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Does the Application of a Fungicide after a Herbicide Reduce Soybean Injury and Increase Yield?

Agricultural Sciences 2021年第2期12卷 128-137页

作者： nader soltani Christy Shropshire Peter H. Sikkema University of Guelph Ridgetown Campus Ridgetown Canada

A total of four field experiments were conducted during 2017, 2019 and 2020 in Ontario, Canada to determine if applying a fungicide 2 - 3 days after a herbicide, applied POST, reduces visible injury, increases crop vigour and increases yield of soybean. At 3 DAB (days after fungicide application), the POST application of glyphosate, fomesafen, bentazon, thifensulfuron-methyl, cloransulam-methyl and imazethapyr caused 0, 11%, 5%, 18%, 9% and 12% visible injury in soybean, respectively. The injury decreased over time with less than 5% injury at 8 WAB (weeks after fungicide application) in all treatments evaluated. The application of pyraclostrobin/fluxapyroxad after the application of herbicides evaluated did not reduce soybean injury. Soybean vigour with glyphosate, fomesafen, bentazon, thifensulfuron-methyl, cloransulam-methyl and imazethapyr applied POST without the fungicide application was 100%, 91%, 95%, 84%, 91% and 88%, respectively at 3 DAB. The soybean vigour increased over time to 95% - 100% at 8 WAB. The application of pyraclostrobin/fluxapyroxad after the herbicide application did not improve soybean vigour, except with thifensulfuron-methyl where soybean vigour was improved 6% when followed by pyraclostrobin/fluxapyroxad. There was no effect of herbicide and fungicide treatments on soybean yield except for thifensulfuron-methyl and imazethapyr without the fungicide treatments which reduced soybean relative yield 7% and 10%, respectively. The application of pyraclostrobin/fluxapyroxad after the application of imazethapyr increased soybean yield 3%. Based on these results, applying pyraclostrobin/fluxapyroxad fungicide 2 - 3 days after glyphosate, fomesafen, bentazon and cloransulam-methyl does not affect soybean injury, vigour or yield, but it can slightly enhance the vigour and yield of soybean when applied after thifensulfuron-methyl and imazethapyr.

关键词： Glyphosate Fomesafen Bentazon Thifensulfuron-Methyl Cloransulam-Methyl Imazethapyr Pyraclostrobin/Fluxapyroxad Vigour Yield

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Weed Management in White Beans with Soil-Applied Grass Herbicides plus Halosulfuron

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2020年第12期11卷 1998-2011页

作者： nader soltani Christy Shropshire Peter H. Sikkema University of Guelph Ridgetown Campus Ridgetown Ontario Canada

There are a limited number of soil-applied herbicides available for broad-spectrum weed control in dry bean production in Ontario, Canada. Four experiments were conducted from 2017 to 2019 in southwestern Ontario to compare the efficacy of six soil-applied grass herbicides [trifluralin (600 g ai ha-1), ethalfluralin (810 g ai ha-1), pendimethalin (1080 g ai ha-1), S-metolachlor (1050 g ai ha-1), dimethenamid-p (544 g ai ha-1) and EPTC (3400 g ai ha-1)] and halosulfuron (35 g ai ha-1) applied alone and in combination, applied preplant incorporated (PPI), on white bean tolerance and yield, and weed control efficacy. There was no white bean injury from the herbicide treatments evaluated. Grass herbicides (trifluralin, ethalfluralin, pendimethalin, S-metolachlor dimethenamid-P and EPTC) controlled velvetleaf 0% - 82%, pigweeds 87% - 99%, common ragweed 0% - 93%, common lambsquarters 81% - 99%, wild mustard 0% - 71%, barnyardgrass 98% - 100% and green foxtail 98% - 99%. Halosulfuron controlled velvetleaf 98%, pigweeds 94%, common ragweed 90% - 94%, common lambsquarters 97%, wild mustard

关键词： Weed Density Weed Biomass Seed Moisture Seed Yield Visible Control Phaseolus vulgaris

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Tolerance of Four Market Classes of Dry Beans to Tribenuron and Carfentrazone Applied Preplant

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2021年第4期12卷 558-565页

作者： nader soltani Christy Shropshire Peter H. Sikkema Department of Plant Agriculture University of Guelph Ridgetown Canada

Limited information is available on the sensitivity of dry beans to tribenuron and carfentrazone applied preplant (PP). Four field trials were conducted at Exeter and Ridgetown, ON, Canada in 2019 and 2020 to determine the tolerance of azuki, kidney, small red and white beans to glyphosate (1800 g·ae·ha-1) + tribenuron (15 g·ai·ha-1), glyphosate (1800 g·ae·ha-1) + carfentrazone (35 g·ai·ha-1) and glyphosate (1800 g·ae·ha-1

关键词： Azuki Bean Kidney Bean Small Red Bean Sensitivity Tolerance White Bean

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Evaluation of Biostimulants Added to Post Emergence Herbicides in Soybean

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2016年第13期7卷 1729-1740页

作者： nader soltani Christy Shropshire Peter H. Sikkema University of Guelph Ridgetown Campus Ridgetown Canada

There is little information on the effect of the addition of biostimulants such as AX13-04-4, Crop Booster or RR Soy Booster to post emergence herbicides in soybean under Ontario environmental conditions. A total of 69 field experiments were conducted in soybean at two locations (Ridgetown and Exeter, Ontario, Canada) to evaluate the effect of biostimulants added to various post emergence herbicides on crop injury, weed control and yield of soybean. There was minimal soybean injury (6% or less) from glyphosate, chlorimuron, imazethapyr, fomesafen or quizalofop applied alone or in combination with biostimulants. At 4 weeks after herbicide treatment (WAT), the addition of biostimulants to glyphosate, chlorimuron, imazethapyr, fomesafen or quizalofop did not affect weed control except for control of common ragweed which was increased 2% with the addition of RR Soy Booster to glyphosate + imazethapr, and the control of common lambs quarters which was increased 4% with the addition of Crop Booster to glyphosate + fomesafen. At 8 WAT, biostimulants evaluated had no effect on weed control except for Crop Booster added to glyphosate + fomesafen which increased green foxtail control 2% and Crop Booster added to glyphosate + chlorimuron, glyphosate + fomesafen and glyphosate + quizalofop which increased common lambs quarters control 1%, 3%, and 4%, respectively. The addition of biostimulants to the post emergence herbicides evaluated had no effect on soybean yield. Based on these results, the addition of biostimulants such as AX13-04-4, Crop Booster or RR Soy Booster to commonly used post emergence herbicides in Ontario has no significant effect on crop injury, weed control or yield of soybean.

关键词： Herbicide Injury Soybean Tolerance Weeds Yield

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Weed Management in Azuki Bean with Postemergence Herbicides

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2020年第9期11卷 1467-1477页

作者： nader soltani Lynette Brown Peter H. Sikkema University of Guelph Ridgetown Campus Ridgetown Ontario Canada

A limited number of postemergence (POST) herbicides are available for weed management in azuki bean production in Ontario. A total of three field trials were conducted during 2017 to 2019 at the Huron Research Station, University of Guelph, Exeter, Ontario, Canada to evaluate the efficacy of various postemergence (POST) herbicides for weed control in azuki bean. Fomesafen, acifluorfen and acifluorfen + Assist® caused up to 6% crop injury and weed interference reduced azuki bean yield up to 42%. Bentazon, bentazon Forte, bentazon/acifluorfen, bentazon + fomesafen + Assist®, bentazon + fomesafen + Turbocharge® and

关键词： Annual Weeds Density Dry Weight Maturity Seed Yield Phaseolus vulgaris Vigna angularis

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Efficacy of Trifluralin Compared to Ethalfluralin Applied Alone and Co-Applied with Halosulfuron for Weed Management in White Bean

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Agricultural Sciences 2020年第9期11卷 837-848页

作者： nader soltani Christy Shropshire Peter H. Sikkema University of Guelph Ridgetown Campus Ridgetown Canada

There are a limited number of herbicides registered for weed management in white bean production in Ontario, Canada. Five field experiments were completed in Ontario from 2016 to 2018 to compare the efficacy of trifluralin and ethalfluralin applied alone and in combination with halosulfuron, applied preplant incorporated (PPI), for weed control efficacy and white bean tolerance and seed yield. At 2 and 4 WAE, there was no white bean injury from the herbicide treatments evaluated. Trifluralin applied PPI provided up to 32%, 99%, 13%, 99%, 27%, 99% and 99% control of velvetleaf, redroot pigweed, common ragweed, common lambsquarters, wild mustard, barnyardgrass and green foxtail, respectively. Trifluralin and ethalfluralin provide similar control of velvetleaf, redroot pigweed, barnyardgrass and green foxtail control, however, ethalfluralin is slightly more efficacious on common ragweed, common lambsquarters and wild mustard. Halosulfuron (35 g∙ai∙ha−1), applied PPI, provided as much as 76%, 98%, 96%, 96%, 100%, 19% and 23% control of velvetleaf, redroot pigweed, common ragweed, common lambsquarters, wild mustard, barnyardgrass and green foxtail, respectively. Trifluralin (600 or 1155 g∙ai∙ha−1) + halosulfuron (35 g

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Control of Glyphosate-Resistant Marestail in Identity-Preserved or Glyphosate-Resistant and Glyphosate/Dicamba-Resistant Soybean with Preplant Herbicides

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2020年第6期11卷 851-860页

作者： nader soltani Christy Shropshire Peter H. Sikkema University of Guelph Ridgetown Campus Ridgetown Ontario Canada

Two studies, each consisting of six field experiments were conducted in growers’ fields in 2018 and 2019 to determine the optimal herbicide tankmixes, applied preplant (PP) for the control of glyphosate-resistant (GR) marestail in 1) identity-preserved and glyphosate-resistant soybean (Study 1) and, 2) glyphosate/dicamba-resistant soybean (Study 2). There was no significant injury in soybean with the PP herbicides evaluated in both studies. In Study 1, at 8 weeks after treatment (WAA), glyphosate + saflufenacil, glyphosate + 2,4-D ester, glyphosate + pyraflufen/2,4-D, glyphosate +, 4-D choline or glyphosate + halauxifen-methyl, applied PP, controlled GR marestail 93%, 58%, 60%, 67% and 71%, respectively. The addition of metribuzin to the tankmixes of glyphosate + saflufenacil, 2,4-D ester and pyraflufen/2,4-D increased the control to 98%, 91% and 95%, respectively. The addition of metribuzin + chlorimuron-ethyl to 2,4-D choline/glyphosate and glyphosate + halauxifen-methyl increased the control to 94% and 93%, respectively. In Study 2, at 8 WAA, glyphosate/dicamba

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Glyphosate-Resistant Canada Fleabane Control with Three-Way Herbicide Tankmixes in Soybean

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2020年第9期11卷 1478-1486页

作者： nader soltani Christy Shropshire Peter H. Sikkema University of Guelph Ridgetown Campus Ridgetown Ontario Canada

Eight field trials (2 in 2016, 3 in 2017, 3 in 2018) were conducted in farmers’ fields with heavy infestations of GR Conyza canadensis (Canada fleabane, horseweed or marestail) to evaluate glyphosate (900 g ae ha-1) plus saflufenacil (25 g ai ha-1), 2,4-D ester (500 g ai ha-1) or paraquat (1100 g ai ha-1) applied preplant (PP) as 2-way tankmixes, or in 3-way tankmixes with sulfentrazone (140 g ai ha-1), flumioxazin (107 g ai ha-1) or metribuzin (400 g ai ha-1) for the glyphosate-resistant

关键词： Biomass Crop Injury Density Flumioxazin Glyphosate Herbicide Tankmixture Metribuzin Saflufenacil Sulfentrazone Yield

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Influence of Herbicide Carrier on the Tolerance of White Bean to Preplant Incorporated and Preemergence Herbicides

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2016年第1期7卷 63-68页

作者： nader soltani Christy Shropshire Peter H. Sikkema University of Guelph Ridgetown Campus Ridgetown Canada

Nine field trials (five with PPI and four with PRE herbicides) were conducted at Exeter and Ridgetown, Ontario during 2013 to 2015 to determine if the tolerance of white bean to preplant incorporated (PPI) and preemergence (PRE) herbicides is influenced by the herbicide carrier (water vs. UAN at 200 L•ha-1). There was no significant interaction between the carrier and herbicide for visible injury, plant stand, plant height, shoot dry weight, seed moisture content and yield. There was also no significant difference between the herbicide carriers for all parameters measured except for the shoot dry weight which was 6.5% greater when UAN was used as the carrier with PPI herbicides. Dimethenamid-p, pendimethalin, imazethapyr and halosulfuron applied PPI or PRE caused no visible injury except for imazethapyr PPI which caused 2% visible injury and dimethenamid-p PRE which caused 7% - 14% injury in white bean. There was no effect of the PPI and PRE herbicides evaluated on white bean stand, shoot dry weight, height, maturity and yield. Based on these results, using water or UAN could be used as the carrier for PPI and PRE herbicides in white bean.

关键词： Dimethenamid-p Imazethapyr Navy Bean Pendimethalin Halosulfuron

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Volunteer Glyphosate and Glufosinate Resistant Corn Competitiveness and Control in Glyphosate and Glufosinate Resistant Corn

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Agricultural Sciences 2014年第5期5卷 402-409页

作者： nader soltani Christy Shropshire Peter H. Sikkema University of Guelph Ridgetown Campus Ridgetown Canada

Glyphosate and glufosinate resistant (RR/LL) volunteer corn has become a problem when hybrid RR/LL corn follows hybrid RR/LL corn in the rotation. A total of six field trials were conducted over a three-year period (2008 to 2010) in southwestern Ontario to 1) evaluate the competitiveness of volunteer RR/LL corn in hybrid RR/LL corn, and 2) determine how to control volunteer RR/LL corn in hybrid RR/LL corn. The predicted volunteer RR/LL corn density to reduce hybrid RR/LL corn yield by 5% was 1.7 volunteer RR/LL corn plants m-2. There was no crop injury in hybrid RR/LL corn with herbicides evaluated at 1 and 2 WAA except for rimsulfuron(15 g·ai·ha-1) and foramsulfuron (35 g·ai·ha-1) which caused as much as 5% and 11% injury in hybrid RR/LL corn, respectively. Glyphosate (1800 g·ae·ha-1), glufosinate(500 g·ae·ha-1) and glyphosate + glufosinate (1800 + 500 g·ae·ha-1) provided up to 18%, 10% and 21% control of volunteer RR/LL corn, respectively. The POST application of rimsulfuron (15 g·ai·ha-1), nicosulfuron (25 g·ai·ha-1), nicosulfuron/rimsulfuron (25 g·ai·ha-1), foramsulfuron (35 g·ai·ha-1), and primisulfuron/dicamba (166 g·ai·ha-1) did not provided any control of volunteer RR/LL corn. Glyphosate and glyphosate + glufosinate reduced volunteer corn density 26% and 30%, respectively. The other herbicides evaluated did not reduce volunteer RR/LL corn density compared to the weedy control. None of the herbicides evaluated reduced volunteer RR/LL corn cob numbers compared to the weedy control. Glyphosate + glufosinate applied POST reduced volunteer RR/LL corn yield 35% compared to the weedy control but other herbicides evaluated caused no reduction in volunteer RR/LL corn yield compared to the weedy control. Glyphosate applied POST resulted in hybrid RR/LL corn yield equivalent to the weed free control but all other herbicide treatments resulted hybrid RR/LL corn yield equivalent to the weedy control. This research concludes that volunteer RR/LL corn can be very competiti

关键词： Crop Injury Competitiveness Control Density Yield Zea mays

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