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Low Reverse T3: A Reliable, Sensitive and Specific in Diagnosis of Central Hypothyroidism*

Open Journal of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases 2021年第7期11卷 137-143页

作者： Sarah Exley sonal banzal Udaya Kabadi Broadlawns Medical Center Des Moines Iowa USA University of Iowa Iowa City Iowa USA

Background: Low free T4 and normal/low TSH concentrations are often noted in clinical practice and denote presence of “Euthyroid Sick Syndrome” or Central Hypothyroidism. However, accurate diagnosis is difficult even with determination of free T3 being low/normal in both. Repeated determination of these tests may help differentiate between these disorders. Objective: Evaluation of reverse T3 to differentiate between “Euthyroid Sick Syndrome” and Central Hypothyroidism. Subjects and Methods: Free T3 and Reverse T3 were determined as “add on” tests using previously drawn blood samples of 78 consecutive adults showing low free T4, 0.80 ± 0.02 and low/normal TSH, 1.29 ± 0.40 [normal ranges, 0.89 - 1.70 mcg/dl;0.45 - 4.67 uU/ml]. Free T4, free T3, TSH and reverse T3 levels were also determined in age-matched 35 healthy volunteers and reassessed in study group. Statistical analyses for comparisons were conducted between groups. All data are reported as Mean ± SEM. Results: Reverse T3 established two distinct groups: 1) subnormal concentrations, 8.31 ± 0.52 [range, 11 - 14 ng/dl];2) supernormal levels;32 ± 4 [normal Range 12 - 26]. Free T3 concentrations were subnormal or normal, 1.6 - 2.9 [normal range, 2.3 - 4.2 ng/ml] in individuals amongst both groups. On reassessment after 3 - 6 weeks, free T4, free T3, TSH and reverse T3 normalized in group with normal or elevated reverse T3 indicating recovery from “Euthyroid Sick Syndrome” whereas free T4 and reverse T3 remained subnormal in the other group suggesting presence of Central Hypothyroidism. Conclusion: Reverse T3 is a reliable laboratory test differentiating between Central Hypothyroidism and “Euthyroid Sick Syndrome” in subjects with low free T4 and low/normal TSH levels.

关键词： Euthyroid Sick Syndrome Central Hypothyroidism Reverse T3 Free T4 Free T3 TSH

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Marked Improvement in Glycemic Control with Exenatide on Addition to Metformin, Sulfonylurea and Insulin Glargine in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, a Real World Experience

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Journal of Diabetes Mellitus 2018年第4期8卷 152-159页

作者： Salina Esmail sonal banzal Udaya M. Kabadi University of Iowa Iowa City IA USA MGM College of Medicine Indore India Broadlawns Medical Center Des Moines IA USA

Background: The major effect of Exenatide is attributed to lowering of post-prandial glycemia, whereas insulin glargine mainly improves fasting glycemia [FPG]. Objective: Therefore, we assessed effect of Exenatide administration at 6 months and for at 1 year on glycemic control, lipids, body weight [BW], daily insulin dose and hypoglycemic events. Methods: Records of 164 subjects, 126 men and 38 women administered Exenatide between January 2011 and December 2013 are included in this report. Exenatide was initiated at 5 mcg subcutaneously twice daily [BID] in obese subjects, BMI > 30 kg/m2, with C-peptide > 1 ng/d, and HbA1c 7.5% - 9.5%, while receiving daily metformin 2000 mg, Sulfonylurea Glimepiride 8 mg and insulin Glargine [GLAR]. Exclusion criteria were creatinine > 1.5 mg/dL and liver enzymes > 2.5 times upper limit of normal. Indices of glycemic control include fasting plasma glucose levels and HbA1c. Lipids include serum concentrations of total, LDL and HDL cholesterol. Other endpoints are body weight, daily insulin dose and number of hypoglycemic events per patient during 4 weeks prior to initiation of Exenatide, at 6 months and 1 year of therapy. Results: In 37 subjects, Exenatide was discontinued within 1 - 3 weeks;29 due to onset of nausea and vomiting. Seven of these also complained of abdominal pain and in these, serum amylase and lipase were elevated indicating presence of acute pancreatitis. One subject discontinued because of chest pain. Fasting plasma Glucose remained unchanged following Exenatide administration. However, HbA1c declined significantly denoting improvement in overall glycemic control without significant changes in body weight, daily insulin dose and hypoglycemic events. Lipid panel improved as well. Conclusion: Exenatide may be an appropriate adjuvant option in obese subjects with Type 2 diabetes mellitus with lack of desirable glycemic control while receiving therapy with Metformin, Glimepiride, and insulin Glargine. Moreover, impro

关键词： Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Glycemic Control Insulin Glargine Metformin Sulfonylurea Exenatide

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Medical Data Clustering and Classification Using TLBO and Machine Learning Algorithms

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第3期70卷 4523-4543页

作者： Ashutosh Kumar Dubey Umesh Gupta sonal Jain Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology Chitkara UniversityPunjabIndia Institute of Engineering and Technology JK Lakshmipat UniversityJaipurIndia

This study aims to empirically analyze teaching-learning-based optimization(TLBO)and machine learning algorithms using k-means and fuzzy c-means(FCM)algorithms for their individual performance evaluation in terms of clustering and *** the first phase,the clustering(k-means and FCM)algorithms were employed independently and the clustering accuracy was evaluated using different *** the second phase,the non-clustered data obtained from the first phase were preprocessed with *** was performed using k-means(TLBO-KM)and FCM(TLBO-FCM)(TLBO-KM/FCM)*** objective function was determined by considering both minimization and maximization ***-clustered data obtained from the first phase were further utilized and fed as input for threshold *** benchmark datasets were considered from theUniversity of California,Irvine(UCI)Machine Learning Repository for comparative study and *** are breast cancer Wisconsin(BCW),Pima Indians Diabetes,Heart-Statlog,Hepatitis,and Cleveland Heart Disease *** combined average accuracy obtained collectively is approximately 99.4%in case of TLBO-KM and 98.6%in case of *** approach is also capable of finding the dominating *** findings indicate that TLBO-KM/FCM,considering different computational measures,perform well on the non-clustered data where k-means and FCM,if employed independently,fail to provide significant *** different feature sets,the TLBO-KM/FCM and SVM(GS)clearly outperformed all other classifiers in terms of sensitivity,specificity and ***/FCM attained the highest average sensitivity(98.7%),highest average specificity(98.4%)and highest average accuracy(99.4%)for 10-fold cross validation with different test data.

关键词： K-means FCM TLBO TLBO-KM TLBO-FCM TLBO-KM/FCM machine learning algorithms

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斋浦尔家具系列设计,将城市装进客厅

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工业设计 2024年第3期 16-16页

作者： sonal Tuli 不详

这一套功能性家具是传统与现代精致融合的成果。在实现功能的基础上,该设计超越了这一目的,通过巧妙融合古城斋浦尔标志性建筑和复杂的青陶艺术设计元素,保护并传承了古城斋浦尔本身的精神和文化遗产。这个系列中包括斋浦尔餐具柜、枝... 详细信息

这一套功能性家具是传统与现代精致融合的成果。在实现功能的基础上,该设计超越了这一目的,通过巧妙融合古城斋浦尔标志性建筑和复杂的青陶艺术设计元素,保护并传承了古城斋浦尔本身的精神和文化遗产。这个系列中包括斋浦尔餐具柜、枝形吊灯、镜子和地毯等作品,是对传统工艺和城市文化的现代致敬。

关键词：斋浦尔标志性建筑文化遗产系列设计家具巧妙融合传统工艺

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Additive‑Driven Interfacial Engineering of Aluminum Metal Anode for Ultralong Cycling Life

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Nano-Micro Letters 2023年第2期15卷 143-160页

作者： sonal Kumar Prasad Rama Gaoliang Yang Wei Ying Lieu Deviprasath Chinnadurai Zhi Wei Seh Institute of Materials Research and Engineering Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research(A*STAR)2 Fusionopolis WayInnovisSingapore 138634Singapore Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology University of Gothenburg41125 GothenburgSweden Pillar of Engineering Product Development Singapore University of Technology and Design8 Somapah RoadSingapore 487372Singapore

Rechargeable Al batteries(RAB)are promising candidates for safe and environmentally sustainable battery systems with low-cost ***,the currently used aluminum chloridebased electrolytes present a significant challenge to commercialization due to their corrosive ***,we report for the first time,a novel electrolyte combination for RAB based on aluminum trifluoromethanesulfonate(Al(OTf)_(3))with tetrabutylammonium chloride(TBAC)additive in *** presence of a mere 0.1 M of TBAC in the Al(OTf)_(3) electrolyte generates the charge carrying electrochemical species,which forms the basis of reaction at the *** reduces the charge transfer resistance and the surface activation energy at the anode surface and also augments the dissociation of Al(OTf)_(3) to generate the solid electrolyte interphase *** electrolyte’s superiority directly translates into reduced anodic overpotential for cells that ran for 1300 cycles in Al plating/stripping tests,the longest cycling life reported to *** unique combination of salt and additive is non-corrosive,exhibits a high flash point and is cheaper than traditionally reported RAB electrolyte combinations,which makes it commercially *** this report,we address a major roadblock in the commercialization of RAB and inspire equivalent electrolyte fabrication approaches for other metal anode batteries.

关键词： Aluminum-ion batteries Solid electrolyte interphase Electrolyte additives Non-aqueous electrolytes

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Waste fly ash-ZnO as a novel sunlight-responsive photocatalyst for dye discoloration

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Water Science and Engineering 2023年第1期16卷 76-82页

作者： Leena V.Bora sonal P.Thakkar Kevin S.Vadaliya Nisha V.Bora Nirma University AhmedabadGujarat 382481India Government Engineering College ModasaGujarat 383315India

Treating waste with a waste material using freely available solar energy is the most effective way towards sustainable *** this study,a novel photocatalyst,partly derived from waste material from the coal industry,was *** ash hybridized with ZnO(FAeZn)was synthesized as a potential photocatalyst for dye *** synthesized photocatalyst was characterized by X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy,and ultravioletevisible/near infra-red *** photocatalytic activity was examined with the discoloration of methylene blue used as synthetic dye *** the experiments were performed in direct *** photocatalytic performance of FAeZn was found to be better than that of ZnO and the conventionally popular *** LangmuireHinshelwood model rate constant values of ZnO,TiO2,and FAeZn were found to be 0.016 min1,0.017 min1,and 0.020 min1,*** were two reasons for this:(1)FAeZn was able to utilize both ultraviolet and visible parts of the solar spectrum,and(2)its BrunauereEmmetteTeller surface area and porosity were significantly *** led to increased photon absorption and dye adsorption,thus exhibiting an energy-efficient ***,FAeZn,partly derived from waste,can serve as a suitable material for environmental remediation and practical solar energy applications.

关键词： Photocatalyst ZnO Fly ash Geopolymer Wastewater treatment Methylene blue

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Effect of doping of different rare earth（europium,gadolinium,dysprosium and neodymium） metal ions on structural,optical and photocatalytic properties of LaFeO3 perovskites

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Journal of Rare Earths 2019年第12期37卷 1279-1287页

作者： Manisha Dhiman sonal Singhal Department of Chemistry Panjab University

Different rare earth substituted perovskites LaRExFe1-xO3(where RE=Eu3+,Gd3+,Dy3+,Nd3+and x=0.02,0.04,0.06,0.08,0.1)with orthorhombic structure and narrow band gaps were successfully fabricated via sol-gel autocombustion *** the substituted perovskites are found to exhibit excellent photocatalytic activity towards the oxidative degradation of dye *** excellent increase in the rate constant values of pure perovskite(LaFeO3)photocatalytic reactions is observed with the substitution of rare earth metal *** results are obtained for LaNd0.1Fe0.9O3 which exhibits around 7 times increase in the rate constant values for degradation reaction of SO(1.76×10-1 min-1)and RBY(1.69×10-1 min-1)dyes.

关键词： Rare earth substitution Perovskites Sol-gel autocombustion Structural properties Photocatalysis

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Heat Transfer and Thermal Characteristics Effects on Moving Plate Impinging from Cu-Water Nanofluid Jet

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Journal of Thermal Science 2020年第1期29卷 182-193页

作者： DATTA Abanti KUMAR sonal HALDER Pabitra Department of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology

The present article is focused on modelling of flow and heat transfer behaviour of Cu-water nanofluid in a confined slot jet impingement on hot moving *** parameters such as various moving plate velocities,nanoparticles at various concentrations,variation in turbulent Reynolds number and jet nozzle to plate distance have been considered to study the flow field and convective heat transfer performance of the *** of distribution of local and average Nusselt number and skin friction coefficients at the plate surface are shown to elucidate the heat transfer and fluid flow *** analysis of both stream function and isotherm contours are carried out to perceive the flow pattern and heat transfer mechanism due to moving *** results revealed that average Nusselt number significantly rises with plate velocity in addition with jet inlet Reynolds *** of the average Nusselt numbers are presented.

关键词： Cu-water nanofluid,multiphase mixture model moving plate jet impingement CFD

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Internal transcribed spacer guided multiplex PCR for species identification of Convolvulus prostratus and Evolvulus alsinoides

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2016年第3期6卷 253-258页

作者： sonal Sharma Neeta Shrivastava B.V. Patel Pharmaceutical Education and Research Development (PERD) Centre Sarkhej-Gandhinagar Highway Nirma University

Shankhpushpi is a reputed drug from an Indian system of medicine for treating mental disorders and enhancing memory. Two herbs, namely Convolvulus prostratus Forssk. and Evolvulus alsinoides(L.) L., are commonly known as Shankhpushpi. Ambiguous vernacular identity can affect the scientific validity of the Shankpushpi-based herbal drug therapy. In the present investigation, a novel and sensitive multiplex PCR method based on polymorphism in the internal transcribed spacer(ITS) region was developed to establish the molecular identity of C. prostratus and E. alsinoides. DNA was isolated and the ITS region was amplified, sequenced and assembled. Sequences were aligned to identify variable nucleotides in order to develop plant-specific primers. Primers were validated in singleplex reactions and eventually a multiplex assay was developed. This assay was tested for sensitivity and validated by amplifying DNA isolated from the simulated blended powdered plant material. Primers developed for C. prostratus resulted into a 200 bp amplicon and 596 bp for E. alsinoides. The assay was found to be sensitive enough for amplification of low quantities of DNA. The method can detect 10% of the mixing of plants with each other in blended material. This PCR assay can be used for rapid botanical identification of Shankhpushpi plant materials and will improve evidence-based herbal drug therapy.

关键词： PCR Internal transcribed spacers Shankhpushpi Botanical identification Adulteration Substitution Herbal drugs DNA barcoding

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Selective Function of PKC-θin T cells

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2006年第4期3卷 263-270页

作者： Santhakumar Manicassamy sonal Gupta Department of Microbiology & Immunology School of Medicine University of IllinoisChicagoIL 60612USA

T cell activation is a critical process in initiating adaptive immune response since only through this process the naive antigen specific T cells differentiate into armed effector T cells that mediate the actual immune response. During T cell activation, naive T cells undergo clonal expansion and acquire the capability to kill target cells infected with pathogens or produce cytokines essential for regulating immune response. Inappropriate activation or inactivation of T cells leads to autoimmunity or severe immunodeficiencies. PKC-θ is selectively expressed in T cells and required for mediating T cell activation process. Mice deficient in PKC-θ exhibit defects in T cell activation, survival and activation-induced cell death. PKC-θ selectively translocates to immunological synapse and mediates the signals required for activation of NF-κB, AP1 and NFAT that are essential for T cell activation. Furthermore, PKC-θ^-│- mice displayed multiple defects in the development of T cell-mediated immune responses in vivo. PKC-θ is thus a critical molecule that regulates T cell function at multiple stages in T cell-mediated immune responses in vivo.

关键词： T cell activation PKC-θ TCR signaling homeostasis AICD

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