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Spatial Distribution of Mountain Pine Beetle Outbreaks in Relation to Climate and Stand Characteristics： A Dendroecological Analysis

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2007年第2期49卷 168-178页

作者： elizabeth M. campbell René I. Alfaro Brad Hawkes Canadian Forest Service Pacific Forestry Centre Victoria BC Canada V8Z 1M5

Principal components analysis, followed by K-means cluster analysis, was used to detect variations in the timing and magnitude of Pinus contorta Dough ex Loud. growth releases attributed to mountain pine beetle outbreaks in 31 stands of central British Columbia. Four major growth release patterns were identified from 1970 to 2000. Variations in the timing of growth releases among clustered stands corresponded well to aerial survey data indicating the timing of beetle outbreaks in the study area. Redundancy analysis was used to determine how variations in the timing and magnitude of growth releases attributed to beetle outbreaks changed with variations in climate or stand conditions over the study area. The first RDA axis, which accounted for 39% of the variations in growth patterns among stands, was significantly （P〈0.05） correlated with gradients in the percentage of pine in stands killed by mountain pine beetle, summer aridity, variation in summer precipitation, distance from initial infestation site, average pine age, and maximum August temperatures. The second RDA axis explained 6% of the variations and was significantly correlated with gradients in the beetle climate suitability index, extreme cold month temperatures, and site index. Comparisons of growth release patterns with aerial survey data and redundancy analyses indicated that dendrochronological techniques are useful for identifying mountain pine beetle outbreaks in central British Columbia, particularly among stands that had a density high enough to produce a growth release signal. Provided future studies account for interannual weather fluctuations, identification of growth increases due to stand thinning caused by beetle outbreaks will be useful for reconstructing the history of beetle outbreaks over much longer time periods.

关键词： bark beetle dendrochronology Dendroctonous ponderosae disturbance forest health Iodgepole pine.

Is routine measurement of international normalized ratio necessary as part of the investigation of patients with cardiac-type chest pain?

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2021年第3期12卷 221-224页

作者： Samuel G.campbell Kirk Magee Ismail Cajee Simon Field Michael B.Butler Christine L.campbell Sarah E.Bryson Charles V.Keating Emergency and Trauma Centre Queen Elizabeth II HSCHalifaxNova Scotia B3H 3A7Canada

Dear editor, Chest pain is a frequent complaint of patients presenting to the emergency department (ED), and many of them are referred to the cardiology service for further investigation. At the Charles V. Keating Emergency and Trauma Centre in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, 4,800 (6.6%) of the approximately 73,000 patients per year register with a complaint of “chest pain”, and 20% of patients are referred to cardiology. Coagulation studies, specifi cally international normalized ratio (INR) frequently part of the “routine” panel of blood tests, are ordered for patients in the ED being investigated or treated for chest pain suspected to be cardiac in nature. Recent calls to examine how much of our practice is likely to benefit patients in any way have led us to question the clinical utility of routine use of these tests.

关键词： routine patients pain

TIDieR-PHP:人口健康和政策干预措施的报告指南

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英国医学杂志中文版 2020年第8期23卷 453-457页

作者： Mhairi campbell Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi Tammy Hoffmann Rebecca Armstrong elizabeth Waters Peter Craig 贺捷(译) MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit University of Glasgow200 Renfield StreetGlasgow G23QBUK Centre for Research in Evidence-Based Practice Bond UniversityQueenslandAustralia Melbourne School of Population and Global Health University of MelbourneVICAustralia 北京大学医学部

在报告评估研究时,我们缺乏关于描述人口健康和政策(population health and policy,PHP)干预措施方面的指南。PHP干预措施包括法律、财政、结构、组织、环境和政策方面的干预,例如对不健康商品的监管、卫生服务的重组、福利政策的调整... 详细信息

在报告评估研究时,我们缺乏关于描述人口健康和政策(population health and policy,PHP)干预措施方面的指南。PHP干预措施包括法律、财政、结构、组织、环境和政策方面的干预,例如对不健康商品的监管、卫生服务的重组、福利政策的调整和社区改善计划。许多PHP干预措施具有的一些特征,对其实施和成功至关重要,但在原来的干预描述和复制模板(Template for Intervention Description and Replication, TIDieR)清单中没有充分体现出来。本文介绍了PHP干预报告模板(TIDieR-PHP)的开发,并给出了项目清单和示例。

关键词： PHP 报告模板 Replication policy 项目清单卫生服务报告指南 TID

Experiences with a violence and mental health safety protocol for a randomized controlled trial to support youth living with HIV

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Global Health Research and Policy 2021年第1期6卷 87-96页

作者： Katherine G.Merrill Jonathan K.Mwansa Sam Miti Virginia M.Burke elizabeth A.Abrams Christiana Frimpong Michele R.Decker Jacquelyn C.campbell Julie A.Denison Department of International Health Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health615 N.Wolfe StreetBaltimoreMD 21205USA Arthur Davison Children’s Hospital NdolaZambia Department of Population Family and Reproductive HealthJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMDUSA Department of Community-Public Health Johns Hopkins School of NursingBaltimoreMDUSA Present Address:Department of Medicine University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoILUSA

Background:Safety protocols are an essential component of studies addressing violence and mental health but are rarely described in the published literature from Sub-Saharan *** designed and implemented a safety protocol within Project YES!(Youth Engaging for Success),which enrolled 276 youth living with HIV(ages 15–24 years)in a randomized controlled trial of a peer-mentoring intervention across four HIV clinics in Ndola,***:Youth who reported severe violence and/or suicidal thoughts on research surveys or during meetings with youth peer mentors(YPM)were referred to designated healthcare providers(HCP).We explored experiences with the safety protocol using:a)monitoring data of referrals,and b)in-depth interviews with youth(n=82),HCP(n=10),YPM(n=8),and staff(n=6).Descriptive statistics were generated and thematic analysis of coded transcripts and written memos ***:Nearly half of youth enrolled(48%of females,41%of males)were referred to a HCP at least *** first referral was most often for sexual violence(35%)and/or suicidal ideation/depression(29%).All referred youth aged 15–17 years and over 80%of referred youth aged 18+agreed to see a *** referred 15%for additional services outside the ***-nine youth,all HCP,all YPM,and all staff interviewed discussed the safety *** youth felt“encouraged,”“helped,”“unburdened,”and“relieved”by their meetings with HCP;some expressed concerns about meeting with *** safety protocol helped HCP recognize the need to integrate care for violence and mental health with medication adherence ***,YPM,and study staff raised implementation challenges,including youth choosing not to open up to HCP,time and resource constraints,deficiencies in HCP training,and stigma and cultural norms inhibiting referrals outside the clinic for emotional trauma and mental ***:Implementing a safety protocol within an HIV clinic-based research study is possible and beneficial for

关键词： Safety protocol Referral Violence Mental health HIV Youth Zambia

Experimental and Modeling Study of Forest Fire Effect on Soil Thermal Conductivity

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Pedosphere 2016年第4期26卷 462-473页

作者： Kathleen M.SMITS elizabeth KIRBY William J.MASSMAN Larry Scott BAGGETT Center for the Experimental Study of Subsurface Environmental Processes Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringColorado School of Mines USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station

An understanding of soil thermal conductivity after a wildfire or controlled burn is important to land management and post-fire recovery efforts. Although soil thermal conductivity has been well studied for non-fire heated soils, comprehensive data that evaluate the long-term effect of extreme heating from a fire on the soil thermal conductivity are limited. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term impact of fire on the effective thermal conductivity of soils by directly comparing fire-heated and no-fire control soils through a series of laboratory studies. The thermal conductivity was measured for ten soil samples from two sites within the Manitou Experimental Forest, Colorado, USA, for a range of water contents from saturation to the residual degree of saturation. The thermal conductivity measured was compared with independent estimates made using three empirical models from literature, including the campbell et al. （1994）, CSt~ and Konrad （2005）, and Massman et al. （2008） models. Results demonstrate that for the test soils studied, the thermal conductivity of the fire-heated soils was slightly lower than that of the control soils for all observed water contents. Modeling results show that the campbell et al. （1994） model gave the best agreement over the full range of water contents when proper fitting parameters were employed. Further studies are needed to evaluate the significance of including the influence of fire burn on the thermal properties of soils in modeling studies.

关键词： controlled burn degree of saturation empirical model water content wildfire

食物蛋白诱导性小肠结肠炎综合征:一项基于澳大利亚普通人群的研究,2012-2014

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中华临床免疫和变态反应杂志 2018年第1期12卷 99-101页

作者： Sam Mehr FRACP, Katie Frith FRACP elizabeth H. Barnes BAppSc MStat and Dianne E campbell 中国医学科学院北京协和医学院北京协和医院变态(过敏)反应科

背景食物蛋白诱导性小肠结肠炎综合征（FPIES）是一种非IgE 介导的胃肠道过敏性疾病。基于大规模人群的FPIES 流行病学调查尚无报道。目的本文拟明确澳大利亚婴幼儿中FPIES 的发病率和临床特点。方法 2012 至2014年通过澳大利亚儿科... 详细信息

背景食物蛋白诱导性小肠结肠炎综合征（FPIES）是一种非IgE 介导的胃肠道过敏性疾病。基于大规模人群的FPIES 流行病学调查尚无报道。目的本文拟明确澳大利亚婴幼儿中FPIES 的发病率和临床特点。方法 2012 至2014年通过澳大利亚儿科监测体系开展了一项全国范围内的调查,由1 400 名儿科医生每月上报2 岁以下的婴幼儿中诊为急性FPIES 的新病例。结果 230 例患儿被诊为FPIES。FPIES 在澳大利亚2 岁以下儿童中的发病率为15.4/（10 万·年）。首次发作、诊断及上报的中位数年龄分别为5、7 和10 月龄。发病没有性别倾向性。7% 的患儿有兄弟姐妹也患有FPIES,5% 在纯母乳喂养期间发病。68 例患儿仅对单种食物过敏（20% 对2 种食物过敏,12% 对3 种以上食物过敏）。最常见的FPIES 诱因是大米（45%）、牛奶（33%）以及鸡蛋（12%）。51% 的患儿在首次暴露时即有过敏反应。与单种食物过敏相比,多种食物过敏者的首次发病年龄更小（均数分别为4.6 和5.8 月龄,P = 0.001）,更容易有水果或蔬菜过敏（P < 0.000 1）。纯母乳喂养4 个月以上的婴儿更不易发生多种食物过敏性FPIES（P = 0.06）。对包括牛奶在内的多种食物过敏的FPIES 患儿中64% 同时对固体食物过敏。42% 鱼类过敏性FPIES 患儿并发其他食物过敏。结论 FPIES并不罕见,估计发病率为15.4/（10 万·年）。大米是澳大利亚最常见的食物诱因。与多重食物过敏性FPIES 相关的危险因素包括早期起病、对水果或蔬菜不能耐受。

关键词：食物蛋白诱导性小肠结肠炎综合征婴幼儿流行病学发病率过敏

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食物过敏治疗

中华临床免疫和变态反应杂志 2018年第1期12卷 124-130页

作者： Sam Mehr Katie Frith elizabeth H.Barnes BAppSc MStat Dianne E.campbell 王子熹王良录中国医学科学院北京协和医学院北京协和医院变态(过敏)反应科

IgE 介导的食物过敏患病率在全世界范围内呈升高趋势,已成为困扰数以百万计患者的公共健康问题。但目前的标准治疗方案仅为严格禁食过敏食物及含过敏食物成分的食品,尚无已经审批认证的食物过敏治疗方法。目前已有大量的有关不同形式食... 详细信息

IgE 介导的食物过敏患病率在全世界范围内呈升高趋势,已成为困扰数以百万计患者的公共健康问题。但目前的标准治疗方案仅为严格禁食过敏食物及含过敏食物成分的食品,尚无已经审批认证的食物过敏治疗方法。目前已有大量的有关不同形式食物免疫治疗的研究,包括口服、舌下及经皮给药途径。尽管口服免疫治疗因蛋白摄入量最大而疗效最肯定,但与舌下免疫治疗及经皮免疫治疗相比耐受性较差,不良反应重,发生率也较高。经皮免疫治疗虽然疗效相对最弱,但安全性及耐受性最佳。很多研究通过尝试添加佐剂和anti-IgE 提高食物免疫治疗的疗效及安全性。此外还有许多超前于这些第一代食物免疫治疗方法的新概念疗法尚处于动物试验或早期I 期临床试验阶段。

关键词：食物过敏食物免疫治疗口服免疫治疗舌下免疫治疗经皮免疫治疗

Soil Organic C:N vs. Water-Extractable Organic C:N

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2012年第3期2卷 269-274页

作者： Richard L. Haney Alan. J. Franzluebbers Virginia. L. Jin Mari-Vaughn. Johnson elizabeth. B. Haney Mike. J. White Robert. D. Harmel Texas AgriLife Research Blackland Research & Extension Center Temple TX USDA-Agricultural Research Service (ARS) Grassland Soil & Water Research Laboratory Temple TX USA USDA-ARS Agroecosystem Management Research Unit Lincoln NE 4USDA-NRCS Resources Inventory and Assessment Division Temple TX USDA-ARS J. Phil Campbell Sr. Natural Resource Conservation Center Watkinsville GA USDA-NRCS Resources Inventory and Assessment Division Temple TX

Traditionally, soil-testing laboratories have used a variety of methods to determine soil organic matter, yet they lack a practical method to predict potential N mineralization/immobilization from soil organic matter. Soils with high micro-bial activity may experience N immobilization (or reduced net N mineralization), and this issue remains unresolved in how to predict these conditions of net mineralization or net immobilization. Prediction may become possible with the use of a more sensitive method to determine soil C:N ratios stemming from the water-extractable C and N pools that can be readily adapted by both commercial and university soil testing labs. Soil microbial activity is highly related to soil organic C and N, as well as to water-extractable organic C (WEOC) and water-extractable organic N (WEON). The relationship between soil respiration and WEOC and WEON is stronger than between respiration and soil organic C (SOC) and total organic N (TON). We explored the relationship between soil organic C:N and water-extractable organic C:N, as well as their relationship to soil microbial activity as measured by the flush of CO2 following rewetting of dried soil. In 50 different soils, the relationship between soil microbial activity and water-extractable organic C:N was much stronger than for soil organic C: N. We concluded that the water-extractable organic C:N was a more sensitive measurement of the soil substrate which drives soil microbial activity. We also suggest that a water-extractable organic C:N level > 20 be used as a practical threshold to separate those soils that may have immobilized N with high microbial activity.

关键词： Soil Microbial Activity C:N Ratios Soil Organic C N Mineralization N Immobilization Soil Testing