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Virtual reality simulation in endoscopy training:Current evidence and future directions

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第48期24卷 5439-5445页

作者： Tahrin Mahmood Michael Anthony Scaffidi Rishad Khan Samir ChANDra grover Division of Gastroenterology St.Michael's HospitalUniversity of Toronto

Virtual reality simulation is becoming the standard when beginning endoscopic training. It offers various benefits including learning in a low-stakes environment, improvement of patient safety and optimization of valuable endoscopy time. This is a review of the evidence surrounding virtual reality simulation and its efficacy in teaching endoscopic techniques. There have been 21 randomized controlled trials(RCTs) that have investigated virtual reality simulation as a teaching tool in endoscopy. 10 RCTs studied virtual reality in colonoscopy, 3 in flexible sigmoidoscopy, 5 in esophagogastroduodenoscopy, and 3 in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. RCTs reported many outcomes including distance advanced in colonoscopy, comprehensive assessment of technical and non-technical skills, and patient comfort. Generally, these RCTs reveal that trainees with virtual reality simulation based learning improve in all of these areas in the beginning of the learning process. Virtual reality simulation was not effective as a replacement of conventional teaching methods. Additionally, feedback was shown to be an essential part of the learning process. Overall, virtual reality endoscopic simulation is emerging as a necessary augment to conventional learning given the ever increasing importance of patient safety and increasingly valuable endoscopy time; although work is still needed to study the nuances surrounding its integration into curriculum.

关键词： Endoscopy Gastrointestinal/education Endoscopy Gastrointestinal/standards Simulation Educational measurement Clinical competence/standards Competency-based medical education

A systematic review of objective burn scar measurements

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Burns & Trauma 2016年第2期4卷 90-122页

作者： Kwang Chear Lee Janine Dretzke Liam grover Ann Logan Naiem Moiemen The Healing Foundation Burn Research Centre University Hospital Birmingham Foundation TrustBirmingham B152THUK School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine College of Medical and Dental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirmingham B152TTUK Public Health Epidemiology and BiostatisticsInstitute of Applied Health ResearchCollege of Medical and Dental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirmingham B152TTUK School of Chemical Engineering University of BirminghamBirmingham B152TTUK School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine College of Medical and Dental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirmingham B152TTUK The Healing Foundation Burn Research Centre University Hospital Birmingham Foundation TrustBirmingham B152THUK

Background:Problematic scarring remains a challenging aspect to address in the treatment of burns and can significantly affect the quality of life of the burn *** present,there are few treatments available in the clinic to control adverse scarring,but experimental pharmacological anti-scarring strategies are now beginning to *** comparative success must be based on objective measurements of scarring,yet currently the clinical assessment of scars is not carried out systematically and is mostly based on subjective review of ***,several techniques and devices are being introduced that allow objective analysis of the burn *** aim of this article is to evaluate various objective measurement tools currently available and recommend a useful panel that is suitable for use in clinical trials of anti-scarring ***:A systematic literature search was done using the Web of Science,PubMed and Cochrane *** identified devices were then classified and grouped according to the parameters they *** tools were then compared and assessed in terms of inter-and intra-rater reproducibility,ease of use and ***:After duplicates were removed,5062 articles were obtained in the *** further screening,157 articles which utilised objective burn scar measurement systems or tools were *** scar measurement devices can be broadly classified into those measuring colour,metric variables,texture,biomechanical properties and pathophysiological ***:Objective scar measurement tools allow the accurate and reproducible evaluation of scars,which is important for both clinical and scientific ***,studies to evaluate their relative performance and merits of these tools are scarce,and there remain factors,such as itch and pain,which cannot be measured *** reviewing the available evidence,a panel of devices for objective scar measurement is recommended consisting of the 3D cameras(Eyk

关键词： Scar measurement Burn Objective measurement 3D camera Laser imaging High-frequency ultrasound image Colorimeter Cutometer

Generalization performance of a deep learning based engine-out emissions model

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作者： grover Smith.

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能源与人工智能(英文) 2021年第3期5卷 325-329页

作者： Alok Warey Jian Gao Ronald O.grover Jr. General Motors Global Research and Development 30500 Mound RoadWarrenMI 48090United States

In our previous work[1],an ensemble of Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)models was used to predict engine-out emissions of Carbon Monoxide(CO),Unburned Hydrocarbons(HC)and Smoke directly from in-cylinder con-tours of multiple scalar fields-Equivalence Ratio,Temperature,Velocity and Turbulent Kinetic Energy(TKE)at Exhaust Valve Opening(EVO)generated by physics based Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)simulations and experimentally measured emissions data.A dataset of 600 CFD generated images,one for each engine operating condition,from a 1.6L light-duty diesel engine was used for training,validation and testing of the CNN ensemble *** this short communication,several modifications were made to the image data generation and training *** ensemble of CNN models was re-trained per the new procedure on the modified image dataset from the 1.6L *** generalization capability of this re-trained deep learning model was investigated by evaluating its prediction performance on a test dataset from a 3.0L diesel engine that was not used previously for training,validation or *** CNN ensemble model re-trained on the 1.6L engine dataset captured the qual-itative trends for all three emissions species on the 3.0L engine test dataset,however,quantitatively its prediction performance was not as *** work with additional engines and input features is planned to improve the generalization performance of the CNN based emissions prediction model.

关键词： performance prediction engine

Inhibition of proliferation of retinal vascular endothelial cells more effectively than choroidal vascular endothelial cell proliferation by bevacizumab

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2017年第1期10卷 15-22页

作者： Bharani Krishna Mynampati Kumar Sambhav Sandeep grover Kakarla V.Chalam Department of Ophthalmology University of FloridaCollegeof MedicineJacksonvilleFL 32209USA

AIM： To evaluate the differential inhibitory effects of bevacizumab on cell proliferation of vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF）-stimulated choroidal vascular endothelial cells （CVECs） and retinal vascular endothelial cells （RVECs） in ***： VEGF （400 ng/mL） enriched CVECs and RVECs were treated with escalating doses of bevacizumab （0.1, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 mg/mL）. Cell proliferation changes were analyzed with WST-1 assay and trypan blue exclusion assay at 48, 72h and 1wk. Morphological changes were recorded with bright field ***： VEGF enriched RVECs showed significantly more decline of cell viability than CVECs after bevacizumab treatment. One week after treatment, RVEC cell proliferation decreased by 29.7%, 37.5%, 52.8%, 35.9% and 45.6% at 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2 mg/mL bevacizumab respectively compared to CVEC proliferation decrease of 4.1%, 7.7%, 2.4%, 4.1% and 17.7% （P〈0.05） by WST-1 assay. Trypan blue exclusion assay also revealed similar decrease in RVEC proliferation of 20%, 60%, 73.3%, 80% and 93.3% compared to CVEC proliferation decrease of 4%, 12%, 22.9%, 16.7% and 22.2% respectively （P〈0.05）. The maximum differential effect between the two cell types was observed at bevacizumab doses of 1.0 and 1.5 mg/mL at all time points. RVECs were 22 fold more sensitive （P〈0.01） compared to CVECs （52.8% vs 2.4%） at concentration of 1.0 mg/mL, and 8.7 fold more at 1.5 mg/mL （35.9% vs 4.1%） 1wk after treatment （P〈0.05 respectively）.CONCLUSION： VEGF-enriched RVECs are more susceptible to bevacizumab inhibition than CVECs at clinically used dosage of 1.25 mg and this differential sensitivity between two cell types should be taken into consideration in dosage selection.

关键词： bevacizumab retinal vascular endothelialcells choroidal vascular endothelial cells

Machine Learning with Dimensionality Reduction for DDoS Attack Detection

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第8期72卷 2665-2682页

作者： Shaveta Gupta Dinesh grover Ahmad Ali AlZubi Nimit Sachdeva Mirza Waqar Baig Jimmy Singla IK Gujral Punjab Technical University Jalandhar144603India Department.of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Punjab Agriculture UniversityLudhiana141004India Department of Computer Science Community CollegeKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11437Saudi Arabia Vunsol Private Limited Mohali160055India Department of Electrical Engineering FAST National UniversityCFD CampusFaisalabad44000Pakistan School of Computer Science and Engineering Lovely Professional UniversityPunjab144001India

With the advancement of internet,there is also a rise in cybercrimes and digital ***(Distributed Denial of Service)attack is the most dominant weapon to breach the vulnerabilities of internet and pose a significant threat in the digital *** cyber-attacks are generated deliberately and consciously by the hacker to overwhelm the target with heavy traffic that genuine users are unable to use the target *** a result,targeted services are inaccessible by the legitimate *** prevent these attacks,researchers are making use of advanced Machine Learning classifiers which can accurately detect the DDoS ***,the challenge in using these techniques is the limitations on capacity for the volume of data and the required processing *** this research work,we propose the framework of reducing the dimensions of the data by selecting the most important features which contribute to the predictive *** show that the‘lite’model trained on reduced dataset not only saves the computational power,but also improves the predictive *** show that dimensionality reduction can improve both effectiveness(recall)and efficiency(precision)of the model as compared to the model trained on‘full’dataset.

关键词： DDoS(Distributed denial of service) internet ML(machine learning) accuracy

Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第44期15卷 5511-5516页

作者： Sudeep Tanwar Shahid A Khan Vijay Paul Bob grover Catherine Gwilt Belinda Smith Ashley Brown Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology Imperial College LondonSt Mary's Hospital CampusPraed StreetLondon W2 1NYUnited Kingdom

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the commonest primary malignancy of the liver. It usually occurs in the setting of chronic liver disease and has a poor prognosis if untreated. Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is a suitable therapeutic option for early,unresectable HCC particularly in the setting of chronic liver disease. Following on from disappointing initial results,the seminal study by Mazzaferro et al in 1996 established OLT as a viable treatment for HCC. In this study,the "Milan criteria" were applied achieving a 4-year survival rate similar to OLT for benign disease. Since then various groups have attempted to expand these criteria whilst maintaining long term survival rates. The technique of living donor liver transplantation has evolved over the past decade,particularly in Asia,and published outcome data is comparable to that of OLT. This article will review the evidence,indications,and the future direction of liver transplantation for liver cancer.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Selection criteria Liver transplantation Living donors

A High Power Conversion Efficiency L-Band Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier

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光学学报 2003年第S1期23卷 383-384页

作者： Z.G. Lu C.P. grover Institute for National Measurement Standards National Research Council M-50 1200 Montreal Road Ottawa ON K1 A OR6 CanadaInstitute for National Measurement Standards National Research Council M-50 1200 Montreal Road Ottawa ON K1 A OR6 Canada

By using two sections of erbium doped fiber and a fiber optical reflector, a novel, highly efficient L-band amplifier is demonstrated with significantly power-conversion-efficiency enhancement and the gain increasing ... 详细信息

关键词： EDFA as of length high with A High Power Conversion Efficiency L-Band Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier ASE been for

Polymers in Waveguide Packaging

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光学学报 2003年第S1期23卷 177-178页

作者： G Z. Xiao C. P. grover Photonic System Group Institute for National Measurement Standards National Research Council Canada Ottawa Ontario K1A0R6 CanadaPhotonic System Group Institute for National Measurement Standards National Research Council Canada Ottawa Ontario K1A0R6 Canada

Polymers were successfully used in the packaging of waveguide-based photonic components in the area of fiber-to-waveguide coupling, waveguide die attachment, strain relief, and waveguide encapsulation. The application... 详细信息

关键词： in on of for Polymers in Waveguide Packaging VOA high than AWG