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lessons on mobile apps for COVID-19 from China

Journal of Safety Science and Resilience 2021年第2期2卷 40-49页

作者： sophia l.zhou Xianhan Jia Samuel P.Skinner William Yang Isabelle Claude Mass Academy of Math and Science Worcester Polytechnic Institute85 Prescott StreetWorcesterMA 01605United States Department of Computer Science Worcester Polytechnic Institute100 Institute RoadWorcesterMA 01609United States Department of Physics Worcester Polythenic Institute100 Institute RoadWorcesterMA 01609United States Department of Biomedical Engineering Worcester Polytechnic Institute100 Institute RoadWorcesterMA 10609United States

The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the global society and human life profoundly.Many countries have launched COVID-19 mobile apps with a wide range in how these apps work.While it is hoped that these apps can assist in the fight against COVID-19,many are worried about user privacy.China implemented“health code”systems,which assigned neighborhoods and citizens a specific health code,meant to indicate their risk of having been exposed to COVID-19.The most widely used health code systems were hosted on the popular apps WeChat and Alipay,each with billions of users.Some experts argued that China’s use of mobile applications was essential to its successful combat against COVID-19.Included in this study are a summary of mobile technology usage in China,a review of previous studies of mobile technology in healthcare,and a brief survey of some existing mobile applications for COVID-19 that were imple-mented.Also included are outcomes of interviews with healthcare and public safety experts and a public survey to understand how mobile applications were used in China’s response to COVID-19.The interviews revealed four important themes:personal privacy,community involvement,government involvement,and situational speci-ficity.It was found that a key concern was maintaining a balance between collecting and utilizing personal information,as well as protecting this information.In addition,close collaboration between local communities and the national government was essential.Mobile applications assisted in communication and coordination but did not replace the work of people such as delivery drivers and contact tracers.Our results also showed that there was room for improvement,especially accessibility for the elderly or those unfamiliar with technology.Similar results were obtained from our survey.It was interesting to find that the apps were mostly used for“accessing information on COVID-19.”In addition,respondents overwhelmingly identified“information”as the most valuable feature of COVID-19 apps.Both interview and survey res

关键词： Mobile apps COVID-19 response Survey Interview lessons

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Water-soluble brown carbon in atmospheric aerosols from the resource-dependent cities:Optical properties,chemical compositions and sources

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第4期138卷 74-87页

作者： Haoji Wang Yue Su Yangzheng liu Fei Xie Xingjun zhou Ruihong Yu Changwei lü Jiang He School of Ecology and Environment Inner Mongolia UniversityHohhot 010021China Institute of Environmental Geology Inner Mongolia UniversityHohhot 010021China Environmental Monitoring Center of Inner Mongolia Hohhot 010011China

As a vital type of light-absorbing aerosol,brown carbon(BrC)presents inherent associations with atmospheric photochemistry and climate change.However,the understanding of the chemical and optical properties of BrC is limited,especially in some resource-dependent cities with long heating periods in northwest China.This study showed that the annual average abundances of Water-soluble BrC(WS-BrC)were 9.33±7.42 and 8.69±6.29μg/m^(3)in Baotou and Wuhai and the concentrations,absorption coefficient(Abs_(365)),and mass absorption efficiency(MAE365)of WS-BrC presented significant seasonal patterns,with high values in the heating season and low values in the non-heating season;while showing opposite seasonal trends for the Absorption Angstr?m exponent(AAE_(300-400)).Comparatively,the levels of WS-BrC in developing regions(such as cities in Asia)were higher than those in developed regions(such as cities in Europe and Australia),indicating the significant differences in energy consumption in these regions.By combining fluorescence excitation-emission matrix(EEM)spectra with the parallel factor(PARAFAC)model,humic-like(C1 and C2)and proteinlike(C3)substances were identified,and accounted for 61.40%±4.66%and 38.6%±3.78%at Baotou,and 60.33%±6.29%and 39.67%±4.17%at Wuhai,respectively.The results of source apportionment suggested that the potential source regions of WS-BrC varied in heating vs.non-heating seasons and that the properties of WS-BrC significantly depended on primary emissions(e.g.,combustion emissions)and secondary formation.

关键词： Water-soluble brown carbon Atmospheric aerosols Optical properties PARAFAC Source apportionment

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Photo-responsive functional materials based on light-driven molecular motors

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light(Science & Applications) 2024年第3期13卷 407-420页

作者： Yanping Deng Guiying long Yang Zhang Wei Zhao Guofu zhou Ben l.Feringa Jiawen Chen SCNU-UG International Joint laboratory of Molecular Science and Displays National Center for International Research on Green OptoelectronicsSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou 510006China Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of GroningenNijenborgh 49747AG GroningenThe Netherlands

In the past two decades,the research and development of light-triggered molecular machines have mainly focused on developing molecular devices at the nanoscale.A key scientific issue in the field is how to amplify the controlled motion of molecules at the nanoscale along multiple length scales,such as the mesoscopic or the macroscopic scale,or in a more practical perspective,how to convert molecular motion into changes of properties of a macroscopic material.light-driven molecular motors are able to perform repetitive unidirectional rotation upon irradiation,which offers unique opportunities for responsive macroscopic systems.With several reviews that focus on the design,synthesis and operation of the motors at the nanoscale,photo-responsive macroscopic materials based on light-driven molecular motors have not been comprehensively summarized.In the present review,we first discuss the strategy of confining absolute molecular rotation into relative rotation by grafting motors on surfaces.Secondly,examples of self-assemble motors in supramolecular polymers with high internal order are illustrated.Moreover,we will focus on building of motors in a covalently linked system such as polymeric gels and polymeric liquid crystals to generate complex responsive functions.Finally,a perspective toward future developments and opportunities is given.This review helps us getting a more and more clear picture and understanding on how complex movement can be programmed in light-responsive systems and how man-made adaptive materials can be invented,which can serve as an important guideline for further design of complex and advanced responsive materials.

关键词： functions materials material

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High association strengths are linked to phenotypic similarity,including plumage color and patterns,of participants in mixed-species bird flocks of southwestern China

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Current Zoology 2024年第1期70卷 34-44页

作者： liping zhou Christos Mammides Youfang Chen Wenyi zhou Wenzhang Dai Edward l.Braun Rebecca T.Kimball Yang liu Scott K.Robinson Eben Goodale Guangxi Key laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation College of ForestryGuangxi UniversityNanning 530004China Kunming Natural History Museum of Zoology Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650223China Nature Conservation Unit Frederick University7Yianni Frederickou StreetPallouriotissaNicosia 1036Cyprus State Key laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China Florida Museum of Natural History University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 34201USA Department of Biology University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 34201USA School of life Science and Institute of Wetland Ecology Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210000China State Key laboratory of Biocontrol School of EcologySun-Yatsen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China Department of Health and Environmental Science Xi'an Jiaotong Liverpool UniversitySuzhou 215123China

Participants in mixed-species bird flocks(MSFs)have been shown to associate with species that are similar in body size,diet,and evolutionary history,suggesting that facilitation structures these assemblages.In addition,several studies have suggested that species in MsFs resemble each other in their plumage,but this question has not been systematically investigated for any MsF system.During the nonbreeding season of 2020 and 2021,we sampled 585 MSFs on 14 transects in 2 habitats of Tongbiguang Nature Reserve in western Yunnan Province,China.We performed social network analysis and the Multiple Regression Quadratic Assignment Procedure to evaluate the effect of 4 species traits(body size,overall plumage color,distinctive plumage patterns,and diet)and evolutionary history on species association strength at the whole-MSF and within-MSF levels.All 41 significant relationships showed that species with stronger associations were more similar in their various traits.Body size had the strongest effect on association strength,followed by phylogeny,plumage patterns,and plumage color;diet had the weakest effect.Our results are consistent with the hypotheses that the benefits of associating with phenotypically similar species outweigh the potential costs of interspecific competition,and that trait matching can occur in plumage characteristics,albeit more weakly than in other traits.Several explanations exist as to why similarities in plumage may occur in MSFs,including that they could reduce predators'ability to target phenotypically"odd"individuals.Whether trait matching in plumage occurs through assortative processes in ecological time or is influenced by co-evolution requires furtherstudy.

关键词： co-evolution interaction networks mixed-species animal groups phenotypic similarity trait convergence

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Nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide/schwertmannite nanocomposites as heterogeneous photo-Fenton catalysts with enhanced efficiency for the degradation of bisphenol A

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第9期143卷 1-11页

作者： Xing-Xing Qiao Yu-Hang Xu Xiang-Ji liu Sai-le Chen zhou Zhong Ya-Feng li Jian lü Fujian Provincial Key laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation College of Resources and EnvironmentFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou 350002China State Key laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment Fuzhou UniversityFuzhou 350116China

Potential health risks related to environmental endocrine disruptors(EEDs)have aroused research hotspots at the forefront of water treatment technologies.Herein,nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide/schwertmannite nanocomposites(N-TiO_(2)/SCH)have been successfully developed as heterogeneous catalysts for the degradation of typical EEDs via photo-Fenton processes.Due to the sustainable Fe(Ⅲ)/Fe(Ⅱ)conversion induced by photoelectrons,as-prepared N-TiO_(2)/SCH nanocomposites exhibit much enhanced efficiency for the degradation of bisphenol A(BPA;ca.100% within 60 min under visible irradiation)in a wide pH range of 3.0-7.8,which is significantly higher than that of the pristine schwertmannite(ca.74.5%)or N-TiO_(2)(ca.10.8%).In this photo-Fenton system,the efficient degradation of BPA is mainly attributed to the oxidation by hydroxyl radical(·OH)and singlet oxygen(^(1)O_(2)).Moreover,the possible catalytic mechanisms and reaction pathway of BPA degradation are systematically investigated based on analytical and photoelectrochemical analyses.This work not only provides a feasible means for the development of novel heterogeneous photo-Fenton catalysts,but also lays a theoretical foundation for the potential application of mineral-based materials in wastewater treatment.

关键词： Titanium dioxide Schwertmannite Fenton reaction Environmental endocrine disruptors Photocatalysis

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Programmable synthetic receptors:the next-generation of cell and gene therapies

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第2期9卷 376-400页

作者： Fei Teng Tongtong Cui li zhou Qingqin Gao Qi zhou Wei li University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 101408China State Key laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Beijing 100101China

Cell and gene therapies hold tremendous promise for treating a range of difficult-to-treat diseases.However,concerns over the safety and efficacy require to be further addressed in order to realize their full potential.Synthetic receptors,a synthetic biology tool that can precisely control the function of therapeutic cells and genetic modules,have been rapidly developed and applied as a powerful solution.Delicately designed and engineered,they can be applied to finetune the therapeutic activities,i.e.,to regulate production of dosed,bioactive payloads by sensing and processing user-defined signals or biomarkers.This review provides an overview of diverse synthetic receptor systems being used to reprogram therapeutic cells and their wide applications in biomedical research.With a special focus on four synthetic receptor systems at the forefront,including chimeric antigen receptors(CARs)and synthetic Notch(synNotch)receptors,we address the generalized strategies to design,construct and improve synthetic receptors.Meanwhile,we also highlight the expanding landscape of therapeutic applications of the synthetic receptor systems as well as current challenges in their clinical translation.

关键词： synthetic landscape payload

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Critical layer in liquid-solid system influencing the remediation of chromium using zeolite-supported sulfide nano zero-valent iron

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第1期135卷 232-241页

作者： Chundi zhou Caiyun Han Nengsheng liu Faculty of Material and Environment Guangxi University for NationalitiesNanning 530008China College of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunming 650093China

Sulfidated nano zero-valent iron particles were immobilized on ZSM-5 zeolite(Z/S-nZⅥ)and used for hexavalent chromium(Cr(Ⅵ))remediation.The performance of Z/S-nZⅥimproved with the increase in Cr(Ⅵ)concentration(l),while the performance significantly decreased for a Cr(Ⅵ)concentration of more than 60 mg/l.The adsorption behavior for Cr(Ⅵ)was different from that reported in previous studies.The improved performance can be tailored for increasing efficiency of nano zero-valent iron(nZⅥ)corrosion,while the degree of corrosion of nZⅥwas affected by the concentration of the pollutant as discussed by kinetics,X-ray diffraction(XRD)and X-ray photoelectron spectrometer(XPS)analyses.The experiments for the dissolution of ferrous ions and the dosage of adsorbent demonstrated that the critical layer in the liquid-solid system changed with the increase in the concentration of Cr(Ⅵ)(Cr(Ⅵ):Z/S-nZⅥ>0.6).Moreover,the removal mechanisms of Cr(Ⅵ)were elucidated through XRD,transmission electron microscopy(TEM)and XPS techniques.This results demonstrate that the species of chromium in the critical layer changed from Cr(Ⅲ)to Cr(Ⅵ)as the concentration of chromium increased from low to high.Furthermore,the critical layer was composed of Cr(Ⅵ),Fe(Ⅱ),O and H elements.Additionally,the experiments of coexisting ions and aging time confirmed that Z/S-nZⅥpossessed high selectivity and stability to ensure efficiency and cost-effectiveness in practical applications.

关键词： Cr(VI) Corrosion Critical layer Selectivity Stability

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Effect of CO_(2) Opposing Multiple Jets on Thermoacoustic Instability and NO_(x) Emissions in a lean-Premixed Model Combustor

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Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第1期33卷 207-221页

作者： zhou Hao HU liubin Institute for Thermal Power Engineering State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy UtilizationZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China

This paper experimentally studied the effect of CO_(2) opposing multiple jets on the thermoacoustic instability and NO_(x) emissions in a lean-premixed model combustor.The feasibility was verified from three variables:the CO_(2) jet flow rate,hole numbers,and hole diameters of the nozzles.Results indicate that the control effect of thermoacoustic instability and NO_x emissions show a reverse trend with the increase of open area ratio on the whole,and the optimal jet flow rate range is 1-4 l/min with CO_(2) opposing multiple jets.In this flow rate range,the amplitude and frequency of the dynamic pressure and heat release signals CH~* basically decrease as the CO_(2) flow rate increases,which avoids high-frequency and high-amplitude thermoacoustic instability.The amplitude-damped ratio of dynamic pressure and CH*can reach as high as 98.75% and 93.64% with an optimal open area ratio of 3.72%.NO_(x) emissions also decrease as the jet flow rate increases,and the maximum suppression ratio can reach 68.14%.Besides,the flame shape changes from a steep inverted "V" to a more flat "M",and the flame length will become shorter with CO_(2) opposing multiple jets.This research achieved the synchronous control of thermoacoustic instability and NO_(x) emissions,which could be a design reference for constructing a safer and cleaner combustor.

关键词： thermoacoustic instability lean-premixed model combustor CO_(2)opposing multiple jets open area ratio NO_(x)emissions

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OsbZIP01 Affects Plant Growth and Development by Regulating OsSD1 in Rice

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Rice science 2024年第1期31卷 77-86,I0018,I0019页

作者： DONG Xinli zhou Yang ZHANG Yaqi RONG Fuxi DU Jiahong HONG Zheyuan HU Peisong lÜYusong College of Agriculture and Biotechnology Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China State Key laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding/China National Center for Rice Improvement China National Rice Research InstituteHangzhou 310006China

As the‘Green Revolution’gene,SD1(encoding GA20ox2),has been widely applied to improve yield in rice breeding.However,research on its transcriptional regulation is limited.Here,we identified a transcription factor OsbZIP01,which can suppress the expression of SD1 and regulate gibberellin(GA)biosynthesis in rice.Knockout mutants of OsbZIP01 exhibited increased plant height,while the overexpression lines showed a semi-dwarf phenotype and diminished germination rate.Furthermore,the semi-dwarf phenotype of OE-bZIP01,was caused by the reduced internode length,which was accompanied by a thin stem width.The predominant expression of OsbZIP01 was observed in leaves and sheaths.OsbZIP01 protein was localized in the nucleus and showed transcriptional repression activity.In addition,OsbZIP01 could directly bind to the promoter of the OsSD1 gene,and inhibit its transcription.The semi-dwarf phenotype of OE-bZIP01 could be rescued by exogenous GA_(3).Meanwhile,the bzip01 sd1 double mutant showed a shorter shoot length compared with the wild type,indicating that OsbZIP01 regulated plant growth mainly through the GA biosynthesis pathway.Collectively,OsbZIP01 negatively regulates GA biosynthesis by restraining SD1 transcription,thereby affecting plant growth and development.

关键词： OsbZIP01 SD1 gibberellin biosynthesis dwarf and germination

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Pumping-induced Well Hydraulics and Groundwater Budget in a leaky Aquifer System with Vertical Heterogeneity in Aquitard Hydraulic Properties

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2024年第2期98卷 477-490页

作者： ZHUANG Chao lÜChenyang YAN long lI Yabing zhou Zhifang WANG Jinguo DOU Zhi Walter A.IllMAN School of Earth Sciences and Engineering Hohai UniversityNanjing 211100China School of Geography Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirmingham B152TTU.K. Department of Modern Mechanics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230027China Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of WaterlooOntario N2L 3G1Canada

In groundwater hydrology,aquitard heterogeneity is often less considered compared to aquifers,despite its significant impact on groundwater hydraulics and groundwater resources evaluation.A semi-analytical solution is derived for pumping-induced well hydraulics and groundwater budget with consideration of vertical heterogeneity in aquitard hydraulic conductivity(K)and specific storage(S_(s)).The proposed new solution is innovative in its partitioning of the aquitard into multiple homogeneous sub-layers to enable consideration of various forms of vertically heterogeneous K or S_(s).Two scenarios of analytical investigations are explored:one is the presence of aquitard interlayers with distinct K or S_(s) values,a common field-scale occurrence;another is an exponentially depth-decaying aquitard S_(s),a regional-scale phenomenon supported by statistical analysis.Analytical investigations reveal that a low-K interlayer can significantly increase aquifer drawdown and enhance aquifer/aquitard depletion;a high-S_(s) interlayer can noticeably reduce aquifer drawdown and increase aquitard depletion.locations of low-K or high-S_(s) interlayers also significantly impact well hydraulics and groundwater budget.In the context of an exponentially depth-decaying aquitard S_(s),a larger decay exponent can enhance aquifer drawdown.When using current models with a vertically homogeneous aquitard,half the sum of the geometric and harmonic means of exponentially depth-decaying aquitard S_(s) should be used to calculate aquitard depletion and unconfined aquifer leakage.

关键词： hydrogeology aquitard vertical heterogeneity semi-analytical solution well hydraulics groundwater budget

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