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Behavioral evidence for contextual olfactory-mediated avoidance of the ubiquitous phytopathogen Botrytis cinerea by Drosophila suzukii

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Insect Science 2020年第4期27卷 771-779页

作者： Dong H.Cha Stephen P.Hesler Gabrielle Brind'Amour karen S.Wentworth Sara Villani kerik D.Cox Matthew T.Boucher Anna Wallingford Shinyoung k.Park Jan Nyrop Gregory M.Loeb USDA-ARS US Pacific Basin Agricultural Research CenterHiloHawaiiUSA Department of Entomology Cornell AgriTechCornell UniversityGenevaNew YorkUSA Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section Cornell AgriTechCornell UniversityGenevaNew YorkUSA

Herbivorous insects may benefit from avoiding the smell produced by phytopathogens infecting plant host tissue if the infected tissue reduces insect ***,in many cases the same species of phytopathogen can also infect host plant tissues that do not directly affect herbivore ***,insects may benefit from differentiating between pathogen odors emanating from food and nonfood *** is based on the hypothesis that unecessarily staying attentive to pathogen odor from nonfood tissue may incur opportunity costs associated with not responding to other important survival *** this study adults of Drosophila suzukii Matsumura,an invasive larval frugivore,showed reduced attraction to the odor of raspberry fruit,a food tissue,when infected with Botrytis cinerea Pers.,a ubiquitous phytopathogen,in favor of odors of uninfected raspberry ***,*** oviposited fewer eggs on infected raspberry fruit relative to uninfected raspberry *** survival and adult size after eclosion were significantly reduced when reared on ***-infected raspberry relative to uninfected ***,when the behavioral choice experiment was repeated using Botrytis-infected vsuninfected strawberry leaves,a nonfood tissue,in combination with fresh raspberry fruit,odor from ***-infected leaves did not reduce *** attraction to raspberries rel-ative to raspberries with uninfected *** behavioral results illustrate the important role context can play in odor-mediated interactions between insects,plants and *** discuss implications of our findings for developing a repellent that can be useful for the management of ***.

关键词： chemical ecology host finding behavior insect-microbe interactions pest management repellent semiochemicals

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Mercury bioaccumulation in aquatic biota along a salinity gradient in the Saint John River estuary

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2018年第6期30卷 41-54页

作者： Bethany L.Reinhart karen A.kidd R.Allen Curry Nelson J.O’Driscoll Scott A.Pavey Department of Biology and Canadian Rivers Institute University of New Brunswick Saint John Saint John New Brunswick E2L4L5 Canada Department of Biology Forestry and Environmental Management and Canadian Rivers Institute University of New Brunswick Fredericton New Brunswick E3B4A3 Canada Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences Acadia University Wolfville Nova Scotia B4P2R6 Canada Department of Biology and School of Geography & Earth Sciences McMaster University Hamilton Ontario LSS 4K1 Canada

Although estuaries are critical habitats for many aquatic species, the spatial trends of toxic methylmercury（MeHg） in biota from fresh to marine waters are poorly understood. Our objective was to determine if MeHg concentrations in biota changed along a salinity gradient in an estuary. Fourspine Stickleback（Apeltes quadracus）, invertebrates（snails,amphipods, and chironomids）, sediments, and water were collected from ten sites along the Saint John River estuary, New Brunswick, Canada in 2015 and 2016, with salinities ranging from 0.06 to 6.96. Total mercury（proxy for MeHg） was measured in whole fish and MeHg was measured in a subset of fish, pooled invertebrates, sediments, and water. Stable sulfur（δ34S）, carbon（δ13 C）, and nitrogen（δ15N） isotope values were measured to assess energy sources（S, C） and relative trophic level（N）. There were increases in biotic δ13C and δ34S from fresh to more saline sites and these measures were correlated with *** aqueous MeHg was higher at the freshwater than more saline sites, only chironomid MeHg increased significantly with salinity. In the Saint John River estuary, there was little evidence that MeHg and its associated risks increased along a salinity gradient.

关键词： Stickleback Amphipod Methylmercury Biomagnification Stable isotopes Food web

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Neonatal lamb mortality:major risk factors and the potential ameliorative role of melatonin

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2021年第2期12卷 451-461页

作者： Tom Flinn David O.kleemann Alyce M.Swinbourne Jennifer M.kelly Alice C.Weaver Simon k.Walker kathryn L.Gatford karen L.kind William H.E.J.van Wettere Davies Livestock Research Centre School of Animal and Veterinary SciencesThe University of AdelaideRoseworthySAAustralia Turretfield Research Centre South Australian Research and Development InstituteRosedaleSAAustralia Robinson Research Institute Adelaide Medical SchoolThe University of AdelaideAdelaideSAAustralia

High incidences of pre-weaning mortality continue to limit global sheep production,constituting a major economic and welfare *** significant advances in genetics,nutrition,and management,the proportion of lamb deaths has remained stable at 15–20%over the past four *** is mounting evidence that melatonin can improve outcomes in compromised ovine pregnancies via enhanced uterine bloodflow and neonatal *** review provides an overview of the major risk factors and underlying mechanisms involved in perinatal lamb mortality and discusses the potential of melatonin treatment as a remedial *** pregnant ewes with melatonin enhances uterine bloodflow and fetal oxygenation,and potentially birthweight and neonatal thermogenic *** freely crosses the ovine placenta and blood-brain barrier and provides neuroprotection to the fetal lamb during periods of chronic and acute hypoxia throughout gestation,with improved behavioural outcomes in hypoxic *** current literature provides strong evidence that maternal melatonin treatment improves outcomes for lambs which experience compromised in utero development or prolonged parturition,though to date this has not been investigated in livestock production *** such there is a clear basis for continued research into the effects of maternal melatonin supplementation during gestation on pre-weaning survival under extensive production conditions.

关键词： Lamb survival Melatonin Neonatal mortality Reproduction Sheep

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SAD2 in Arabidopsis Functions in Trichome Initiation through Mediating GL3 Function and Regulating GL1,TTG1 and GL2 Expression

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2008年第7期50卷 906-917页

作者： Ying Gao Ximing Gong Wanhong Cao Jinfeng Zhao Liqin Fu XuechenWang karen S. Schumaker Yan Guo State key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry College of Biological Sciences China Agricultural University Beijing 100094 China National Institute of Biological Sciences Beijing 102206 China Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081 China Department of Plant Sciences University of Arizona Tucson AZ 85721 USA

Most genes identified that control Arabidopsis trichome initiation and formation are transcription factors or regulatory components in transcriptional networks and include GLABROUS1 （GL1）, GLABRA2 （GL2）, GLABRA3 （GL3） and TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA1 （TTG1）. Herein, we report that an importin β-like protein, SENSITIVE TO ABA AND DROUGHT2 （SAD2）, is required for trichome initiation. Mutations in SAD2 disrupted trichome initiation resulting in reduced trichome number, but had no effect on trichome development or root hair number and development. Expression levels of GL1, MYB23, GL2 and TTG1 were reduced in shoots of sad2 mutants while expression levels of GL3 and ENHANCER OF GLABRA3 （EGL3） were enhanced. Overexpression of GL3 increased trichome numbers in wild type but not in sad2 mutants, indicating that the function of the GL3 protein is altered in the sad2 mutants. In contrast, overexpression of GFP-GL1 decreased trichome number in both wild type and sad2. Double mutant analysis of gll sad2 and g13 sad2 indicated that SAD2 functions genetically, at least in part, in the same pathway with these two genes. Co-immunoprecipitation indicated that the sad2 mutation does not disrupt formation of the TTG1-GL3-GL1 complex. Analysis of GFP fusions of GL1, GL2, GL3 and TTG1 suggested that these proteins are most likely not direct cargo of SAD2. Our data suggest that SAD2 is involved in trichome initiation by regulating these nuclear genes.

关键词： Arabidopsis GL3 nuclear transport SAD2 trichome.

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血栓栓塞症

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中国医刊 2006年第9期41卷 57-60页

作者： Tanya k.sorensen 毛雯

1 引言提示:静脉血栓栓塞是孕妇死亡的一个首要原因.静脉血栓栓塞症(venous thromboembolism,VTE)是妊娠最常见的严重合并症之一.肺栓塞经常能在几分钟内致死,是围生期死亡的最主要的原因.产科医生应尽力识别有危险因素的患者并给予治... 详细信息

1 引言提示:静脉血栓栓塞是孕妇死亡的一个首要原因.静脉血栓栓塞症(venous thromboembolism,VTE)是妊娠最常见的严重合并症之一.肺栓塞经常能在几分钟内致死,是围生期死亡的最主要的原因.产科医生应尽力识别有危险因素的患者并给予治疗以预防血栓发生.总之,我们的目标是迅速识别并处理妊娠期急性血栓栓塞.通过非妊娠患者的研究,已经发现了很多方法预防、诊断和治疗VTE.但对妊娠期患者的治疗还需要循证医学基础上的大规模临床试验.同时必须有足够的来自各专业的资料综合.

关键词：静脉血栓栓塞症大规模临床试验急性血栓栓塞孕妇死亡妊娠期血栓发生危险因素产科医生

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可视耳模拟器在颞骨解剖虚拟训练中的应用

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听力学及言语疾病杂志 2013年第4期21卷 400-402页

作者：黄孝文余洋周良强 sorensen MS Mosegaard J Noe k Mikkelsen PT 华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科武汉430030 哥本哈根大学Rigs医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科 Alexandra研究所

众所周知,颞骨空间构造复杂,其内部精细结构与面神经、中后颅底以及颈内动静脉等有着十分密切的关系。为了安全有效地施行手术和不断提高手术技能,耳外科医生必须熟知正常颞骨内部的解剖结构及其相互关系,并且要在真实的解剖环境中进行... 详细信息

众所周知,颞骨空间构造复杂,其内部精细结构与面神经、中后颅底以及颈内动静脉等有着十分密切的关系。为了安全有效地施行手术和不断提高手术技能,耳外科医生必须熟知正常颞骨内部的解剖结构及其相互关系,并且要在真实的解剖环境中进行手术操作模拟练习。人类颞骨标本无疑是解剖手术训练最好的模型,但由于各种原因,目前在全世界范围内可用于该目的的人类颞骨资源十分有限,

关键词：解剖结构手术训练颞骨内模拟器虚拟耳手术技能精细结构

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Sex-specific differences in white matter microvascular integrity after ischaemic stroke

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2019年第4期4卷 198-205页

作者： Mark R Etherton Ona Wu Pedro Cougo Svetlana Lorenzano Hua Li Lisa Cloonan Mark J R J Bouts Arne Lauer ken Arai Eng H Lo Steve k Feske karen L Furie Natalia S Rost Department of Neurology Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging Massachusetts General HospitalCharlestownMAUnited States Department of Radiology Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUnited States Medical School of Ribeirao Preto University of Sao PauloSao PauloBrazil Department of Human Neurosciences Sapienza University of RomeRomeItaly Institute of Psychology Leiden UniversityLeidenNetherlands Department of Neuroradiology Goethe-Universitat Frankfurt am MainFrankfurtGermany Department of Neurology Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUnited States Department of Neurology Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityProvidenceRhode IslandUSA

background and purpose Functional outcomes after ischaemic stroke are worse in women,despite adjusting for differences in comorbidities and treatment *** matter microvascular integrity represents one risk factor for poor long-term functional outcomes after ischaemic *** aim of the study is to characterise sex-specific differences in microvascular integrity in individuals with acute ischaemic *** A retrospective analysis of subjects with acute ischaemic stroke and brain MRI with diffusion-weighted(DWI)and dynamic-susceptibility contrast-enhanced(DSC)perfusion-weighted imaging obtained within 9 hours of last known well was *** the hemisphere contralateral to the acute infarct,normal-appearing white matter(NAWM)microvascular integrity was measured using the k_(2) coefficient and apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC)*** analyses for predictors of k_(2) coefficient,DWI volume and good outcome(90-day modified Rankin scale(mRS)scorek_(2) coefficient(1027.4 vs 692.7×10^(-6)/s;p=0.006).In women,atrial fibrillation(β=583.6;p=0.04)and increasing NAWM ADC(β=4.4;p=0.02)were associated with increased NAWM k_(2) *** multivariable regression analysis,the k_(2) coefficient was an independent predictor of DWI volume in women(β=0.007;p=0.01)but not *** In women with acute ischaemic stroke,increased NAWM k_(2) coefficient is associated with increased infarct volume and chronic white matter structural *** studies investigating sex-specific differences in white matter microvascular integrity are needed.

关键词： microvascular white coefficient

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Serum outperforms plasma in small extracellular vesicle microRNA biomarker studies of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第20期26卷 2570-2583页

作者： karen Chiam George C Mayne Tingting Wang David I Watson Tanya S Irvine Tim Bright Lorelle T Smith Imogen A Ball Joanne M Bowen Dorothy M keefe Sarah k Thompson Damian J Hussey Discipline of Surgery College of Medicine and Public HealthFlinders University of South AustraliaAdelaideSA 5042Australia Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute Cancer Program College of Medicine and Public HealthFlinders UniversityAdelaideSA 5042Australia Discipline of Surgery The University of AdelaideAdelaideSA 5005Australia Adelaide Medical School The University of AdelaideAdelaideSA 5005Australia Faculty of Health Sciences The University of AdelaideAdelaideSA 5005Australia

BACkGROUND Circulating microRNAs(miRNAs)are potential biomarkers for many ***,they can originate from non-disease specific sources,such as blood cells,and compromise the investigations for miRNA *** small extracellular vesicles(sEVs)have been suggested to provide a purer source of circulating miRNAs for biomarkers discovery,the most suitable blood sample for sEV miRNA biomarker studies has not been *** To compare the mi RNA profiles between matched serum and plasma s EV preparations to determine their suitability for biomarker *** Matched serum and plasma samples were obtained from 10 healthy controls and10 patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma.s EV isolates were prepared from serum and plasma using Exo Quick TM and quantified using Nano *** was extracted from s EV preparations with the mi RNeasy Serum/Plasma kit and profiled using the Taqman Openarray q *** overall mi RNA content and theexpression of specific mi RNAs of reported vesicular and non-vesicular origins were compared between serum and plasma s EV *** diagnostic performance of a previously identified multi-mi RNA biomarker panel for esophageal adenocarcinoma was also *** The overall mi RNA content was higher in plasma s EV preparations(480 mi RNAs)and contained 97.5%of the mi RNAs found in the serum s EV preparations(412 mi RNAs).The expression of commonly expressed mi RNAs was highly correlated(Spearman’s R=0.87,P<0.0001)between the plasma and serum s EV preparations,but was consistently higher in the plasma s EV *** blood-cell mi RNAs(hsa-mi R-223-3 p,hsa-mi R-451 a,mi R-19 b-3 p,hsa-mi R-17-5 p,hsa-mi R-30 b-5 p,hsa-mi R-106 a-5 p,hsa-mi R-150-5 p and hsa-mi R-92 a-3 p)were expressed at 2.7 to 9.6 fold higher levels in the plasma s EV preparations compared to serum s EV preparations(P<0.05).In plasma s EV preparations,the percentage of protein-associated mi RNAs expressed at relatively higher levels(Ct

关键词： Biomarkers Exosomes Extracellular vesicles Circulating microRNA MicroRNAs Plasma Serum Blood cells Real-time polymerase chain reaction Adenocarcinoma of esophagus

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Exploring the Relationship between Obstetrical Nurses’ Work and Pregnancy Outcomes

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Open Journal of Nursing 2016年第9期6卷 812-819页

作者： Jo Watson Monica Nicholson kelly Dobbin karen Fleming Julia M. k. Alleyne Women and Babies Program Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre Toronto Canada Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing University of Toronto Toronto Canada College of Midwives of Ontario Toronto Canada Department of Family and Community Medicine Toronto Canada University Health Network Toronto Rehabilitation Institute Toronto Canada Department of Family and Community Medicine University of Toronto Toronto Canada

The Registered Nurses Association of Ontario Healthy Work Environments Best Practice Guideline recommends that employers promote safe, healthy workplaces. Healthy workplaces include addressing the unique needs of nurses who work while pregnant. The purpose of this descriptive study, summarizing information from 120 pregnancies reported by 95 nurses, was to determine if the workload of obstetrical nurses was associated with negative pregnancy outcomes, including preterm delivery and birth weight. Full-time obstetrical nursing work is a predictor of reduced birth weight, but not of preterm birth when compared to outcomes of obstetrical nurses working part time. One third of nurses reported pregnancy complications and most nurses experienced work-related and personal stress. Further research evaluating work modifications during pregnancy is indicated to improve birth outcomes.

关键词： Obstetrical Nurse Pregnancy Outcomes Preterm Birth Birth Weight

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美国西部科罗拉多州克里普尔克里克地区的浅成热液金——碲化物矿床和伴生

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吉林地质科技情报 1996年第5期 29-30页

作者： karen,k

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