa souleye Sow Ndeye Fatou Sow Mame Aita Seck Mohamed Fattah Papa Moctar Faye Amadou lamine Fall Ousmane Ndiaye Albert Royer National Hospital Center Dakar Senegal Abass Ndao Hospital Center Dakar Senegal

Most newborn deaths occur in two regions of the world, South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. In Senegal, much progress has been made over the past two decades with a reduction in overall infant mortality by 38%. However, the decline in neonatal mortality has been slower during the same period. The objective of this study is to assess neonatal mortality, to determine the different causes and to make recommendations for improving care in rural areas. This is a retrospective study with a descriptive and analytical aim carried out in the pediatrics department of the Diourbel regional hospital, 130 km from Dakar, the Senegalese capital, over a 12-month period from January 1 to January 31, December 2018. All newborns hospitalized in the pediatric ward during the study period were included. Overall mortality was 30.6%, newborns between 0 and 7 days accounted for 90.6% of deaths, INBORNs accounted for 62.3% of deaths. Newborns whose mother’s age was between 20 and 35 years of age accounted for 69.3% of deaths. Newborns of first-time mothers accounted for 40.2% of deaths and those of multiparous mothers 31%. Newborns who did not reach term accounted for 58.9% of deaths. Newborns admitted for respiratory distress represented the majority of deaths 45.5% (n = 93) followed by those with low birth weight 32.5 (n = 65) followed by those with neurological manifestations 30.5 (n = 62). Conclusion: Neonatal mortality is very high in the Diourbel region and the main cause is the lack of human resources and a very insufficient technical platform. The fight against this mortality involves improving the technical platform and recruiting sufficient and well-trained staff.

关键词： Mortality Neonatal Rural Area Senegal

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