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Influence of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) on rhizosphere soil solution chemistry in long-term contaminated soils:A rhizobox study

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2010年第1期22卷 98-105页

作者： kwon-Rae Kim Gary Owens soon-lk kwon Climate Change & Agroecology Division Department of Agricultural EnvironmentNational Academy of Agricultural ScienceRDARepublic of Korea Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation University of South Australia

This study investigated the influence of Indian mustard （Brassicajuncea） root exudation on soil solution properties （pH, dissolved organic carbon （DOC）, metal solubility） in the rhizosphere using a rhizobox. Measurement was conducted following the cultivation of Indian mustard in the rhizobox filled four different types of heavy metal contaminated soils （two alkaline soils and two acidic soils）. The growth of Indian mustard resulted in a significant increase （by 0.6 pH units） in rhizosphere soil solution pH of acidic soils and only a slight increase （〈 0.1 pH units） in alkaline soils. Furthermore, the DOC concentration increased by 17-156 mg/L in the rhizosphere regardless of soil type and the extent of contamination, demonstrating the exudation of DOC from root. Ion chromatographic determination showed a marked increase in the total dissolved organic acids （OAs） in rhizosphere. While root exudates were observed in all soils, the amount of DOC and OAs in soil solution varied considerably amongst different soils, resulting in significant changes to soil solution metals in the rhizosphere. For example, the soil solution Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn concentrations increased in the rhizosphere of alkaline soils compared to bulk soil following plant cultivation. In contrast, the soluble concentrations of Cd, Pb, and Zn in acidic soils decreased in rhizosphere soil when compared to bulk soils. Besides the influence of pH and DOC on metal solubility, the increase of heavy metal concentration having high stability constant such as Cu and Pb resulted in a release of Cd and Zn from solid phase to liquid phase.

关键词： dissolved organic carbon heavy metals root exudates solubility rhizosphere chemistry

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Optimization of an Artificial Intelligence Database and Camera Installation for Recognition of Risky Passenger Behavior in Railway Vehicles

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第1期82卷 1277-1293页

作者： Min-kyeong Kim Yeong Geol Lee Won-Hee Park Su-hwan Yun Tae-soon kwon Duckhee Lee Railroad Test&Certification Division Korea Railroad Research Institute(KRRI)Cheoldo BangmulgwanroUiwang-si16105Republic of Korea Railroad Safety Division Korea Railroad Research Institute(KRRI)Cheoldo BangmulgwanroUiwang-si16105Republic of Korea

Urban railways are vital means of public transportation in *** than 30%of metropolitan residents use the railways,and this proportion is expected to *** enhance safety,the government has mandated the installation of closed-circuit televisions in all carriages by ***,cameras still monitored *** address this limitation,we developed a dataset of risk factors and a smart detection system that enables an immediate response to any abnormal behavior and intensive monitoring *** created an innovative learning dataset that takes into account seven unique risk factors specific to Korean railway *** data collection was conducted across the Shinbundang Line of the Incheon Transportation Corporation,and the Ui-Shinseol *** observed several behavioral characteristics and assigned unique annotations to *** also considered carriage *** performance was evaluated by camera placement and *** the camera installation plan was *** dataset will find immediate applications in domestic railway *** artificial intelligence algorithms will be verified shortly.

关键词： AI railway vehicle risk factor smart detection AI training data

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A Study of the Influence of Air-knife Tilting on Coating Thickness in Hot-dip Galvanizing

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Journal of Thermal Science 2009年第3期18卷 262-267页

作者： Tae-Seok CHO Young-Doo kwon soon-Bum kwon School of Mechanical Engineering Kyungpook National University

Gas wiping is a decisive operation in hot-dip galvanizing process. In special, it has a crucial influence on the thickness and uniformity in coating film, but may be subsequently responsible for the problem of splashing. The progress of industry demands continuously the reduction of production costs which may relate directly with the increase of coating speed, and the speed up of coating results in the increase of stagnation pressure in gas wiping system in final. It is known that the increase of stagnation pressure may accompany a harmful problem of splashing in general. Together with these, also, from the view point of energy consumption, it is necessary to design a nozzle optimally. And there is known that the downward tilting of nozzle using in air knife system is effective to prevent in somewhat the harmful problem of splashing. In these connections, first, we design a nozzle with constant expansion rate. Next, for the case of actual coating conditions in field, the effects of tilting of the constant expansion rate nozzle are investigated by numerical analysis. Under the present numerical conditions, it was turned out that the nozzle of constant expansion rate of p = having a downward jet angle of 5^0 is the most effective to diminish the onset of splashing, while the influence of small tilting of the nozzle on impinging wall pres- sure itself is not so large.

关键词： Air-knife Constant expansion rate nozzle Impinging pressure Wall shear stress Hot-dip galvanizing Coating thickness Splashing

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Experimental and Computational Studies on Coanda Nozzle Flow for the Air Knife Application

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Journal of Thermal Science 2007年第2期16卷 164-169页

作者： soon-Bum kwon Dong-Won LEE Young-Doo kwon School of Mechanical Engineering Kyungpook National University1370Sankyuk-dongDaegu 702-701Korea

To control the film thickness of zinc in the process of continuous hot-dip galvanizing, it is known from the early days that the gas wiping through an air knife is the most effective one. The gas wiping using in galvanizing process brings about a problem of splashing from the strip edge for a certain high speed of coating. So, in the present study, the effects of the deflection angle of Coanda nozzle on jet structure and the distribution of impinging pres- sure at the plate surface are investigated numerically and experimentally. In numerical analysis, the governing equations consisted of three-dimensional time dependent full Navier-Stokes equations, standard k-ε turbulence model to solve turbulent stTess and so on are employed. In experiment, 16 channel pressure scanning valve and 3-axis auto traversing unit are used to measure the impinging pressure at the strip surface. As a result, it is found that the smaller the deflection angle for the same nozzle slit of air knife is, the larger the impinging pressure is. To reduce the size of separation bubble and to enhance the cutting ability, it is recommendable to use an air knife with the Coanda nozzle.

关键词： Air knife Coanda effect edge splashing gas wiping hot-dip galvanizing impinging jet

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Optimal rotor wear design in hypotrochoidal gear pump using genetic algorithm

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Journal of Central South University 2011年第3期18卷 718-725页

作者： kwon soon-man KIM Chang-Hyun SHIN Joong-ho Department of Mechanical Design and Manufacturing Engineering Changwon National University

The wear rate between the rotors of a hypotrochoidal gear pump is *** the knowledge of shape design on the rotors,the contact stresses without hydrodynamic effect between the rotor teeth were evaluated through the calculation of the Hertzian contact *** on the above results and the sliding velocity between the rotors,a genetic algorithm (GA) was used as an optimization technique forminimizing the wear rate proportional factor (WRPF).The result shows that the wear rate or the WRPF can be reduced considerably,*** 12.8%,throughout the optimization using GA.

关键词： gerotor hypotrochoidal gear pump Hertzian contact stress wear rate proportional factor genetic algorithm

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Kinematical system of breadth cam profile design

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Journal of Central South University 2011年第2期18卷 451-457页

作者： SHIN Joong-ho 李琳 YANG Hyun-dai kwon soon-man Department of Mechanical Design & Manufacturing Changwon National University

The design solutions for breadth cam mechanism was presented. The main topics of the shape design for breadth cam was to calculate the coordinate at each contact point to determine the cam profile. The proposed method according to velocity and geometric relationships of instant velocity centers can easily determine each contact point at any instant moment. The cam profile was defined by contouring of the contact points. And also a program was developed by using Microsoft Visual C++ program,which can quickly and easily draw a 2D cam profile through the displacement diagram. Finally,the program was used to confirm the accuracy on the breadth cam profile design by computer animation graphically.

关键词： cam profile breadth cam reciprocating follower oscillating follower instant velocity center

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Preparation of AZ91D Slurries for Semi-Solid Forming Using Al8 ( Mn, Fe) 5 Precipitates

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Journal of Rare Earths 2004年第Z2期22卷 42-46页

作者： Ji Young Byun soon Il kwon Jeong Man Doh Heon Phil Ha Metal Processing Research Center Division of MaterialsKorea Institute of Science and Technology# 39-1 Haweolgok-DongSungbuk-KuSeoul 136-791Republic of Korea

During the solidification of the AZ91D-alloys, the Al8(Mn, Fe)5 phase is generally precipitated in the melt in advance of the precipitation of the primary α-Mg. The basic principle for manufacturing AZ91D-alloy slurries for semi solid forming is to use the Al8(Mn, Fe)5 precipitates as the heterogeneous nucleation sites for primary α-Mg phases. Microscopic analysis for the location of the Al8(Mn, Fe)5 precipitate explains that the Al8(Mn, Fe)5 precipitate is the effective heterogeneous nucleation site for the primary α-Mg phase. It was also observed that increase of the Mn content in the melt and the cooling rate below to the solid/liquid two-phase region resulted in smaller and more globular primary α-Mg due to the increase of heterogeneous nucleation sites. It was found that the average α-Mg diameter grew as a function of t0.278, where t is the holding time at the solid/liquid two-phase region. This would be attributed to the Ostwald type ripening and coalescence between primary α-Mg phases. The cooling rate below to the solid/liquid two-phase region, Mn content in AZ91D alloy, and the holding time and temperature affected on the quality of slurry.

关键词： AZ91D alloy semi-solid forming solidification heterogeneous nucleation

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Chondrogenesis of periodontal ligament stem cells by transforming growth factor-β3 and bone morphogenetic protein-6 in a normal healthy impacted third molar

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International Journal of Oral Science 2013年第1期5卷 7-13页

作者： Sunyoung Choi Tae-Jun Cho soon-Keun kwon Gene Lee Jaejin Cho Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Differentiation/Transplantation Department of Dental Regenerative BiotechnologySchool of DentistrySeoul National University Dental Research Institute School of DentistrySeoul National University Laboratory of Molecular Genetics School of DentistrySeoul National University

The periodontal ligament-derived mesenchymal stem cell is regarded as a source of adult stem cells due to its ***, the proof of chondrogenic potential of the cells is ***,we investigated the chondrogenic differentiation capacity of periodontal ligament derived mesenchymal stem cells induced by transforming growth factor(TGF)-p3 and bone morphogenetic protein(BMP)-*** isolation of periodontal ligament stem cells(PDLSCs) from human periodontal ligament,the cells were cultured in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium(DMEM) with 20%fetal bovine serum(FBS).A mechanical force initiated chondrogenic differentiation of the *** chondrogenic differentiation,10μg·LTGF-β3 or 100μg·LBMP-6 and the combination treating group for synergistic effect of the growth *** analyzed the PDLSCs by fluorescence-activated cell sorting and chondrogenesis were evaluated by glycosaminoglycans assay,histology,immunohistochemistry and genetic *** showed mesenchymal stem cell properties proved by FACS *** contents were increased 217%by TGF-β3 and 220%by BMP-6. The synergetic effect of TGF-β3 and BMP-6 were shown up to 281%compared to *** combination treatment increased Sox9, aggrecan and collagen II expression compared with not only controls,but also TGF-P3 or BMP-6 single treatment *** histological analysis also indicated the chondrogenic differentiation of PDLSCs in our *** results of the present study demonstrate the potential of the dental stem cell as a valuable cell source for chondrogenesis,which may be applicable for regeneration of cartilage and bone fracture in the field of cell therapy.

关键词： bone morphogenetic protein-6 chondrogenesis growth factor periodental ligament cell stem cell transforming growth factor-β3

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Dual cycloid gear mechanism for automobile safety pretensioners

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Journal of Central South University 2012年第2期19卷 365-373页

作者： SHIN Joong-ho KIM Chang-hyun YUN Pyeong-hwa kwon soon-man Department of Mechanical Design and Manufacturing Changwon National University

The most conventional vehicle pretensioner system consists of an internal gear pair with involute teeth. However, it has been well known that the corresponding gear pairs are relatively weak under the situation of impact loadings. To improve this phenomenon, a new pretensioning gear system with cycloid teeth rather than the involute ones was proposed, and dual cycloidal gear mechanisms were designed for satisfying geometric constraints and dynamic loading conditions. The simulations of the prototypes were conducted by LS-DYNA program and the experiments for a prototype were performed for a dynamic model with impact loading devices. The results show that the better operation and the smoother motion are confirmed in the proposed cycloidal gear system rather than the conventional one without interferences between gear teeth under the impact of a crash.

关键词： seat belt pretensioner internal gear pairs involute gear dual cycloid gear

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Contact surface fatigue life for roller rack pinion system

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Journal of Central South University 2012年第12期19卷 3454-3459页

作者： KIM Chang-hyun CHOI Heung-soap kwon soon-man Department of Mechanical Design and Manufacturing Engineering Changwon National UniversityChangwon 641-773Korea Department of Mechano-Informatics and Design Engineering Hongik UniversitySejong 339-701Korea

A roller rack pinion(RRP)system,which consists of a rack-bar and a cam pinion,transforms a rotation motion into linear *** rack-bar has a series of roller train and meshes with the cam ***,the exact tooth profile of the cam pinion and the non-undercut condition to satisfy the required performance have been proposed with the introduction of the profile shift ***,the load stress factors are investigated under the variation of the shape design parameters to predict the gear surface fatigue limit which is strongly related to the gear noise and vibration at the contact *** results show that the pitting life can be extended significantly with the increase of the profile shift coefficient.

关键词： roller rack pinion profile shift coefficient load stress factor pitting life

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