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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第6期13卷 983-984页

作者： solomon habtemariam Herbal Analysis Services UK & Pharmacognosy Research Laboratories University of Greenwich

Neurotrophins：Neurotrophins are peptides or proteins that are known to regulate neuronal viability,development,and function Beyond synaptic plasticity,neurotrophins protect neurons from apoptosis and also promote neu... 详细信息

关键词： The brain-derived neurotrophic factor in neuronal plasticity and neuroregeneration new pharmacological concepts for old and new drugs

The African Moringa is to change the lives of millions in Ethiopia and far beyond

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2016年第4期6卷 355-356页

作者： solomon habtemariam Pharmacognosy Research Laboratories and Herbal Analysis Services UK

Dear Editor,I vividly recall one of my medicinal plant collection trips in the southern regions of Ethiopia back in 1986.Besides collecting few plants of interest,we were asking the locals to show us medicinal plants ... 详细信息

关键词： Moringa African branches lives minutes millions collection medicinal usage collecting

Antioxidant,anti-alpha-glucosidase and pancreatic beta-cell protective effects of methanolic extract of Ensete superbum Cheesm seeds

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2017年第2期7卷 121-125页

作者： solomon habtemariam George Kabakasseril Varghese Pharmacognosy Research Laboratories&Herbal Analysis Services Medway School of ScienceUniversity of GreenwichChatham-MaritimeKent ME4 4TBUK Department of Botany St.Berchmans'CollegeChanganasseryKottayam 686101KeralaIndia

Objective: To investigate the antioxidant, anti-a-glucosidase and pancreatic b-cell protective potential of Ensete superbum(E. superbum) seeds.Methods: A variety of in vitro assays including radical scavenging, reducing power potential, phenolic content determination, a-glucosidase assay and pancreatic b-cell(1.4E7 cells) viability were employed for assessing the effect of methanolic extract of E. superbum seeds.Results: The radical scavenging and reducing power effects comparable with the standard rutin were obtained while the enzyme inhibitory activity of the extract was 68-fold better than the standard antidiabetic drug, acarbose. The seed extract of E. superbum was packed-full of polyphenols with mean percentage gallic acid equivalent value of(38.2 ± 1.8)(n = 3). The protection of pancreatic cells from massive onslaught of hydrogen peroxide was far superior to that obtained for rutin.Conclusions: The reputed antidiabetic therapeutic uses of the seeds extract of E. superbum may be justified on the basis of inhibition of carbohydrate enzymes, antioxidant effects and pancreatic b-cell protection.

关键词： Ensete superbum Musaceae Seeds Antioxidant Pancreatic beta-cell protection Alpha-glucosidase inhibition

Protection effect of the anthraquinones, cassiatorin and aurantio-obtusin from seeds of Senna tora against cowpea weevil attack

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2018年第2期8卷 98-105页

作者： Valentine Chi Mbatchou Rita Akosua Dickson Isaac Kingsley Amponsah Abraham Yeboah Mensah solomon habtemariam Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry University for Development Studies Navrongo Campus Department of Pharmacognosy Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Pharmacognosy Research Laboratories & Herbal Analysis Services UK University of Greenwich

Objetive: To explore the potential insecticidal, ovipositor deterrent and antifeedant effects of ethyl acetate extract of the seeds of Senna tora(Syn. Cassia tora) against cowpea weevil(Callosobruchus maculatus).Method: The activities were evaluated using standard protocols.In these bioassays, the cowpea seeds were used directly as an insect feed. The activity of the extract and isolated compounds were tested at concentrations of 100, 200 and 300 μg/mL and compared to neem oil and cinnamaldehyde(as standard positive controls). Phytochemical analysis of the ethyl acetate extract was done through a number of chromatographic techniques and the structures of the isolated compounds were established through comprehensive spectroscopic analysis including 2 D-NMR and ESI-MS studies.Results: Fractionation of the active ethyl acetate extract resulted in the isolation of one known anthraquinone,aurantio-obtusin(1) and a novel compound that was named as cassiatorin(2). Compounds1 and 2 showed comparable insect antifeedant properties with the positive controls while their insecticidal and ovipositor deterrent effects were far superior to the standard controls.Conclusions: It is thus concluded that Senna tora extracts and the isolated compounds(1 and2) may be employed in the postharvest management of stored cowpea seeds and as other crop protectants.

关键词： Senna tora Cassia tora Cassiatorin Aurantio-obtusin Insecticidal Ovipositor deterrent Antifeedant Cowpea weevil

Socio-ecological vulnerability to climate change/variability in central rift valley,Ethiopia

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2019年第1期10卷 9-20页

作者： Zenebe MEKONNEN Teshale WOLDEAMANUEL habtemariam KASSA Wondo Genet College of Forestry and Natural Resources Hawassa UniversityShashemeneEthiopia Forests and Livelihoods Research Centre for International Forest Research(CIFOR)Addis AbabaEthiopia

Climate change/variability and environmental degradation have increased in the central rift valley of Ethiopia,which in turn making the people inhabiting in that ecosystem more vulnerable to the impacts.The purposes of this study were to assess the vulnerability of households andagro-ecosystems to climate change and environmental degradation and the factors determining vulnerabilities in the central rift valley,Ethiopia.Data were collected between November 2014 and May 2015 by interviewing 355 respondents.This has been supplemented with focus group discussions and key informant interviews.The indicator and matrix methods were used to describe socio-ecological vulnerabilities.The resultsshowed that about 9%of the respondents were highly vulnerable to climate change/variability,and environmental degradation.Households in the lowland have the largest proportion of high vulnerable households(60%),while households in highland have the largest proportion of low vulnerable households(30%).In the lowland agro-ecology,the adaptive capacity component has contributed the largest share to household's vulnerability index to the impacts of climate change/variability and environmental degradation.The sensitivity component has higer contribution in highland agro-ecology and the exposure component in the midland agro-ecology.There were variations of income deviation between agro-ecologies that lead to variation in vulnerability of households.Household vulnerability index has shown a very light negative correlation with livelihood diversification index.The poorest households with little share of the total income distribution and with low livelihood diversity index,were the most vulnerable.The results showed that the highest exposure index on ecosystem functions and agricultural performance were in the lowland agro-ecology.This study highlighted the need to assess the social and ecological vulnerabilities in integrated approach as singling out one from the other is difficult.That is,social vulnerability impacts ecological vulnerabi

关键词： Adaptive capacity Vulnerability Exposure Impacts Ecosystem services Sensitivity

Genecological zones and selection criteria for natural forest populations for conservation:the case of Boswellia papyrifera in Ethiopia

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Journal of Forestry Research 2018年第2期29卷 507-516页

作者： Abayneh Derero Adefires Worku habtemariam Kassa Ethiopian Environment and Forest Research Institute P.O.Box 30708Addis AbabaEthiopia Center for International Forestry Research Ethiopia OfficeP.O.Box 5689ILRI-Addis CampusAddis AbabaEthiopia

Rapid changes in land-use in the Combretum–Terminalia woodlands of northwestern Ethiopia are mainly due to the increases in commercial farming and immigration.We used integrated ecological and social data collection techniques,including subdivision of the vegetation zone,vegetation survey,focus group discussions and key informant interviews,to identify genecological zones and set criteria for selection of viable populations of Boswellia papyrifera(Del.)Hochst in Ethiopia for conservation.Interviews of senior experts were supported with a rating method and involved 43 respondents and focused on identifying and weighting criteria and indicators of selection in a participatory way to prioritize populations for conservation.Using mean annual rainfall data,we reclassified the Combretum–Terminalia woodland vegetation region into three moisture zones(wet,moist and dry),and designated them as genecological zones for B.papyrifera conservation.A total of 35 woody species were identified at Lemlem Terara site in Metema district,and the Shannon diversity index and evenness were 2.01 and of 0.62,respectively.There were 405 adult trees,and 10 saplings and3314 seedlings per ha.The trees were medium-sized with overall mean diameter at breast height(dbh) of 16.9(±9.5)cm.Seedling recruitment was poor due to grazing,crop production and fire incidences.Through a multi-criteria decision analysis,five criteria and 20 quantitative indicators were identified and weighted to prioritize populations for conservation.These criteria in their descending order of importance are(1) forest ecosystem health and vitality,(2)forest cover and population structure of B.papyrifera,(3)productive function of the forest,(4) biological diversity in the forest,and(5) socioeconomic benefits of the forest to communities.Multivariate tests in the general linear model revealed significant differences among researchers and nonresearchers in rating the criteria and indicators,but not among foresters and nonforesters.Hence,participatory multi-criteria decision an

关键词： Agricultural expansion Combretum–Terminalia Indicators Multi-criteria decision analysis method(MCDA) Settlement

Parasitic plant in natural Boswellia papyrifera stands at Humera, Northern Ethiopia

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Journal of Forestry Research 2014年第4期25卷 923-928页

作者： Abraham Yirgu Alemu Gezahgne habtemariam Kassa Minilik Tsega Forestry Research Centre P.O. BOX 30708 Addis Ababa Ethiopia Centers for International Forestry Research P.O. BOX 5689 Addis Ababa Ethiopia Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research P.O. BOX 2003 Addis Ababa Ethiopia

In Boswellia papyrifera （Del.） Hochst natural stands, we stud- ied the association of parasitic plants with B. papyrifera trees from which frankincense was tapped and marketed for domestic and export markets. Data on the rate of infection of parasitic plants on B. papyrifera was collected in three transects located at separate locations around Baha kar, northern Ethiopia. Each transect had ten circular sample plots of 400 m2 and separated by 100 m. Species composition, DBH, height, crown di- ameter, number of main, secondary and tertiary branches and number of parasitic plants on individual trees were recorded. Sixteen tree species were recorded in the combined sample plots. The parasitic plant associ- ated with B. papyrifera was identified as Tapinanthus globiferus. This parasite infected 38% of Boswellia trees in sample plots. The infection rate of the parasitic plant varied from 1 to 33 per Boswellia tree. The infection of T. globiferus on B. papyrifera was predominantly limited to tertiary small branchlets arising from secondary branches; parasitic plants were absent on thick main and secondary branches. In all plots, infectionof T. globiferus was exclusively limited to Boswellia trees. The influence of T. globiferus parasitism on growth of Boswellia trees and its influence on yield of incense production needs further investigation. Management of natural stands for frankincense production should include measures to reduce infection by T. globiferus.

关键词： Boswellia papyrifera parasitic plant Tapinanthus globiferus Humera Ethiopia

Associated factors of self-reported psychopathology and health related quality of life among men who have sex with men (MSM) with HIV/AIDS in Dalian, China: a pilot study

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2016年第1期5卷 993-1002页

作者： Tesfaldet habtemariam Hidru Feng Wang Sainyugu Lolokote Yong Jia Min Chen Wei Tong Xiao-Feng Li Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Dalian Medical UniversityDalianLiaoning 116044People’s Republic of China School of Public Health Dalian Medical UniversityDalianLiaoning 116044People’s Republic of China Department of HIV/AIDS Dalian Center for Disease Control and PreventionDalian 116023LiaoningPeople’s Republic of China

Background:Despite the availability of Anti-Retroviral Therapy(ART),the health-related quality of life(HRQoL)among HIV-positive men who have sex with men(HIVMSM)in China remains poor.This study aimed to explore the relationship between self-reported psychopathology and HRQoL among HIVMSM in Dalian,China.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted in 112 HIVMSM.Symptom check list 90(SCL 90):a measure of psychopathology and World Health Organization quality of life in HIV infection(WHOQOL-HIV-Bref):a measure of HRQoL were used.Correlation and multiple regression analysis were employed to explore the association between self-reported psychopathology and HRQoL in HIVMSM.Results:Out of the total 112 HIVMSM cases,9(8%)cases were homosexuals and 103(92%)ones were bisexuals.The participants who had low family income(P=0.001),perceived discrimination(P=0.001)and lack of regular attendance in medical follow-ups(P=0.014)reported poorer HRQoL than their counterparts.Somatization,obsession,depression,phobia and overall SCL 90 scores in self-reported psycholpathology had a negative impact on the domains of HRQoL among HIVMSM.Conclusions:Total quality of life was predicted by family income,perceived discrimination,and medical follow-up attendance.Self-reported psychopathology was negatively correlated with HRQoL in HIVMSM.The Strategies that target MSM focusing on linking and engaging HIV-positive patients in medical care is the key step to improve their HRQoL.More emphasis is needed on the newly diagnosed HIVMSM in Dalian in order to develop a more targeted intervention to prevent perceived discrimination and lack of proper medical follow-up services.Trial registration:The trial registration number does not require for this manuscript.The study is cross-sectional design that do not involve intervention at all,it is not a clinical trial.

关键词： Men who have sex with men HIV/AIDS Psychopathology Mental health Health related quality of life

Living with Climate Change: Assessment of the Adaptive Capacities of Smallholders in Central Rift Valley, Ethiopia

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American Journal of Climate Change 2019年第2期8卷 205-227页

作者： Zenebe Mekonnen habtemariam Kassa Wondo Genet College of Forestry and Natural Resources Hawassa University Shashemene Ethiopia Forests and Livelihoods Research Centre for International Forest Research (CIFOR) Addis Ababa Ethiopia

Farms less than 2 hectares have constituted almost 90% of the total number of farms in Ethiopia. These small farms are rain fed and are vulnerable to climate change and variability extremes such as droughts. This in turn undermined the ability of smallholders’ farmers to feed themselves and the growing population. A questionnaire survey was conducted with a random sample of 355 smallholder farmers distributed in three agro-ecologies, namely, lowland, midland, and highland in central rift valley of Ethiopia (Arsi Negele district). This was supplemented with 18 focus group discussions and 30 key informant interviews. How do smallholder farmers live with climate change and variability challenges? On the basis of this question, this study has assessed the factors that determine the adaptive capacities, strategies and livelihoods of smallholders to climate change and variability;and the role of climate capacities and landscape functions for sustainable adaptation in response to climate change and variability. The results showed that even if most respondents (>95%) have the perception and intention of climate change;it was nearly 3% of them have higher adaptive capacity to adapt to climate change impacts. Adaptive capacity of smallholders and the potential impact exerted by climate change risks were negatively correlated (r = −0.134 and p < 0.02). The results showed that farmers have made some evolution in their livelihoods as an adaptation strategy. Adaptation strategies explicitly depend on adaptive capacity-human, natural, financial, social and physical resources. Indeed, the results indicated limited climate-specific and climate-relevant capacities at the local level which suggests a need to strengthen climate capacities. Moreover, it has been implicated that maintaining the landscapes, which provide landscape production functions that build the well-being and adaptive capacity of farmers, could help to sustain farmers’ livelihood and build their adaptive capacity to withstand the challenges of climate change

关键词： Adaptation Climate Capacity Income Inequality Potential Impacts Landscapes Functions Smallholder

Contribution of Dry Forest Products to Household Income and Determinants of Forest Income Levels in the Northwestern and Southern Lowlands of Ethiopia

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Natural Resources 2015年第5期6卷 331-338页

作者： Busha Teshome habtemariam Kassa Zerihun Mohammed Christine Padoch Forestry Research Center Addis Ababa Ethiopia Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) Ethiopia Office Addis Ababa Ethiopia Forum for Social Studies Addis Ababa Ethiopia Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) Bogor Indonesia

Dry forests are dominant vegetation types in East Africa. The contribution of these resources to local livelihoods is poorly understood. This study was conducted to quantify the contribution of dry forest products to household income and to identify factors that influence forest income level in the northwestern and southern lowlands of Ethiopia. Data was collected using key informant interviews, focus group discussions and formal survey administered to 428 randomly selected households from representative districts in three regional states. Regression analysis, one way ANOVA, chi-square and t-tests were used to analyze the quantitative data. The major sources of household income are crop production, livestock farming, forest products, off- and non-farm activities, and remittances and aid, contributing respectively to 46.3%, 27.6%, 17.0%, 6.3% and 2.8% of the household income. The relative importance of forest income to total household income varied significantly across wellbeing categories (P < 0.001), representing 31.8%, 15.5% and 9.9% respectively for poor, medium and rich households and also between male headed (16.1%) and female headed (23.5%) households(P < 0.001). In terms of magnitude, however, forest income differed significantly (P < 0.05) with wealth category of households but not with the gender of the household head. Forest income level was significantly and positively influenced by family size (P < 0.01) and being a member of gums and resins producers cooperative (P < 0.01), while distance to the forest resource (P < 0.01) and being in Tigray or Amhara Regional States (Oromia being reference state) negatively and significantly affected forest income levels of households. Attempts to promote sustainable management of dry forests should recognize these factors that influence access to forests and forest income level of different members of the community to ensure equitable responsibility and benefit sharing arrangements and inclusive participation for better livelihoods and conservation outcomes.

关键词： Gender Gums and Resins Fire Wood Forest Management Livelihoods Wealth Category