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Solid Waste Management in the Town of Maradi in Niger Republic

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2015年第4期6卷 359-373页

作者： Hassidou Saidou soulé Aminou Faculty of Sciences and Technology University of Maradi Maradi Republic of Niger

As in many towns of African countries, the waste management, in particularly solid constitutes a major problem for the municipal authorities of Maradi. The aim of this study is to make a diagnosis of the present system of waste management in the town of Maradi. To achieve this goal, interviews with municipal authorities, cleaning up and health technicians have been made, as well as investigations among households. According to the health technicians of the town, the causes due to the problem of waste management in Maradi town are: collecting capatown insufficient, lack of effective sensitization of people, undeveloped and uncontrolled rubbish dumps, lack of gutter and its maintenance, and insufficient and unqualified human resources. As to the authorities, they denounce always the attitude and the behavior of citizens on the waste issue. The waste evacuation is done by municipal collecting or by depositing in wild rubbish dump. Some people eliminate their waste by burning or duping in the streets or in their houses. According to our investigations, 52% of population evacuates their waste daily. The satisfaction rate of municipal collecting is for 32%. The analysis showed that the present system of waste management in Maradi town was failing. As to solutions, we proposed to equip the technical offices with appropriated material and financial means, reinforce the involved actor’s capacities and make in application the operatives regulations for the waste management.

关键词： Solid Waste Management Maradi Niger Republic

Biological and Economic Efficiency of Partial Dietary Substitution of Soybean (Glycine max) Meal with Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) Meal in Broiler Production

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Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment 2023年第3期12卷 296-305页

作者： Edmore Bumhira Denice Chikwanda soul Washaya Godfrey Nyamushamba Department of Animal Production and Technology Chinhoyi University of Technology Chinhoyi Zimbabwe Department of Animal Science Women’s University in Africa Harare Zimbabwe

This manuscript explores the biological and economic efficiency of partial dietary substitution of soybean (Glycine max) meal with cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) meal in broiler production. As a result of the shortage of soybean in Zimbabwe due to droughts, inadequate irrigation infrastructure, high input costs, and price controls, the authors identified an alternative to soybean meal in cowpea meal due to its availability and similar amino acid profile to soybean meal. The experiment was carried out at Cold Storage Company in Kadoma. A total of 150 unsexed day-old broiler chicks (Cobb 500) were used. All the birds were brooded in one pen during the first two weeks of age and fed with standard broiler starter mash from National Foods PVT LTD for adaptation. The birds were randomly allocated into five equal groups, each with three replicates and 10 birds per replicate at three weeks of age. Five experimental diets: T1 (100% soybean meal + 0% cowpeas meal), T2 (75% soybean meal + 25% cowpeas meal), T3 (50% soybean meal + 50% cowpeas meal), T4 (25% soybean meal + 75% cowpeas meal) and T5 (0% soybean meal + 100% cowpeas meal) were formulated to be iso-caloric and iso-nitrogenous to meet nutrient requirements of broilers according to NRC (2001). Ration formulation using maize, soybean and cowpea meal as ingredients for broiler starter (21% Crude Protein) and broiler finisher (19% Crude Protein) was done using the Pearson Square Method. Feed intake (g) and weight gain (g) were recorded weekly. Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) and bioeconomic efficiency were calculated weekly. The experiment lasted for five weeks. The results showed that total Dry Matter Intake for Treatment 1 was the highest (3285 g), and Dry Matter Intakes for Treatments 2, 3 and 4 (3284 g, 3284 g and 3284 g) were not significantly different (P > 0.05) and Dry Matter Intake for Treatment 5 was the lowest (3282 g). Weight gains for Treatments 1 and 2 (2089 g and 2089 g) were not different (P > 0.05), Treatments 3

关键词： Anti-Nutritional Factors FCR Feed Intake Growth Performance

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Impacts of Terrorism on Biodiversity Management in West Africa Sahel:A Review

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Research in Ecology 2022年第3期4卷 20-29页

作者： Lawrence Nyarko Fletcher Sakina Maman Bawa Moussa soulé West African Centre for Sustainable Rural Transformation(WAC-SRT) Faculty of Science and TechniquesUniversity Abdou Moumouni of NiameyNiger Department of Biology Faculty of Sciences and Techniques(FST)University Dan Dicko Dankoulodo of Maradi(UDDM)MaradiNiger

Over the past 50 years,a number of homegrown solutions and international development assistance have been initiated and implemented to address the West Africa Sahel region’s biodiversity resources *** ranges from indigenous/community led natural resources regeneration and land restoration techniques,funding and technical support in developing protected areas,military aid,specialized training of forest rangers and massive education of populace on biodiversity *** activities have negatively affected the biodiversity management in West Africa ***,there is a paucity of information about the impacts of terrorist activities on biodiversity management in West ***,this study tries to close this knowledge gap by describing and highlighting the impact of terrorism on biodiversity in West Africa *** authors used a systematic review of data through search engines like Google scholar,Z-library,Mendeley,Researchgate and Jstor for reports,scientific articles,books,field notes and other already published *** authors also consulted videos and media reports on YouTube,France24,PBS news *** study highlighted the key impacts of terrorist activities on biodiversity *** of these include the kidnaping of foresters,hijacking and controlling the management protected area like the case of Park W,destroying forest/bush fires,the use of explosive and *** activities destroy animals’habitats and therefore causing biodiversity *** authors recommend the enhancement of the framework of protect areas,enhance the management of conflicts between population around protected areas as some sustainable solutions to biodiversity *** Sahel states should strengthen their cooperation in building the capacities of the citizens in reducing the viability of terrorism through sustainable green jobs.

关键词： Terrorism Biodiversity West Africa Sahel Management

Feasibility Analysis of MERIS as a Tool for Monitoring Lake Guiers (Senegal) Water Quality

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2016年第1期8卷 100-119页

作者： Seybatou Diop souléye Wade Moshood N. Tijani Institute of Earth Sciences Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar Dakar Senegal Department of Geology University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria

ENVISAT/MERIS scenes of Lake Guiers covering the period 2003-2010 were processed for concentration retrieval of chlorophyll a (CHLa), suspended particulate matter (SPM) and colored fraction of dissolved organic matter (CDOM), i.e. the three main parameters relevant to the water quality management of the lake. Estimates in the range of 30 - 117 μg CHLa L-1 (average 62.13 μg·L-1), 0.10 - 29.0 mg SPM L-1 (average 22.01 mg·L-1), and 1.10 - 1.90 CDOM m-1 (average 1.33 m-1) were recorded, suggesting the possibility of occasional poor quality waters in some compartments of the lake. The values calculated as part of this study are consistent with literature data. On the basis of these estimates, interpretations were made as to the feasibility of applying MERIS data for synoptic environmental monitoring purposes. The data were subjected to statistical analysis, including regression analysis and significance tests. Estimates of CHLa and CDOM revealed some level of correlation, which suggests that phytoplankton biomass degradation may account for nearly 47% of the dissolved optical compounds CDOM. Notable areas of high CHLa and CDOM concentrations are found in the southern inshore zone, an environment with less water agitation. In contrast, SPM concentrations tend to increase in environments of very shallow water marked by high water turbulence and bottom mobility. However, it was not possible to fully assess the model performance and detection accuracy of the results due to lack of ground truths. Nonetheless, the results show concentrations that compared well with the insitu data from earlier studies and data reported elsewhere from other lacustrine systems. Therefore, it can be inferred from this study that MERIS data present a useful low-cost (i.e. cost effective and readily available) approach for environmental monitoring of Lake Guiers waters with excellent spatial coverage. In addition, the study highlight

关键词： Lake Guiers MERIS Environmental Monitoring Water Quality Chlorophyll a Suspended Particulate Matter Colored Dissolved Organic Matter

P16/Ki-67对宫颈细胞学正常的高危型HPV阳性患者预后的价值

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南京医科大学学报（自然科学版） 2020年第12期40卷 1768-1773页

作者：方钦 soul Hassanati 房园园邢燕南京医科大学第一附属医院妇产科江苏南京210029

目的:探讨p16/Ki-67双染检测对宫颈细胞学正常的高危型HPV阳性患者病情转归的预测意义。方法:收集2017年5—7月在南京医科大学第一附属医院妇产科就诊的168例宫颈薄层液基细胞学检查(thinprep cytologic test,TCT)正常的高危型人乳头瘤... 详细信息

目的:探讨p16/Ki-67双染检测对宫颈细胞学正常的高危型HPV阳性患者病情转归的预测意义。方法:收集2017年5—7月在南京医科大学第一附属医院妇产科就诊的168例宫颈薄层液基细胞学检查(thinprep cytologic test,TCT)正常的高危型人乳头瘤病毒(human papillomavirus,HPV)阳性并排除宫颈病变的患者,进行为期2年的随访,根据转归结果评估p16/Ki-67双染检测与病情进展的关系。结果:①转归结局:88例(52.4%)消退,54例(32.1%)持续,26例(15.5%)进展;②单因素分析:患者年龄、初次HC2 HPV检测值、初次cobas HPV的分型结果与TCT正常的高危型HPV患者病情进展无明显相关关系(P>0.05),而p16/Ki-67双染检测阳性与病情进展明显相关(P<0.001);多因素分析:p16/Ki-67双染检测阳性是TCT正常的高危型HPV阳性患者病情进展的危险因素;③55例p16/Ki-67双染检测阳性患者中19例(34.5%)病情进展,113例p16/Ki-67双染检测阴性患者中7例(6.2%)病情进展,二者差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。p16/Ki-67双染检测阳性预测病情进展的灵敏度为73.1%,特异度为74.7%,阳性预测值为34.5%,阴性预测值为93.8%;④高危型HPV的自然变化:152例患者完成2年随访,HPV转阴率随时间增加,P16/Ki-67双染检测阴性组患者高危型HPV转阴率均高于阳性组患者(P<0.05)。结论:P16/Ki-67双染检测阳性是宫颈细胞学正常的高危型HPV阳性患者病情进展和HPV转阴的危险因素,对病情进展有一定的预测价值,可用于该类患者的分流。

关键词： p16/Ki-67 细胞学正常人乳头瘤病毒随访

Climate Change and Biodiversity in West Africa Sahel: A Review

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Research in Ecology 2022年第3期4卷 30-41页

作者： Gnanki Mariam Lafia N’gobi Kalamboli Danani Moussa soulé West African Centre for Sustainable Transformation(WAC-SRT) Faculty of Science and TechniquesAbdou Moumouni University of NiameyNiger Department of Biology Faculty of Sciences and Techniques(FST)University Dan Dicko Dankoulodo of Maradi(UDDM)MaradiNiger

Climate change has many effects on *** studies have focused on the consequences of climate change on biodiversity in West Africa Sahel which is one of the most sensitive regions to climate ***,this study examined the different effects of climate change on biodiversity in West Africa Sahel to guide climate *** authors used Google Scholar,Mendeley,ResearchGate,Science-direct,and selected websites of institutions in West Africa and the Sahel for the literature review,with selected keywords in French and English via Boolean operators from 2000 to *** results identified many manifestations of climate change such as drought,lightning,floods,high winds,heavy rains,diseases,extreme heat,and conflicts that affect living things in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems in these *** example,15,000 animals died in Niger and 26,000 in Mali due to flood-related *** Burkina,41 people died,112 injured,and 12,378 households were left homeless in 13 *** Senegal,water stress in the basin is increasingly close to 5,800 m^(3) per person per *** pressure and planned irrigation projects along Niger and Senegal Rivers have resulted in a significant 25%-60%decline in flows over the past 30 years,causing increasingly severe low flows,frequent interruptions in water flows,drying up of reservoirs and reduced water supply to *** harvesting,afforestation,soil fertility regeneration practices and crop diversification are some biodiversity restoration activities limiting climate change effects in the Sahelian countries of West *** practices have contributed to strengthening the resilience of ecosystems in most of ***,priority should be given to policies that raise communities’awareness on the importance of biodiversity conservation and take sustainable and innovative measures to deal with the consequences of floods,droughts,and heat waves,which are the most severe.

关键词： Climate change Biodiversity education Ecosystems Biodiversity finance West Africa Sahel

地方规划决策制度的创新与演进——以上海和深圳的规划委员会制度为例

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城市规划学刊 2019年第6期 87-93页

作者：侯丽孙睿同济大学建筑与城市规划学院高密度人居环境生态与节能教育部重点实验室哈佛大学政府系

改革开放以来伴随着土地市场化进程不断深入,地方政府与城市规划职能管理部门在详细规划决策上面临着越来越大的外界压力。通过技术规范与制度约束,中国规划体系自计划经济传统时期延续下来的较大的自由裁量权不断受到挤压以往的研究较... 详细信息

改革开放以来伴随着土地市场化进程不断深入,地方政府与城市规划职能管理部门在详细规划决策上面临着越来越大的外界压力。通过技术规范与制度约束,中国规划体系自计划经济传统时期延续下来的较大的自由裁量权不断受到挤压以往的研究较为关注通过规划的技术规范增强规划的刚性,然而各地在诠释国家技术标准和强制性内容上仍然拥有较大的灵活变通能力。尝试通过追溯1980年代以来上海和深圳两地规划决策制度的变迁,尤其是如何通过规委会制度创新引入专家决策,从而总结规划自由裁量权在地方分配与再分配的逻辑与发展历程。尽管深沪两地规划制度决策制度创新的程度和逻辑各不相同,但在借助规划专家巩固规划专业权威、促进审批程序规范透明上具有共通性,并且两种制度设计都有效提高了控规变更的技术和政治门槛。

关键词：规划管理规划制度规划委员会历史

Effects of glutamine-containing total parenteral nutrition on phagocytic activity and anabolic hormone response in rats undergoing gastrectomy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第6期11卷 817-822页

作者： Chen-Hsien Lee Wan-Chun Chiu soul-Chin Chen Chih-Hsiung Wu Sung-Ling Yeh Institute of Nutrition and Health Sciences Department of Surgery

AIM: To investigate the effect of glutamine (Gln)-containing parenteral nutrition on phagocytic activity and to elucidate the possible roles of Gln in the secretion of anabolic hormones and nitrogen balance in rats undergoing a gastrectomy. METHODS: Rats with an internal jugular catheter were divided into 2 experimental groups and received total parenteral nutrition (TPN). The TPN solutions were isonitrogenous and identical in nutrient compositions except for differences in amino acid content. One group received conventional TPN (control), and in the other group, 25% of the total amino acid nitrogen was replaced with Gin. After receiving TPN for 3 d, one-third of the rats in each experimental group were sacrificed as the baseline group. The remaining rats underwent a partial gastrectomy and were killed 1 and 3 d, respectively, after surgery. Plasma, peritoneal lavage fluid (PLF), and urine samples were collected for further analysis. RESULTS: The Gln group had fewer nitrogen losses 1 and 2 d after surgery (d1, 16.6±242.5 vs-233.4±205.9 mg/d, d2, 31.8±238.8 vs-253.4±184.6 mg/d, P<0.05). There were no differences in plasma growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 levels between the 2 groups before or after surgery. The phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages was higher in the Gln group than in the control group 1 d after surgery (A 1185±931 vs323±201, P<0.05). There were no differences in the phagocytic activities of blood polymorphonuclear neutrophils between the 2 groups at the baseline or on the postoperative days. No significant differences in interleukin-1β or interleukin-6 concentrations in PLF were observed between the 2 groups. However, tumor necrosis factor-α level in PLF was significantly lower in the Gln group than in the control group on postoperative d 3. CONCLUSION: TPN supplemented with Gln can improve the nitrogen balance, and enhance macrophage phagocytic activity at the site of injury. However, Gin supplementation has no effect on p

关键词： Parenteral Nutrition Glutamine Phagocytosis Gastrectomy

Farmer Participatory Evaluation of Sorghum Hybrid in Niger

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Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment 2023年第4期12卷 386-396页

作者： Mamadou Ibrahim Aissata Hamé Abdou Kadi Kadi Abdelkader Mahaman soulé Zakari Moussa Ousmane Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique du Niger (INRAN) Niamey Niger Faculté d’Agronomie Université Abdou Moumouni (UAM) Niamey Niger

Participatory varietal selection (PVS) with farmers and Seed Companies was conducted at Maradi research station (07°05'E/13°48'N) and in farmer field to evaluate and select sorghum hybrid varieties for high yield and other important agronomic traits. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with three replications where flowering (days), plant height (cm) and yield (kg) were collected. The analysis of variance showed highly significance among treatments of all traits measured Environment and Genotype by Environment interactions also contributed significantly to the performance of yield components. The highest average grain yield was recorded from hybrids P9511A x ST9007-5-2-1 (4289 kg/ha), NE223A x 90SN1 (3666 kg/ha), NE223A x Sepon 82 (3533 kg/ha) and NE223A x P9405 (3519 kg/ha) across locations. Farmers’ preferences were the panicle size, good seed set, earliness, and seed color. Hence, in a variety selection farmer’s preferences focus more on prioritized yield-related trait. The best varieties ranked by traits of interest were P9511A x ST9007-5-2-1, NE223A x 90SN1, NE223A x P9405 and P9511A x SEPON 82 that performed well under their circumstances. The results showed that farmers’ preferred varieties match with researchers. Therefore, based on objectively measured traits, farmers’ preferences and the agro ecologies of the site, varieties NE223A x 90SN1 and P9511A x ST9007-5-2-1 were found promising for production.

关键词： Sorghum Breeding Multi-Location Testing Participatory Approaches Yield Niger