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Soft Sediment Deformation Structures in the Maastrichtian Patti Formation, Southern Bida Basin Nigeria: Implications for the Assessment of Endogenic Triggers in the Maastrichtian Sedimentary Record

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Open Journal of Geology 2016年第6期6卷 410-438页

作者： solomon ojo olabode Department of Applied Geology The Federal University of Technology Akure Nigeria

Detailed fieldwork carried out in the southern part of Bida Basin, Nigeria, allowed the documentation of soft sediment deformation structures (SSDS) in the Maastrichtian Patti Formation. The aim of this study is to examine the sedimentary successions, describe and analyse these deformation features, discuss their deformation mechanisms and potential triggers. The Maastrichtian Patti Formation is composed of lithofacies interpreted to have been deposited in tidal and fluvial sedimentary environments. Soft sediment deformation structures recognised in the tidal sediments were clastic dykes, load cast, isolated sand balls, dish-and-pillar structures, convolute lamination, diapiric structures and recumbent folds. Severely deformed cross beds, ring structures, associated sand balls, normal folds and recumbent folds were identified in the fluvial sediments. SSDS recognised were interpreted to have been caused by effects of liquefaction and fluidization. Field observations, facies analysis and morphology of the SSDS indicate that there are relationship between the depositional environments and SSDS. Endogenic processes are considered as the trigger agents and they are represented by rapid sedimentation and overloading, impact of breaking waves, pressure fluctuations caused by turbulent water flow, cyclic stress and current generated by storm waves and changes in water table. The present study did not identify exogenic processes as trigger agent. The occurrence of SSDS in southern Bida Basin strongly favoured a non-tectonic origin but a clear relationship high energy processes in tidal and fluvial depositional environments.

关键词： Soft Sediment Deformation Structure Bida Basin Patti Formation Tidal/Fluvial Sediments Fluidization and Liquefaction

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Possible Bornu Basin Hydrocarbon Habitat—A Review

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International Journal of Geosciences 2014年第9期5卷 983-996页

作者： John Adeyinka Adekoya Peter Sunday Ola solomon ojo olabode Department of Applied Geology Federal University of Technology Akure Nigeria Department of Geological Sciences Osun State University Osogbo Nigeria

An attempt is made in this article to examine and assess the possible petroleum habitat in the Bornu Basin, which is the Nigerian portion of the Mega-Chad Basin that has been found to host oil and gas in commercial quantities in Niger, Chad and Cameroon. The presence of three of the fundamental geological factors (source rock, reservoir rock and seal/trap) for commercial hydrocarbon accumulation was assessed in the light of existing information. Available geochemical information reveals that the shales of the Bima, Gongila and Fika Formations in the Bornu Basin contain sufficient organic matter for hydrocarbon generation. Limited existing geochemical data suggest that the quantity and quality of the organic matter in the shales vary widely with the TOC of most samples ranging from 0.54 wt% - 1.25 wt% and the HI from 11 - 173.80 mg/g in intervals with Tmax in the range of 365°C - 519°C. In addition, the kerogen type is predominantly type III with minor type II, thus suggesting a predominant gas prone basin. Possible reservoir rocks occur as sand/sandstone beds within the Bima, Gombe, and Kerri-Kerri, as well the Gongila Formation which also contains much shale and limestone. Both stratigraphic and structural trapping conditions exist in the Bornu Basin. The structural traps were presumably formed during the widespread Santonian tectonic inversion that affected the entire Mega-Chad Basin. It is suggested that deeper drilling into the sands and sandstone of the untested Bima Formation that could host hydrocarbon of commercial quantities, as evidenced by the discoveries at deeper depths in the neighbouring Termit Basin, was desirable.

关键词： Organic Geochemistry Bornu Basin Source Rock Reservoir Trap

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Application of thermotolerant petroleum microbes at reservoir conditions for enhanced oil recovery

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Petroleum 2023年第2期9卷 223-236页

作者： Emmanuel E.Okoro Ewarezi A.Efajemue Samuel E.Sanni Oluwasanmi A.olabode Oyinkepreye D.Orodu Temiloluwa ojo Petroleum Engineering Department University of Port HarcourtChobaNigeria Petroleum Engineering Department Covenant UniversityOtaNigeria Chemical Engineering Department Covenant UniversityOtaNigeria

Primary oil recovery is the first stage of hydrocarbon production in which a reservoir uses its natural energy to force hydrocarbon to its *** oil recovery comes to play when hydrocarbons can no longer be further produced by natural *** purpose of secondary recovery is to maintain reservoir pressure so as to displace hydrocarbons toward the *** primary and secondary recovery processes cannot displace more than 50%of the available hydrocarbons in a *** remaining hydrocarbons are further recovered through Tertiary/Enhanced Oil Recovery *** to literature,microbial enhanced oil recovery has been identified as a tertiary method used to improve the efficiency of hydrocarbon production from *** enhanced oil recovery is a feasible reservoir technology,which has not been widely used in the oil and gas industry owing to the attainment of the requisite reservoir conditions such as temperature within which microbes can *** has shown that thermotolerant microbes can withstand optimum temperatures of 50e90℃,while deep and ultra-deep hydrocarbon reservoir temperatures are often above 100℃.This study identifies some isolated thermotolerant microbes from a sandstone reservoir that can withstand temperatures as high as 110℃via conventional methods and molecular *** identified thermotolerant petroleum microbes:Bacillus amyloliquefaciens(A)and Bacillus nealsonii(B)were used to enhance oil recovery from a *** results showed that the microbial species A and B at a confined pressure of 3.0 MPa and temperature of 27℃,gave 46.4%and 48.6%oil recoveries,respectively,which is comparably higher than the value(26.9%)obtained for the water flooded *** temperatures of 80,90,100,110 and 120℃,the oil recovery results show that the recovery factor(55.2%e64.1%)of species B were higher compared to the range(46.7e57.5%)recorded for species *** the onset of the core flooding experiments,the

关键词： Microbial enhanced oil recovery Thermotolerant petroleum microbes Recovery factor Microbe isolation/identification Sandstone reservoir

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Possible Aquaculture Development in Nigeria： Evidence for Commercial Prospects

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(B) 2017年第3期7卷 194-205页

作者： Amosu Albert Oluwatobi Hammed Ayofe Mutalib Togunde Kasaliyu Adeniyi Joseph Olufemi olabode Adekoya Adeyemi Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology Faculty of Natural Sciences University of the Western Cape Private BagX17 Bellville 7535 South Africa Department of Agricultural Science School of Vocational and Technical Education Adeniran Ogunsanya College of EducationOtto/ljanikin PMB 007 Festac Town Lagos Nigeria Department of Fisheries Faculty of Science Lagos State University P.O. Box 0001 LASU Post Office Ojo Lagos Nigeria

The cultivation of desirable aquatic organisms is becoming increasingly important as one of the fastest-growing agro-industrial activities in the world. Nigeria, over the years, practised traditional methods of aquaculture in tidal pools and floodplains of inland waters. Recently, the coastal region has been the focus of aquaculture development with introduction of cage culture system. Nigeria is one of the top aquaculture producers in Africa with numerous opportunities for large-scale production, and 80% of production is from small-scale farmers who involve in brackish and freshwater cultivation, except mariculture which has several setbacks. Nigeria is yet to show feasible interest in non-fed aquaculture （macroalgae） which is among the world＇ s most efficient mass producer of proteins and other products. Constraints to production in the industry have been identified, while the prospects can be achieved by expanding aquaculture zones, enhancing management practices of production systems and improving product quality with the resultant creation of jobs, regular income and investment, etc.. This paper explores the status of aquaculture in Nigeria, and the components and the systems of commercial aquaculture were elucidated.

关键词： Aquaculture commercial fish fanning macroalgae mariculture industry.

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