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Clearing the corpses： regulatory mechanisms, novel tools, and therapeutic potential of harnessing microglial phagocytosis in the diseased brain

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neural Regeneration Research 2016年第10期11卷 1533-1539页

作者： Irune Diaz-Aparicio sol Beccari Oihane Abiega Amanda Sierra Achucarro Basque Center for neuroscience Bizkaia Science and Technology Park Zamudio Spain University of the Basque Country Leioa Spain Ikerbasque Foundation Bilbao Spain

Apoptosis is a widespread phenomenon that occurs in the brain in both physiological and pathological conditions. Dead ceils must be quickly removed to avoid the further toxic effects they exert in the pa- renchyma, a process executed by microglia, the brain professional phagocytes. Although phagocytosis is critical to maintain tissue homeostasis, it has long been either overlooked or indirectly assessed based on microglial morphology, expression of classical activation markers, or engulfment of artificial phagocytic targets in vitro. nevertheless, these indirect methods present several limitations and, thus, direct obser- vation and quantification of microglial phagocytosis is still necessary to fully grasp its relevance in the diseased brain. To overcome these caveats and obtain a comprehensive, quantitative picture of microglial phagocytosis we have developed a novel set of parameters. These parameters have allowed us to identify the different strategies utilized by microglia to cope with apoptotic challenges induced by excitotoxicity or inflammation. In contrast, we discovered that in mouse and human epilepsy microglia failed to find and engulf apoptotic ceils, resulting in accumulation of debris and inflammation. Herein, we advocate that the efficiency of microglial phagocytosis should be routinely tested in neurodegenerative and neuro- logical disorders, in order to determine the extent to which it contributes to apoptosis and inflammation found in these conditions. Finally, our findings point towards enhancing microglial phagocytosis as a novel therapeutic strategy to control tissue damage and inflammation, and accelerate recovery in brain diseases.

关键词： microglia phagocytosis apoptosis impairment epilepsy brain diseases neurodegeneration inflammation neuroinflammation

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Fluoride Hydro-geochemistry Studies:A Case Study from Granitic Aquifer System of Maheshwaram,Hyderabad,India

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地学前缘 2009年第S1期16卷 11-12页

作者： Surendra Atal Hélène Pauwels Jean-Marie Gandolfi Shakeel Ahmed National Geophysical Research Institute(CSIR) BRGM 3 Avenue Claude Guillemin 45060 Orleans IFCGR National Geophysical Research Institute(CSIR)

The impact of population pressure has been observed on several systems,groundwater resource is one among *** and over-exploitation has not only caused the decline of groundwater levels but also causes deterioration in... 详细信息

关键词： fluorine hydro-geochemistry granites hard rock aquifer

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Recovery of brachial plexus injury after bronchopleural fistula closure surgery based on electrodiagnostic study:A case report and review of literature

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2022年第30期10卷 11090-11100页

作者： Young-In Go Da-sol Kim Gi-Wook Kim Yu Hui Won Sung-Hee Park Myoung-Hwan Ko Jeong-Hwan Seo Department of Physical Medicine&Rehabilitation Jeonbuk National University Medical SchoolJeonju 54907South Korea Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University HospitalJeonju 54907South Korea

BACKGROUND Axillary thoracotomy and muscle flap are muscle-and nerve-sparing methods among the surgical approaches to bronchopleural fistula(BPF).However,in patients who are vulnerable to a nerve compression injury,nerve injury may *** this report,we present a unique case in which the brachial plexus(division level),suprascapular,and long thoracic nerve injury occurred after BPF closure surgery in a patient with ankylosing spondylitis and concomitant multiple joint *** SUMMARY A 52-year-old man with a history of ankylosing spondylitis with shoulder joint contractures presented with right arm weakness and sensory impairment immediately after axillary thoracotomy and latissimus dorsi muscle flap surgery for BPF *** the surgery,the patient was positioned in a lateral decubitus position with the right arm hyper-abducted for approximately 6 *** resonance imaging and ultrasound revealed subclavius muscle injury or myositis with brachial plexus(BP)compression and related *** electrodiagnostic study confirmed the presence of BP injury involving the wholedivision level,long thoracic,and suprascapular nerve *** was treated with medication,physical therapy,and ultrasound-guided *** steroid injection at the BP,hydrodissection with 5%dextrose water at the BP and suprascapular nerve,and intra-articular steroid and hyaluronidase injection at the glenohumeral joint were *** postoperative day 194,the pain and arm weakness were resolved,and a follow-up electrodiagnostic study showed marked *** Clinicians should consider the possibilities of multiple nerve injuries in patients with joint contracture,and treat each specific therapeutic target.

关键词： Brachial plexus Electrodiagnosis Physical therapy Surgical flaps Thoracotomy Case report

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Physicochemical and Mechanical Performances of Technical Flax Fibers and Biobased Composite Material: Effects of Flax Transformation Process

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2019年第9期7卷 821-838页

作者： M.Khennache A.Mahieu M.Ragoubi S.Taibi C.Poilâne N.Leblanc UniLaSalle Unitéde recherche Transformations&Agro-RessourcesVAM^(2)IN(EA 7519 UniLaSalle-Universitéd’Artois)Mont Saint AignanFrance Normandie University 14032 CaenFrance UNICAEN CIMAP14032 CaenFrance ENSICAEN 14050 CaenFrance CEA UMR625214070 CaenFrance and CNRS UMR6252 14050 CaenFrance

In France,the use of flax fibers as reinforcement in composite materials is growing exponentially in the automotive sector,thanks to their good physicochemical properties,environmental reasons,health neutrality and due to the European Council Directives on the reuse,recycling and valorization of car components and *** aim of our study is to investigate biochemical,physicochemical,and mechanical properties of technical flax fibers to evaluate the impact of transformation processes(scutching,hackling,and homogenization)on final properties of associated composite *** chemical analysis such as Van Soest(biochemical fraction measurement),FTIR(Fourier Transform InfraRed spectroscopy),and XRD(X-ray diffraction)were carried out on different process modalities and show that there is no significant difference in terms of biochemical fraction and crystallinity *** the same token,mechanical behavior shows that Young’s modulus is not affected by the transformation *** result is also observed for thermal *** results highlight the fact that the transformation processes of technical fibers do not really affect their physicochemical and mechanical performances.

关键词： Technical flax physicochemical properties processes composite

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Comparative transcriptomics of anadromous and resident brook charr Salvelinus fontinalis before their first salt water transition

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Current Zoology 2012年第1期58卷 158-170页

作者： Boulet, Marylène Normandeau, Éric Bougas, Bérénice Audet, Céline mboulet@ubishops.ca Bernatchen, Louis IBIS (Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes) Université Laval Québec QC G1V 0A6 Canada ISMER Université du Québec à Rimouski Rimouski QC G5L 3A1 Canada

Most salmonid taxa have an anadromous life history strategy, whereby fish migrate to saltwater habitats for a growth period before returning to freshwater habitats for spawning. Moreover, several species are characterized by different life history tactics whereby resident and anadromous forms may occur in genetically differentiated populations within a same species, as well as polymorphism within a population. The molecular mechanisms underlying the physiological differences between anadromous and resident forms during the first transition from freshwater to saltwater environments are only partially understood. Insofar re- search has typically focused on species of the genus Salmo. Here, using a 16,000 cDNA array, we tested the hypothesis that ana- dromous brook charr Salvelinus fontinalis are characterized by differences in their transcriptome relative to resident brook charr before the anadromous fish migration. Families originating from parapatric populations of anadromous and resident charr were reared in controlled environments mimicking natural temperature and photoperiod, and sampled in spring, while still in fresh wa- ter. While anadromous and resident charr showed similar transcriptome profiles in white muscle, they were characterized by striking differences in their gill transcriptome profiles. Genes that were upregulated in the gills of anadromous charr were princi- pally involved in metabolism （mitochondrial electron transport chain, glucose metabolism, and protein synthesis）, development （tissue differentiation） and innate immunity. We discuss the nature of these transcriptomic differences in relation to molecular mechanisms underlying the expression of anadromous and resident life history tactics and suggest that the anadromous charr express some of the molecular processes present in other migratory salmonids [Current Zoology 58 （1）： 158-170, 2012].

关键词： Transcriptome Life history tactics Anadromy Migration to salt water Ecotypes Salmohids

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Contamination,Fractionation and Availability of Metals in Urban Soils in the Vicinity of Former Lead and Zinc Smelters,France

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Pedosphere 2013年第2期23卷 143-159页

作者： C.WATERLOT G.BIDAR A.PELFRne H.ROUSSEL H.FOURRIER F.DOUAY Université Lille Nord de France Groupe ISA Equipe Sols et Environnement Laboratoire Génie Civil et géoEnvironnement (LGCgE) Lille Nord de France (EA 4515) Département des Sites et sols Pollués Agence de I'Environment et de la Matrise de I'Energie (ADEME)

Soil contamination by metals from anthropogenic activities （e.g., mining and smelting） is a major concern for the environment and human health. Environmental availability of cadmium （Cd）, lead （Pb）, zinc （Zn）, copper （Cu）, and indium （In） in 27 urban soils located around two former Pb and Zn smelters in Northern France were studied by analysing the chemical forms of these metals and evaluating their phytoavailability. These metals were determined using flame or electrothermal absorption atomic spectrometry （FAAS or ETAAS）, depending on their concentration levels. After optimisation of the ETAAS method, characteristic mass of In in water and aqua regia were 9.9 and 18 pg, respectively, showing the high sensitivity of the analytical procedure. Metal partitioning was conducted using a four-step sequential extraction procedure. The results showed that Cd and Zn were mainly in the acid-extractable and reducible forms in the urban soils studied. In contrast, Pb and In were largely in the reducible fraction. However, in some samples, the amount of In extracted in the residual or exchangeable fraction was higher than that in the reducible fraction. Copper was mainly found in the reducible and residual fractions. A pot experiment was conducted in a glasshouse with seven soils （six contaminated and one uncontaminated） and two plant species, ryegrass and lettuce. The results showed transfer of metals from the contaminated soils to the shoots of ryegrass and the edible part of lettuce. The metal bioconcentration factor was in the order of Cd 〉〉 Cu 〉 In 〉 Zn 〉〉 Pb for lettuce leaves, whereas for ryegrass shoots, three orders were found, Cd 〉 Zn 〉 Cu 〉〉 In 〉 Pb, Cd 〉〉 In 〉 Zn 〉 Cu 〉〉Pb, and Zn 〉 Cd 〉 Cu 〉 In 〉〉 Pb, depending on the physico-chemical properties of the soils, such as pH, cation exchange capacity, carbonates, and organic matter. It was established that the metal toxicity was related to the contamination levels and the physico-chemical properties, including pH, organi

关键词： bioconcentration factor environmental availability metal toxicity sequential extraction soil physico-chemical property

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Global Transmission Dynamics of a Schistosomiasis Model and Its Optimal Control

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Applied Mathematics 2019年第6期10卷 397-418页

作者： Mouhamadou Diaby Mariama Sène Abdou Sène Laboratoire d’Analyse Numérique et d’Informatique (LANI) UFR SAT Université Gaston Berger de Saint-Louis Saint-Louis Sénégal UFR AGRO Université Gaston Berger de Saint-Louis Saint-Louis Sénégal LANI P&ocirc le STN MAI (Mathématiques Appliquées et Informatique) Université Virtuelle du SENEGAL Dakar-Fann Sénégal

Drug treatment, snail control, cercariae control, improved sanitation and health education are the effective strategies which are used to control the schistosomiasis. In this paper, we consider a deterministic model for schistosomiasis transmission dynamics in order to explore the role of the several control strategies. The global stability of a schistosomiasis infection model that involves mating structure including male schistosomes, female schistosomes, paired schistosomes and snails is studied by constructing appropriate Lyapunov functions. We derive the basic reproduction number R0 for the deterministic model, and establish that the global dynamics are completely determined by the values of R0. We show that the disease can be eradicated when R0?≤1;otherwise, the system is persistent. In the case where ?R0?>1, we prove the existence, uniqueness and global asymptotic stability of an endemic steady state. Sensitivity analysis and simulations are carried out in order to determine the relative importance of different control strategies for disease transmission and prevalence. next, optimal control theory is applied to investigate the control strategies for eliminating schistosomiasis using time dependent controls. The characterization of the optimal control is carried out via the Pontryagins Maximum Principle. The simulation results demonstrate that the insecticide is important in the control of schistosomiasis.

关键词： Schistosomiasis Models Nonlinear Dynamical Systems Global Stability Reproduction Number Optimal Control Sensitivity Analysis

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Transit time ultrasound perivascular flow probe technology is superior to MR imaging on hepatic blood flow measurement in a porcine model

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2018年第6期17卷 538-545页

作者： Mohamed Bekheit Chloe Audebert Petru Bucur Hans Adriaensen Emilie Bled Mylène Wartenberg Irene Vignon-Clementel Eric Vibert Inserm Unité 1193 112 Boulevard Paul Valliant CuturierVillejuifFrance Institute of medical sciences University of AberdeenAberdeenUK Centre de recherche Inria de Paris ParisFrance Sorbonne Universités UPMC University of Paris 6Laboratoire Jacques-LouisLionsParisFrance CHRU hopitaux de ToursChirurgie Héato-biliaire et pancréatiqueTransplantation HéatiqueToursFrance Plateforme Chirurgie et Imagerie pour le Recherche et l’Enseignement(CIRE) ImagerieUMR-PRC37380 NouzillyCentre INRA Val de LoireFrance AP-HP Hoital Paul BrousseCentre Héato-BiliaireVillejuifFrance

Background: The hepatic hemodynamics is an essential parameter in surgical planning as well as in various disease processes. The transit time ultrasound(TTUS) perivascular flow probe technology is widely used in clinical practice to evaluate the hepatic inflow, yet invasive. The phase-contrast-MRI(PC-MRI) is not invasive and potentially applicable in assessing the hepatic blood flow. In the present study, we compared the hepatic inflow rates using the PC-MRI and the TTUS probe, and evaluated their predictive value of post-hepatectomy adverse events. Methods: Eighteen large white pigs were anaesthetized for PC-MRI and approximately 75% hepatic resection was performed under a unified protocol. The blood flow was measured in the hepatic artery(Qha), the portal vein(Qpv), and the aorta above the celiac trunk(Qca) using PC-MRI, and was compared to the TTUS probe. The Bland-Altman method was conducted and a partial least squares regression(PLS) model was implemented. Results: The mean Qpv measured in PC-MRI was 0.55 ± 0.12 L/min, and in the TTUS probe was 0.74 ± 0.17 L/min. Qca was 1.40 ± 0.47 L/min in the PC-MRI and 2.00 ± 0.60 L/min in the TTUS probe. Qha was 0.17 ± 0.10 L/min in the PC-MRI, and 0.13 ± 0.06 L/min in the TTUS probe. The Bland-Altman method revealed that the estimated bias of Qca in the PC-MRI was 32%(95% CI:-49% to 15%); Qha 17%(95% CI:-15% to 51%); and Qpv 40%(95% CI:-62% to 18%). The TTUS probe had a higher weight in predicting adverse outcomes after 75% resection compared to the PC-MRI( β= 0.35 and 0.43 vs β = 0.22 and 0.07, for tissue changes and premature death, respectively). Conclusions: There is a tendency of the PC-MRI to underestimate the flow measured by the TTUS probes. The TTUS probe measures are more predictive of relevant post-hepatectomy outcomes.

关键词： Hepatic blood flow Phase contrast MRI Transit time ultrasound probe Porcine model Liver surgery

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The Unexpected Capability of Melanin to Split the Water Molecule and the Alzheimer’s Disease

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neuroscience & Medicine 2011年第3期2卷 217-221页

作者： Maria del Carmen Arias-Esparza Ruth Isabel solís Arias Paola Eugenia solís Arias Martha Patricia solís Arias A. solís-Herrera 不详

We began a study about the three main causes of blindness in 1990, because their incidence and prevalence have not changed in the last forty years. Twelve years later we concluded that the main source of energy for the human retina is water, not ATP. And this is also true for the entire human body. Water is the main source of energy. The amazing capability of eukaryotic cells to break or dissociate the water molecule was unsuspected to us because it takes 2000℃ degrees to dissociate water in a laboratory environment, and until today, it was believed that only plants were capable of accomplishing this. Photosynthesis occurs in humans as it does in plants. The water that we drink every day is not just to wash away detritus and toxins;it is not just a cleaner, nor a simple solvent. When our body dissociates the water molecule, cells are able to get their energy from Hydrogen (Hydrogen is the energy carrier that Nature uses the most). Water is our main source of energy. If our body couldn’t acquire energy from water, we would need to eat between 50 - 170 kg (110 - 374 lbs) daily. In any system, when a generalized failure occurs, we must suspect energy first. Parkinson and Alzheimer’s Disease are examples of a generalized failure. That explains why it is not uncommon that patients improve dramatically with pharmacological stimulation of the human photosynthesis process. Recall that the brain needs energy not only to grow or to perform its functions, but also to preserve its form and shape. The best energy for human cells is Hydrogen.

关键词： Melanin Water Dissociation Energy Glucose Alzheimer Biomass

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Rehabilitation of spinal cord injuries

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2015年第1期6卷 8-16页

作者： Kemal Nas Levent Yazmalar Volkan ?ah Abdulkadir Ayd?n Kadriye ?ne? Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation School of MedicineSakarya University Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation School of MedicineDicle University Department of Phsyical Treatment and Rehabilitation Erzincan University Mengucek Gazi Training and Research Hospital Orthes and Prothes Center Dicle University Istanbul Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research and Training Hospital Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Clinic

Spinal cord injury(SCI) is the injury of the spinal cord from the foramen magnum to the cauda equina whichoccurs as a result of compulsion, incision or contusion. The most common causes of SCI in the world are traffic accidents, gunshot injuries, knife injuries, falls and sports injuries. There is a strong relationship between functional status and whether the injury is complete or not complete, as well as the level of the injury. The results of SCI bring not only damage to independence and physical function, but also include many complications from the injury. neurogenic bladder and bowel, urinary tract infections, pressure ulcers, orthostatic hypotension, fractures, deep vein thrombosis, spasticity, autonomic dysreflexia, pulmonary and cardiovascular problems, and depressive disorders are frequent complications after SCI. SCI leads to serious disability in the patient resulting in the loss of work, which brings psychosocial and economic problems. The treatment and rehabilitation period is long, expensive and exhausting in SCI. Whether complete or incomplete, SCI rehabilitation is a long process that requires patience and motivation of the patient and relatives. Early rehabilitation is important to prevent joint contractures and the loss of muscle strength, conservation of bone density, and to ensure normal functioning of the respiratory and digestive system. An interdisciplinary approach is essential in rehabilitation in SCI, as in the other types of rehabilitation. The team is led by a physiatrist and consists of the patients' family, physiotherapist, occupational therapist, dietician, psychologist, speech therapist, social worker and other consultant specialists as necessary.

关键词： Spinal cord Injury Tetraplegia Paraplegia Rehabilitation

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