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Overfitting effect of artificial neural network based nonlinear equalizer: from mathematical origin to transmission evolution

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2020年第6期63卷 67-79页

作者： Zheng YANG Fan GAO songnian fu Ming TANG Deming LIU Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics School of Optical and Electronic InformationHuazhong University of Science and Technology Alibaba Infrastructure Service Alibaba Group

Overfitting effect of artificial neural network(ANN) based nonlinear equalizer(NLE) leads to a trap of bit error ratio(BER) overestimation in optical fiber communication system, especially when the performance is evaluated by the commonly-used pseudo-random binary sequence(PRBS). First, we mathematically investigate the PRBS generation and Gray code mapping rules, in comparison with the use of Mersenne Twister random sequence(MTRS). Under the condition of a symbol erasure channel, we identify that ANN can recognize both the PRBS generation and symbol mapping rules, by increasing the weights of NLE at specific positions, whereas the MTRS is currently safe owing to the limited input length of current ANN based NLE. Then, we design four channel models of fiber optical transmission to experimentally examine various impairments on the evolution of overfitting effect. When both the additive white Gaussian noise(AWGN) channel and the bandwidth limited channel are considered, the mitigation of overfitting becomes possible by the use of pruned PRBS(P-PRBS) training set with removing the generation and mapping rules determined input symbols. However, as for both the chromatic dispersion(CD) uncompensated channel and the CD managed channel, the overfitting effect becomes serious, because both CD and fiber nonlinearity induced inter-symbol interference(ISI) is beneficial for ANN to identify the PRBS symbol rules. Finally,possible solutions to mitigate the overfitting effect are summarized.

关键词： artificial neural network nonlinear equalizer pseudo-random binary sequence overfitting

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Double-branch fusion network with a parallel attention selection mechanism for camouflaged object detection

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2023年第6期66卷 258-266页

作者： Junjiang XIANG Qing PAN Zhengrong ZHANG songnian fu Yuwen QIN Advanced Institute of Photonics Technology School of Information EngineeringGuangdong University of Technology Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Information Technology Guangdong University of Technology Guangxi Key Laboratory of Multimedia Communications and Network Technology School of Computer Electronics and InformationGuangxi University

To meet the challenge of camouflaged object detection (COD),which has a high degree of intrinsic similarity between the object and background,this paper proposes a double-branch fusion network(DBFN)with a parallel attention selection mechanism (PASM).In detail,a schismatic receptive field block(SRF)combined with an attention mechanism for low-level information is performed to learn texture features in one branch,and an integration of the SRF,a hybrid attention mechanism (HAM),and a depth feature polymerization module (DFPM)is employed for high-level information to extract detection features in the other ***,both texture features and detection features are input into the PASM to acquire selective expression ***,the final result is obtained after further selective matrix optimization with atrous spatial pyramid pooling (ASPP)and a residual channel attention block (RCAB)being applied *** results on three public datasets verify that our method outperforms the state-of-the-art methods in terms of four evaluation metrics,i.e.,mean absolute error (MAE),weighted F βmeasure (Fβω),structural measure (Sα),and E-measure (Eφ)

关键词： camouflaged object detection attention mechanism feature extraction feature aggregation texture information fuzzy boundary

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Optical true time delay pool-based beamforming and limited feedback for reconfigurable intelligent surface-empowered cloud radio access networks

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2021年第10期64卷 88-102页

作者： Huan HUANG Xiaowen WANG Chongfu ZHANG Jie PENG Muchuan YANG songnian fu Deming LIU Kun QIU School of Information and Communication Engineering Zhongshan InstituteUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of China School of Electronic Information University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaZhongshan Institute School of Information Engineering Guangdong University of Technology School of Optical and Electronic Information Huazhong University of Science and Technology

Introducing reconfigurable intelligent surfaces(RISs) greatly improves the wireless propagation environment. Limited to feedback overheads and computing power, the low-complexity precoding and the cost-effective beamforming implementation are urgently demanded in RIS-empowered millimeter-wave cloud radio access networks(mmWave C-RANs). Herein, an optical true time delay pool-based hybrid beamforming(OTTDP-based HBF) scheme, enabling centralized analog beamforming control, is proposed for RIS-empowered mmWave C-RANs. By using codebook quantization techniques, we develop a non-iterative limited feedback(NI-LF) precoding algorithm for the RIS-empowered mmWave C-RAN using the proposed OTTDP-based HBF. In the NI-LF precoding algorithm, the complex joint optimization problem of hybrid precoding and phase-shifting of RIS is equivalently formulated as a maximum ratio transmission(MRT)problem and a sparse reconstruction problem. For an active antenna unit(AAU) equipped with eight antennas, a designed example of the proposed OTTDP is presented. furthermore, for a RIS-empowered mmWave C-RAN at 28 GHz, the received signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) curves obtained via different precoding schemes are compared and discussed. Compared with the precoding without RIS, the proposed NI-LF precoding by using different codebooks to quantize the phase-shifting of the RIS respectively achieves 20.56, 19.55, and18.93 dB performance improvement for the user located near the 49-element RIS. Moreover, performance degradations due to limited feedback are analyzed. The computational complexity and overhead of the proposed NI-LF precoding algorithm are also given and discussed.

关键词： reconfigurable intelligent surface optical true time delay millimeter-wave cloud radio access network limited feedback

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Linear shallow neural network to accelerate transmitter dispersion eye closure quaternary(TDECQ) assessment

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第4期67卷 337-338页

作者： Junjiang XIANG Zejun CHEN Yijun CHENG Hailin YANG Xuancheng HUO Meng XIANG Gai ZHOU Yuwen QIN songnian fu Institute of Advanced Photonics Technology School of Information EngineeringGuangdong University of Technology School of Optical and Electronic Information Huazhong University of Science and Technology Key Laboratory of Photonic Technology for Integrated Sensing and Communication Ministry of Education of ChinaGuangdong University of Technology Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Photonics Technology Guangdong University of Technology

To support the ever-emerging capacity requirement of datacenter interconnection(DCI) applications, transmitter dispersion eye closure quaternary(TDECQ) has been proposed by IEEE802.3 standard [1], which is specifically employed for the four-level pulse amplitude modulation(PAM-4) signals. However, the traditional scheme of TDECQ assessment needs several iterative operations,

关键词： IEEE Standards

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Negative refraction mediated by bound states in the continuum

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Photonics Research 2021年第8期9卷 1592-1597页

作者： ZHANYUAN ZHANG FEIFEI QIN YI XU songnian fu YUNCAI WANG YUWEN QIN Department of Electronic Engineering College of Information Science and TechnologyJinan UniversityGuangzhou 510632China Advanced Institute of Photonics Technology School of Information Engineeringand Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Photonics TechnologyGuangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China

Negative refraction might occur at the interface between a two-dimensional photonic crystal(Ph C)slab and a homogeneous medium,where the guiding of the electromagnetic wave along the third dimension is governed by total internal ***,we report on the observation of negative refraction in the Ph C slab where the vertical guiding is enabled by a bound state in the continuum and essentially beyond the light *** abnormal refraction and guiding mechanism are based on the synchronous crafting of spatial dispersion and the radiative lifetime of Bloch modes within the radiative *** experiments are provided to further validate the numerical proposal in an all-dielectric Ph C *** is envisioned that the negative refraction observed beyond the light cone might facilitate the development of optical devices in integrated optics,such as couplers,multiplexers,and demultiplexers.

关键词： refraction continuum radiative

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Distributed Brillouin frequency shift extraction via a convolutional neural network

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Photonics Research 2020年第5期8卷 690-697页

作者： YIQING CHANG HAO WU CAN ZHAO LI SHEN songnian fu MING TANG Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics(WNLO)&National Engineering Laboratory for Next Generation Internet Access System School of Optical and Electronic InformationHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China

Distributed optical fiber Brillouin sensors detect the temperature and strain along a fiber according to the local Brillouin frequency shift(BFS),which is usually calculated by the measured Brillouin spectrum using Lorentzian curve *** addition,cross-correlation,principal component analysis,and machine learning methods have been proposed for the more efficient extraction of ***,existing methods only process the Brillouin spectrum individually,ignoring the correlation in the time domain,indicating that there is still room for ***,we propose and experimentally demonstrate a BFS extraction convolutional neural network(BFSCNN)to retrieve the distributed BFS directly from the measured two-dimensional *** ideal Brillouin spectra with various parameters are used to train the *** the simulation and experimental results show that the extraction accuracy of the BFSCNN is better than that of the traditional curve fitting algorithm with a much shorter processing *** BFSCNN has good universality and robustness and can effectively improve the performances of existing Brillouin sensors.

关键词： neural network individual

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Differential mode-gain equalization via femtosecond laser micromachining-induced refractive index tailoring

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Light(Advanced Manufacturing) 2024年第2期5卷 24-32页

作者： Cong Zhang Senyu Zhang Yan Zeng Yue Wang Meng Xiang Di Lin songnian fu Yuwen Qin Institute of Advanced Photonics Technology School of Information EngineeringGuangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou510006China Key Laboratory of Photonic Technology for Integrated Sensing and Communication Ministry of Education of ChinaGuangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou510006China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Photonic Technology Guangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China School of Optical and Electronic Information Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074China

The mode-division multiplexing technique combined with a few-mode erbium-doped fiber amplifier(FM-EDFA)demonstrates significant potential for solving the capacity limitation of standard single-mode fiber(SSMF)transmission ***,the differential mode gain(DMG)arising in the FM-EDFA fundamentally limits its transmission capacity and ***,an innovative DMG equalization strategy using femtosecond laser micromachining to adjust the refractive index(RI)is *** mode-dependent attenuations can be achieved according to the DMG profile of the FM-EDFA,enabling DMG *** validate the proposed strategy,DMG equalization of the commonly used FM-EDFA configuration was *** results revealed that by optimizing both the length and RI modulation depth of the femtosecond laser-tailoring area,the maximum DMG(DMGmax)among the 3 linear-polarized(LP)mode-group was mitigated from 10 dB to 1.52 dB,whereas the average DMG(DMGave)over the C-band was reduced from 8.95 dB to 0.78 ***,a 2-LP mode-group DMG equalizer was experimentally demonstrated,resulting in a reduction of the DMGmax from 2.09 dB to 0.46 dB,and a reduction of DMGave over the C band from 1.64 dB to 0.26 dB,with only a 1.8 dB insertion ***,a maximum range of variable DMG equalization was achieved with 5.4 dB,satisfying the requirements of the most commonly used 2-LP mode-group amplification scenarios.

关键词： Mode-division multiplexing Few-mode Erbium-doped fiber amplifier Differential mode gain Femtosecond laser micromachining

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High-performance polarization management devices based on thin-film lithium niobate

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Light(Science & Applications) 2022年第5期11卷 868-876页

作者： Zhongjin Lin Yanmei Lin Hao Li Mengyue Xu Mingbo He Wei Ke Heyun Tan Ya Han Zhaohui Li Dawei Wang X.Steve Yao songnian fu Siyuan Yu Xinlun Cai State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies School of Electronics and Information TechnologySun Yat-sen University510275 GuangzhouChina Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of British ColumbiaVancouverBC V6T 1Z4Canada Photonics Information Innovation Center and Hebei Provincial Center for Optical Sensing Innovations College of Physics Science and TechnologyHebei University071002 BaodingChina Institute of Advanced Photonics Technology School of Information EngineeringGuangdong University of Technology510006 GuangzhouChina

High-speed polarization management is highly desirable for many applications,such as remote sensing,telecommunication,and medical ***,most of the approaches for polarization management rely on bulky optical components that are slow to respond,cumbersome to use,and sometimes with high drive ***,we overcome these limitations by harnessing photonic integrated circuits based on thin-film lithium niobate *** successfully realize a portfolio of thin-film lithium niobate devices for essential polarization management functionalities,including arbitrary polarization generation,fast polarization measurement,polarization scrambling,and automatic polarization *** present devices feature ultra-fast control speeds,low drive voltages,low optical losses and compact *** these devices,we achieve high fidelity polarization generation with a polarization extinction ratio up to 41.9 dB and fast polarization scrambling with a scrambling rate up to 65 Mrad s−1,both of which are best results in integrated *** also demonstrate the endless polarization state tracking operation in our *** demonstrated devices unlock a drastically new level of performance and scales in polarization management devices,leading to a paradigm shift in polarization management.

关键词： polarization lithium film

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Flexible rotation of transverse optical field for 2D self-accelerating beams with a designated trajectory

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Opto-Electronic Advances 2021年第3期4卷 45-52页

作者： Lei Zhu Xuesong Zhao Chen Liu songnian fu Yuncai Wang Yuwen Qin Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic InformationHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China School of Information Engineering Guangdong University of Technologyand Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Information TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China

Self-accelerating beams have the unusual ability to remain diffraction-free while undergo the transverse shift during the free-space *** theoretically identify that the transverse optical field distribution of 2D self-accelerating beam is determined by the selection of the transverse Cartesian coordinates,when the caustic method is utilized for its trajectory *** on the coordinate-rotation method,we experimentally demonstrate a scheme to flexibly manipulate the rotation of transverse optical field for 2D self-accelerating beams under the condition of a designated *** this scheme,the transverse optical field can be rotated within a range of 90 degrees,especially when the trajectory of 2D self-accelerating beams needs to be maintained for free-space photonic interconnection.

关键词： self-accelerating beams optical field caustic

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Distributed curvature sensing based on a bending loss-resistant ring-core fiber

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Photonics Research 2020年第2期8卷 165-174页

作者： LI SHEN HAO WU CAN ZHAO LEI SHEN RUI ZHANG WEIJUN TONG songnian fu MING TANG Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics(WNLO)&National Engineering Laboratory for Next Generation Internet Access System School of Optical and Electronic InformationHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China State Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber and Cable Manufacture Technology Yangtze Optical Fiber and Cable Joint Stock Limited Company(YOFC)R&D CenterWuhan 430073China

A theoretical and experimental study on curvature sensing using a Brillouin optical time-domain analyzer based on the ring-core fiber(RCF)is *** Brillouin gain spectrum of the RCF is investigated,and the Brillouin frequency shift(BFS)dependence on temperature and strain is *** theoretically analyze the fiber bending-induced BFS and peak Brillouin gain variation for the RCF through a numerical simulation method,and the RCF is revealed to have a high curvature *** curvature sensing is successfully demonstrated,with the bending radius ranging from 0.5 to 1.5 cm,corresponding to a BFS variation from 32.90 to7.81 *** RCF takes advantage of great bending loss resistance,and the maximum macrobending loss at the extreme bending radius of 0.5 cm is less than 0.01 d B/***,the peak Brillouin gain of the RCF is discovered to vary significantly in response to fiber bending,which is expected to be another parameter for distributed curvature *** results imply that the RCF is a promising candidate for highly sensitive distributed curvature measurement,especially in sharp bending circumstances.

关键词： fiber bending curvature

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