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River Rafting in Mountainous Regions of Uttarakhand:Impacts,Suggested Mitigation Measures and Sustainability

Journal of Mountain Science 2012年第4期9卷 511-522页

作者： Parth Sarathi MAHAPATRA Rajiv PANDEY sonali pradhan Forest Research Institute DehradunUttarakhandIndia CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology BhubaneswarOdishaIndia HNBG University SrinagarUttarakhandIndia Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology BhubaneswarOdishaIndia

Uttarakhand state in India is well known for its mountainous ecosystems, traditional communities and a variety of ecotourism destinations. Among various tourism activities, River Rafting along the banks of the Ganges River has increased tremendously for two decades, and has had unprecedented impacts on the traditional communities and the bio-diversity. Therefore, it is meaningful to do a comprehensive study on the various impacts associated with river rafting so as to suggest the pathways to achieve the environmental sustainability in this region. In this study, we collected primary data from randomly selected population units across all stake holders such as local people （n = too）, and camp personnel （n = 22）, through a pre-tested questionnaire survey between August 2009 and May 2010. The questionnaire contains issues on culture, social, economic, institutional and associated perceived impacts on pollution and biodiversity including views for sustainability. Secondary information was also collected from various sources and government records to supplement and strengthen the analysis. The impacts were analyzed qualitatively through a ranking mechanism to facilitate the decision making process. The perception of the interviewee about the various possible impacts of rafting was discussed with mitigating mechanism. The ranking analysis as percollected data reveals that economy and education of local community was improved significantly; however aquatic and terrestrial fauna, social cohesion and pollution （water, air, land） were significantly deteriorated. The results show that the existing practices are not sufficient to address the adverse impacts. Improvement in practices is necessary, mainly in the policy regime. Based on the analysis, some measures are recommended on how to protect community interest and environment with the development of river rafting as an ecotourism opportunity.

关键词： Eco-tourism The Ganges Impactranking Traditional community

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Structural,optical and dielectric investigations on RECr_(0.85)Mn_(0.15)O_(3)(RE=Ho,Gd and Pr) nanoparticles

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第2期42卷 399-408,I0006页

作者： Komal Kanwar sonali pradhan S.Satapathy Yugandhar Bitla Neeraj Panwar Department of Physics Central University of Rajasthan BandarsindrAjmer305817RajasthanIndia Laser Material Section HBNIRaja Ramanna Centre for Advanced TechnologyIndore452013India

We hereby report the room-temperature structural and optical characterization of RECr_(0.85)Mn_(0.15)O_(3)(RECMO,RE=Ho,Gd and Pr) compounds synthesized by the auto-combustion sol-gel *** low temperature dielectric properties are also *** RECMO compounds crystallize in an orthorhombic Pbnm symmetry with an average grain size range of 51-80 *** analysis reveals an increase in the structural distortion compared to that of the undoped bulk *** measurements exhibit a significant reduction in bandgap values for RECMO nanoparticles when compared with their undoped bulk ***,from the absorbance measurements various optical parameters such as skin depth,extinction coefficient,refractive index and optical conductivity were also *** dielectric analysis confirms the lower values of the dielectric permittivity and dielectric loss than those of their corresponding bulk *** conductivity versus frequency and temperature data are fitted according to the Jonscher's power law and Arrhenius law,*** small polaron hopping is responsible for the electric conduction in these *** tunability of the optical and dielectric properties as a result of substitution and particle size reduction makes these materials useful for various potential applications in photocatalysis,optoelectronics and low permittivity dielectrics.

关键词： Rare-earth orthochromites Nanoparticles Optical properties Dispersion parameters Dielectric properties Small polaron hopping

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