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Synergistic effect of TiO_2 hierarchical submicrospheres for high performance dye-sensitized solar cells

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Science China Chemistry 2017年第6期60卷 822-828页

作者： Jiang Sheng Linhua Hu Li'e Mo Jichun Ye songyuan dai Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Novel Thin Film Solar Cells Institute of Applied Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources North China Electric Power University

The performance of dye-sensitized solar cells(DSCs) could be improved by using rationally designed mesoporous film structure for electron collection, dye adsorption and light scattering. The development of a novel double layer film prepared by TiO_2 hierarchical submicrospheres and nanoparticles was reported in this article. The submicrospheres were composed of rutile nanorods of 10 nm diameter and the length of 150–250 nm, which facilitated fast electron transport, charge collection and light scattering. Using a double layer structure consisting of the 10 wt% film as a dye loading layer and the 50 wt% film as the light scattering layer, C101 sensitizer and liquid electrolyte, DSC yielded power conversion efficiency of 9.68% under 1 sun illumination.

关键词： dye-sensitized solar cells rutile hierarchical submicrospheres high light harvesting high electron collection efficiency

Design and thermal analysis of a water-cooled DSC module

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2016年第8期59卷 1276-1282页

作者： PAN Bin CHEN ShuangHong HUANG Yang SHAO ZhiPeng WENG Jian XIAO ShangFeng dai songyuan Beijing Key Laboratory of Novel Thin-Film Solar Cells North China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206China Key Laboratory of Novel Thin-Film Solar Cells Institute of Applied TechnologyHefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230088China Industrial Technology Research Institute of Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027China

Elevated working temperatures reduce the efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells （DSCs）, and effective temperature regulation protects them from the undesirable efficiency loss. In this work, a semi-transparent DSC module equipped with a cooling sys- tem was designed and constructed for application in buildings, the temperature and output performance of the modules with or without cooling treatment were investigated. The test results showed the cooling system could noticeably improve the power generation and reduce the module temperature. Moreover, we established a mathematical model to analyze the modules＇ ther- mal performances, and introduced the concept of cooling efficiency to evaluate the cooling effect. The model accuracy have been validated utilizing measured data, and the effects of channel depth and mass flow rate on the module temperature and cooling efficiency were further theoretically studied. The combined DSC module has been found to have a good application prospect in building integrated photovoltaic （BIPV）, and the numerical results are important in system design.

关键词： dye-sensitized solar cell thermal analysis water-cooled

Ionic liquid crystal-based electrolyte with enhanced charge transport for dye-sensitized solar cells

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Science China Chemistry 2013年第10期56卷 1463-1469页

作者： PAN Xu WANG Meng FANG XiaQing ZHANG ChangNeng HUO ZhiPeng dai songyuan Key Laboratory of Novel Thin Film Solar Cells Institute of Plasma Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences

A room temperature ionic liquid crystal, 1-dodecyl-3-ethylimidazolium iodide （C12EImI）, and an ionic liquid, 1-decyl-3- ethylimidazolium iodide （Cl0EImI）, have been synthesized, characterized and employed as the electrolyte for dye-sensitized solar cells （DSSC）. The physicochemical properties show that a smectic A （SmA） phase with a lamellar structure is formed in CIzEImI. Both C^2EImI and Cl0EImI have good electrochemical and thermal stability facilitating their use in DSSC. The steady-state voltammograms reveal that the diffusion coefficient of I3- in C^2EImI is larger than that in CmEImI, which is at- tributed to the existence of the SmA phase in Ca2EImI. Because the iodide species are located between the layers of imidazo- lium cations in CjzEImI, exchange reaction-based diffusion is increased with a consequent increase in, the overall diffusion. The electrochemical impedance spectrum reveals that charge recombination at the dyed TiOJelectrolyte interface of a C12EImI-based DSSC is reduced due to the increase in I3- diffusion, resulting in higher open-circuit voltage. Moreover, both short-circuit current density and fill factor of the Cl2EImI based DSSC increase, as a result of the increasing transport of I3 in C^2EImI. Consequently, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of C^2EImI-based DSSC is higher than that of the Cl0EImI-based DSSC.

关键词： ionic liquid crystal dye-sensitized solar cells electrolyte smectic A phase exchange reaction

Inside-out Ostwald ripening： A facile process towards synthesizing anatase TiO2 microspheres for high- efficiency dye-sensitized solar cells

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Nano Research 2016年第7期9卷 1891-1903页

作者： Yong Ding Xin Xia Wangchao Chen Linhua Hu Li'e Mo Yang Huang songyuan dai Beijing Key Laboratory of Novel Thin-Film Solar Cells North China Electric Power University Beijing 102205 China Key Laboratory of Novel Thin-film Solar Cells Institute of Applied Technology Hefei Institutes of Physical Science Chinese Academy ot Sciences Hefei 230031 China

A facile inside-out Ostwald ripening route to the morphology-controlled preparation of TiO2 microspheres is developed. Here, TiO2 hollow microspheres （HM） and solid microspheres （SM） are prepared by adjusting the volume ratio of isopropanol （IPA） to acetylacetone （Acac） in the solvothermal process. During the formation process of HM, precipitation of solid cores, subsequent deposition of outer shells on the surface of cores, and simultaneous core dissolution and shell recrystallizafion are observed, which validate the inside-out Ostwald ripening mechanism. Design and optimization of the properties （pore size, surface area, and trap state） of TiO2 microspheres are vital to the high performance of dye- sensitized solar cells （DSSCs）. The optimized TiO2 rnicrospheres （rHM and rSM） obtained by post-processing on recrystallization, possess large pore sizes, high surface areas and reduced trap states （Ti3~ and oxygen vacancy）, and are thus ideal materials for photovoltaic devices. The power conversion efficiency of DSSCs fabricated using rHM photoanode is 11.22%, which is significantly improved compared with the 10.54% efficiency of the rSM-based DSSC. Our work provides a strategy for synthesizing TiO2 microspheres that simultaneously accommodate different physical properties, in terms of surface area, crystallinity, morphology, and mesoporosity.

关键词： Ostwald ripening dye-sensitized solar cell TiO2 microsphere hollow structure acetylacetone

Surface states in TiO2 submicrosphere films and their effect on electron transport

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Nano Research 2017年第11期10卷 3671-3679页

作者： Li'e Mo Wangchao Chen Ling Jiang Yong Ding Zhaoqian Li Linhua Hu songyuan dai Key Laboratory of Novel Thin Film Solar Cells Institute of Applied Technology Hefei Institutes of Physical Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei 230088 China University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China Beijing Key Laboratory of Novel Thin Film Solar Cells North China Electric Power University Beijing 102206 China

Owing to their special three-dimensional network structure and high specific surface area,TiO2 submicrospheres have been widely used as electron conductors in photoanodes for solar *** recent years,utilization of TiO2 submicrospheres in solar cells has greatly boosted the photovoltaic ***,however,numerous surface states in the TiO2 network affect electron *** this work,the surface states in TiO2 submicrospheres were thoroughly investigated by charge extraction methods,and the results were confirmed by the cyclic voltammetry *** results showed that ammonia can effectively reduce the number of surface states in TiO2 ***,in-depth characterizations indicate that ammonia shifts the conduction band toward a more positive potential and improves the interfacial charge ***,charge recombination is effectively ***,the cell performance is essentially dependent on the effect of the surface states,which affects the electron transfer and recombination process.

关键词： surface states TiO2 submicrospheres solar cells charge extraction methods cyclic voltammetry

A multistep attachment process:Transformation of titanate nanotubes into nanoribbons

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Science China Chemistry 2012年第3期55卷 368-372页

作者： SHENG Jiang HU LinHua MO Li'E LI WenXin TIAN HuaJun dai songyuan Key Laboratory of Novel Thin Film Solar Cells Institute of Plasma PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031China

The mechanism of the conversion of titanate nanotubes into nanoribbons is of considerable *** details of the transformation processes involved when nanoribbons are produced from a P25 TiO 2 powder precursor by alkaline hydrothermal treatment have been investigated systematically by transmission electron microscopy.A multistep attachment model is proposed for the growth at the early stage of *** treatment duration has a strong effect on the change in product morphology from hollow nanotubes into nanoribbons,since the nanotubes cannot retain their morphology in the strong alkaline solution for extended periods of *** of the nanotubes were etched and dissolved,providing the nutrients for subsequent nanoribbon *** stable nanotubes grew spirally internally to form nanowires or became connected together to form rafts which acted as the grains for nanoribbon *** increasing hydrothermal time,a large number of nanotubes and other fragments became attached to the grains which began to grow larger and eventually formed the nanoribbons,in a process in which the stepped faces and kinked faces became fused and were eliminated while the flat faces were retained in the nanoribbon morphology.

关键词： nanoribbon transformation raft structure spiral growth multistep attachment process

Pyridine-triphenylamine hole transport material for inverted perovskite solar cells

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2021年第3期30卷 395-402页

作者： Shuang Ma Xianfu Zhang Xuepeng Liu Rahim Ghadari Molang Cai Yong Ding Muhammad Mateen songyuan dai Beijing Key Laboratory of Novel Thin-Film Solar Cells North China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206China State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources North China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206China Computational Chemistry Laboratory Department of Organic and BiochemistryFaculty of ChemistryUniversity of TabrizTabriz ***Iran

In the light of superior interaction between pyridine unit and perovskite,a facile star-shaped triphenylamine-based hole transport material(HTM)incorporating pyridine core(coded as H-Pyr)is designed and synthesized.A reference HTM with benzene core,coded as H-Ben,is also prepared for a comparative *** effects of varying core on HTMs are investigated by comparing the photophysical,electrochemical and hole mobility *** is found that pyridine core exhibits better conjunction and decreased dihedral angles with triphenylamine side arms than that of benzene,leading to obviously better hole mobility and well-matched work *** perovskite film prepared on H-Pyr also shows improved crystallization than on *** and electrochemical impedance studies indicate improved charge extraction and reduced recombination in the H-Pyr-based perovskite solar ***,H-Pyr-based device exhibits higher efficiency than H-Ben-based *** doping with a Lewis acid,tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane,H-Pyr-based device delivers a champion efficiency of 17.09%,which is much higher compared with 12.14% of the device employing conventional poly(3,4-ethy lenedioxythiophene)polystyrene sulfonate(PEDOT:PSS)as ***,the H-Pyr-based device displays good long-term stability that the power conversion efficiency remains over 80% of the initial value after storage in ambient(relative humidity=50±5%)for 20 days.

关键词： Perovskite solar cell Hole transport material Pyridine-triphenylamine small molecule

C≡N-based carbazole-arylamine hole transporting materials for perovskite solar cells: Substitution position matters

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2021年第11期30卷 563-571,I0013页

作者： Zi'an Zhou Xianfu Zhang Rahim Ghadari Xuepeng Liu Wenjun Wang Yong Ding Molang Cai Jia Hong Pan songyuan dai Beijing Key Laboratory of Novel Thin-Film Solar Cells North China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206China Computational Chemistry Laboratory Department of Organic and BiochemistryFaculty of ChemistryUniversity of TabrizTabriz ***Iran

Hole transporting materials(HTMs)containing passivating groups for perovskite materials have attracted much attention for efficient and stable perovskite solar cells(PSCs).Among them,C≡N-based molecules have been proved as efficient ***,a series of novel C≡N functionalized carbazole-arylamine derivatives with variable C≡N substitution positions(para,meta,and ortho)on benzene-carbazole skeleton(on the adjacent benzene of carbazole)were synthesized(p-HTM,m-HTM and o-HTM).The experimental results exhibit that the substitution positions of the Ctriple bondN unit on HTMs have minor difference on the HOMO energy level and hydrophobicity.m-HTM has a relatively lower glass transition temperature compared with that of p-HTM and *** functional theory calculations show that the C≡N located on meta position exposed very well,and the exposure direction is also the same with the *** applying these molecules as HTMs in PSCs,their device performance is found to sensitively depend on the substitution position of the C≡N unit on the molecule *** devices using m-HTM and o-HTM exhibit better performance than that of ***,m-HTM-based devices exhibit better light-soaking performance and long-term stability,which could be resulted from better interaction with the perovskite according to DFT ***,we further prepared a HTM with two C≡N units on the symmetrical meta position of molecular skeleton(2m-HTM).Interestingly,2m-HTM-based devices exhibit relatively inferior performance compared with that of the m-HTM,which could be resulted from weak negative electrical character of C≡N unit on *** results give some new insights for designing ideal HTM for efficient and stable PSCs.

关键词： Hole transporting materials Cyano group Substitution position Perovskite solar cells

Molecular-dynamics investigation of the simple droplet critical wetting behavior at a stripe pillar edge defect

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Chinese Physics B 2019年第1期28卷 447-452页

作者： Xiaolong Liu Chengyun Hong Yong Ding Xuepeng Liu Jianxi Yao songyuan dai Beijing Key Laboratory of Novel Thin-Film Solar Cells&Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Safety and Clean UtilizationNorth China Electric Power University Renewable Energy School North China Electric Power University

The microscopic stripe pillar is one of the most frequently adopted building blocks for hydrophobic substrates. However, at high temperatures the particles on the droplet surface readily evaporate and re-condense on the pillar sidewall,which makes the droplet highly unstable and undermines the overall hydrophobic performance of the pillar. In this work,molecular dynamics(MD) simulation of the simple liquid at a single stripe pillar edge defect is performed to characterize the droplet's critical wetting properties considering the evaporation–condensation effect. From the simulation results, the droplets slide down from the edge defect with a volume smaller than the critical value, which is attributed to the existence of the wetting layer on the stripe pillar sidewall. Besides, the analytical study of the pillar sidewall and wetting layer potential field distribution manifests the relation between the simulation parameters and the degree of the droplet pre-wetting, which agrees well with the MD simulation results.

关键词： molecular-dynamics simulation simple liquid single stripe critical wetting